Quaternary Loess and Glacial Record of Southwestern Illinois

8/19/2019 Quaternary Loess and Glacial Record of Southwestern Illinois

1/31


2/31

QU TERN RY

LOESS

ND GL CI L

RECORD

OF SOUTHWESTERN

ILLINOIS

Field Guide

Leon

R.

Follmer

and

E. Donald McKay

llinois State

Geological Survey

Champaign

IL

61820

and

Edwin R. Hajic

Department of Geology

University of

llinois

Urbana

IL

61801

Geological Society of America

Post-Meeting Field Trip

16

Friday November 10 1989


3/31

QUATERNARY LOESS

AND

GLACIAL RECORD OF SOUTHWESTERN

ILLINOIS

Foreword

Most of the information in this guidebook is taken from previous

guidebooks or from

studies

in

progress.

Our current understanding of the

Quaternary hi

story

of the region

has

not evolved much si nee

1986

when a

guidebook was prepared

that

summarized the

status

of Quaternary issues of the

region for

the

American Quaternary Association meeting in

Ill inois.

Therefore

we

will use

parts

of the

1986

guidebook Graham et

al. , 1989,

reprinted as

Illinois State

Geological Survey Guidebook 23) for this

trip.

The

information

for

the five

stops we

will make

on this

trip

comes

from

the following sources. Stop 2 Maryville and Stop 5 Pancake Hollow are

described in Guidebook 23. Stop 3 Paddock Creek discussion is from Guidebook

14 McKay, 1979).

No information has been published for Stop

1

Powdermill

Creek;

we

have studied i t and Canfield,

H.

E. and D. M Mickelson in

press,

Quaternary Research) have sampled

i t

for thermoluminescenCE

analysis.

Stop 4

Williams

Hollow

has

been

studied by

Ed

Hajic

as

a part of his

dissertation

in

progress.

The

timing of

this

trip

in

respect

to

our

studies

is

such

that

we

chose to not prepare a

new

coherent guidebook but to make do with the pieces

we have.

Abstract

Quaternary field trips visit outcrops and exposures

which

are best

for

understanding

geo

1ogi c processes

and st rat

fg rap hi c re 1

at

ion

ships.

This trip

wi 11 vis i t f·i ve exposures that

best

show

the

re 1at ion ships of 1

oesses,

t i l l s

and

paleosols

in southwestern Ill inois at this time. Several key exposures

have been recently lost because of

construction

and others have been lost for

a

variety

of reasons, including mass wasting

and

vegetation cover.

The

East

St.

Louis area has been

an

important area in

past

studies

of

loess

formations

and their

relation

to Illinoian and older t i l l s . The most

significant

locality was

the

Pleasant Grove School Section where three loess

formations overlying

an

Illinoian

t i l l

were described including the

controversial mid-Wisconsinan Roxana Silt Willman

and

Frye,

1970;

Winters

et

a

1., 1988;

and Johnson and

Fo 11

mer,

1989).

This

section was

designated the

type section

for

the Roxana and served as a bench-mark

for

about 20 years

until

i t was

mined

away

for road

construction

in

1988.

As

new studies were completed in the area a more detailed stratigraphic

picture evolved McKay,

1979; Graham et al. , 1986).

Older loesses have been

identified and

problems with

Illinoian interpretations arose,

such as number

and

distribution

of

t i l l

members.

The

emphasis of

this

trip

will

be

on

the

examination of

the

stratigraphic relationships used to interpret the loess

record in Illinois, and to discuss

work

in progress on the evolution of the

lower Ill inois River Valley.


4/31

2

Stratigraphy O f

The

Field Trip Stops Listed From

The Top Down

Stop 1. Powdermil l Creek borrow pit. Peoria Loess, Roxana

Silt ,

Sangamon

Geosol

soil)

in Illinoian t i l l and Chinatown si l t .

Stop 2.

Mary

vi 11 e

st ream cuts.

Peoria Loess, Roxana

Silt , Sangamon

in Berry

Clay/Teneriffe Sil t / t i l l

Chinatown si l t with weak soil , Maryville

si l t

with

strong

soil

11

Yarmouth

11

, pre-Illinoian

t i l l

and

loess.

Stop 3.

Paddock

Creek

cut.

Peoria Loess, Roxana

Silt, Sangamon Geo

sol in

Illinoian

t i l l over a strong soil developed in

pre-Illinoian

t i l l .

Stop 4. Williams Hollow borrow

pit.

Peoria Loess showing zonation, including

a clay bed, over a Farmdale Geosol developed in Roxana

Silt .

Stop 5. Pancake

Ho

11 ow st ream

cut.

Peoria, Roxana, Sangamon in Love 1and

Loess, weathered gravel over a

strongly

weathered Chinatown lower

Loveland?), and a sequence of weathered loesses and alluvium.

Limited

results

from radiocarbon, thermoluminescence, amino acid ratio,

and magentic susceptibility measurements have given promising

results

for

correlations,

but

the details

are not

clear yet. The lithostratigraphic

record of

the

Wisconsinan has three

parts:

early--poor sediment record cool

climate soil formation), mi dd l e--Roxana Silt, and 1ate--Peori a

Lo

es

s. The

record of the

Illinoian

is not

clear;

i t may have

up

to four

lithostratigraphic parts, and apparently spans two glacial stages. The pre

Illinoian appears to

be

middle Pleistocene. The Ill inois River

valley

has

late Wisconsinan and Holocene terraces

and stratigraphic

features

that

record

major

glacial

events in the upper Ill inois and Mississippi River basins.

References

Graham

R.

W. et

al. ,

1989,

Quaternary records of Southwestern Illinois and

adjacent

Missouri: Ill inois State Geological Survey Guidebook 23.

Johns on,

W

H.,

and L. R. Fo11

mer,

1989,

Source and origin of

Roxana Silt and

middle

Wi

scans i nan mi dcont i nent gl aci a 1

activity:

Quaternary

Research

31, 319-331.

McKay E. 0., 1979, Stratigraphy

of Wisconsinan and

older

loesses in

Southwestern Ill inois: Il l inois State Geological Survey Guidebook

14.

Willman,

H.

B.,

and

J.

C.

Frye,

1970,

Pleistocene

stratigraphy

of

Ill inois:

Ill inois State Geological Survey Bulletin 94, 204 p.

Winters, H.A., Alford, J .J . and Rieck, R.L., 1988, The anomalous

Roxana

Silt

and mid-Wisconsinan events in and near southern Michigan: Quaternary

Research 29, 25-35.


5/31

3

Introduction

Southwestern Ill inois and the bordering area in Missouri

is an

important

region

for middle

and

late Pleistocene research because several major

loess

sheets are

intercalated

with deposits of several continental

glacial

advances,

and the geologic record

is

relatively well preserved. However the details are

poorly understood yet. In stratigraphic terms much of the

attention

of early

studies was on multiple

loess unit sequences. Early

work on glacial deposits

was

mostly concerned with landforms, age and

distribution

of

the

surficial

deposits,

and

stratigraphy

in terms of glacial-interglacial cycles.

Because the scope of the problems

is

so large early studies were largely

limited

to

local areas or states. Regional

studies

on loess stratigraphy

and

soi 1 parent materi a 1) di

st ri

but ion became important in the 1ate 1940 s.

Multiple loess sequences

were

known

at

this time but correlations across the

region

were

not

certain

except for the Peoria Loess (Late Wisconsinan) and

the

Roxana Silt (middle Wisconsinan

to

late Sangamonian).

Both

are more than 10 m

thick in the bluffs of the East St. Louis area. A third

loess in the lower

Mississippi

Valley

was tentatively correlated

with

the

Loveland Loess of

the

Missouri Valley (western Iowa in

1947.

In

only a

few

cases has a

third

loess

been recognized in the East

St.

Louis

area.

After 1947, much interest

was

directed

toward loess stratigraphy in

the

midcontinent region and the Loveland

was

accepted

as

the

th

i rd 1oess in Il 1 noi s. However

the

re 1

at

ion of

the

Loveland to

glacial

events remains

uncertain

except for the

fact that

the

Sangamon Soil denotes

the

upper boundary of the

Love

1and Loess and can be

observed

to

continue on

to

the

Illinoian

glacial

deposits

in

many

places along

the glacial border. Before the 0-18 model of glaciation

became

widely

accepted, a three loess-sheet model was satisfactory for general

interpretations

of the surficial loess

deposits

of the central U.S. Evidence

for

more

than three 1oess

sheets and

1oess under non 1oess deposits

had

not

been

seriously evaluated.

In

the

last 10

years, six

loess sheets

and

five palesols

(geosols) have

been

recognized in Illinois. Evidence for

three loesses

are found below

Illinoian t l l at

key

locations (Maryville, Stop 2). Beyond the glacial

margin, at least five loesses with paleosols have been discriminated. Two

Ill i noi an

and two

pre-I i noi an

t l l s

are known in

the

St. Lou i s region but

their distribution

is

only partly worked out.

Correlations

have been

difficult because of the large area and lack of diagnostic critieria;

correlations

have been based on conceptual models, limited age

control,

lithology,

and relationships with discontinuous

terraces

and paleosols.

Significant new 1oca1

t i es in

Illinois

at Pancake Ho

ow and

the

Mounds

area

(north of Cairo) provide new

links

for stratigraphic correlation between the

glaciated

area and the lower

valley

loess areas

that is currently best

represented

at

Wittsburg, Arkansas,

on

Crowley

1

s Ridge.


6/31

4

Modern dating methods promise significant resolution of Quaternary

stratigraphy and better

correlation

models. Present age information for loess

units Table)

show

conflicts and overlaps among a confusing array of local

terms

shown

in Figure 2, which is

one

of several possible models. The ages of

the loesses are difficult to assess

from

early studies because original

stratigraphic

interpretations were often based on ages estimates.

Much

work

is

needed

to

examine the

field

and

analytical relationships

in

light

of

current viable alternatives. A current model of

correlation

Fig. 12 places

emphasis

on

soils geosols) to

correlate lithostratigraphic units. New

work

on aminostratigraphy and magnetic

susceptibility

has

shed

light on

some

of the

correlation

problems.

Amino-ages

indicate

that

type

Sicily

Island Louisiana)

loess

is

older than Loveland, and a sil t at County Line, north of Quincy,

Illinois

is

a new observation of an old deposit that

may

have

been

derived

from

loess.

Barry Miller personal communication, 1989 suggests

that

the

age

of

this

silt appears to be in the range of 700 to 900 ka, which means that it

is

the oldest Pleistocene sil t documented in the region. Magnetic

susceptibilities at Pancake

Hollow

Stop 5 suggest that Ml

is

0-18 stage 8,

M and

M3 may be stage 10, and

M4 may be

stage 12.


7/31

Table 1 Age estimates

of

loesses at or near localities

Unit Locality

C-14 ka)

TL ka)

Morton

Farm Creek

20-25 20

Maryville

16-25

18

Witts

burg

-

19

Peoria

Vicksburg

9-20

5-20

Loveland

15-23

13-24

Farm Creek

25-39

29

Maryville 31-40 25-33

Wittsburg

26

46

Roxana

Vicksburg

18-24 20-37

Loveland 25-31

46-47

Teneriffe

Maryville

-

73

Chinatown

Maryville

-

77-83

Wittsburg

-

85

Loveland

Loveland

-

89

Sicily

Island

Vicksburg

-

74-85

Fourth

Vicksburg

-

117-123

Sources: Canfield,

H.

E. and Mickelson,

in

press Thermoluminescence Dating of Loess

in

the Central United

States: Quaternary Research

Norton,

D. L

and Bradford,

J.M.,

1985, Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Journal, 49: 708-712.

Pye,

K.

and Johnson,

R.

1988, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 13: 103-124

Illinois State Geological Survey


8/31

orth

South

Modern Soil

Richland

Wisconsinan Till

Peoria

Vicksburg

Morton

1 - - r - - - - - - - - - - - . - - - - . . - - - - - - - . - - - - - - . . . . - - - - . - - . - . . . . - - - - - - - - ~ ~ - - . - - ~ - . - - - ~ ~ ~ - . - ~ - - l Geosol1

Farmdale Geosol

Roxana

Farm

dale

1 - - - . - - - . - - - - - - - . - - - r - - - . - - - r - - . - - - - . . - - . - - - . - - . - - - . - - - - - - - - - - . - - . - - . - - . - - - - r _ _ - . . - - - . - - - . - - . - - ~ - - l G e o s o l 2

Sangamon Geosol

Teneriffe

lllinoian Till

?

.. _...__ ?

Petersburg

Maryville

Pre-lllinoian Till

? Burdick

bedrock

Figure 2 Loess Terminology


9/31

Farm

Athens

Maryville

Pancake

Mounds Witts-

Vicks-

Sicily

I

Creek

H

burg

burg

Ri

p

Geo sol

p p

p

p p

p

1 2

gr

1

s

Be Berry Clay accreted

w

Ro Rx

2

Rx

Rx

Rx

Bu Burdick silt

Rx

Geosol

c

Chinatown

silt

2

4 ?

gravelr

Mo

Rx

T

L

s

gr

I

lllinoian till

L

L

Loveland L.oess

?

Ro

Be

Ma Maryville silt

4

gr

4

Mo Morton Loess

p

Peoria Loess

Rx

c

Ml 4

Pl Pre-lllinoian till

5

gr

Ri

Richland Loess

Ro

Robein Silt accreted

Ma

M2

gr

Rx Roxana Silt

?

6

s

Sicily Island loess

T Teneriff e Silt

Pl

M3

w Wisconsinan till

7

4 Fourth loess

u

M4

gr

5

Fifth loess

M1-M4 Silt

units

of Pancake Hollow

Figure 12 Correlation

of

principal loess

localities


10/31

8

POWDERMILL CREEK E ST

SECTION

Measured in borrow

pit

in

W

NE

W

Sec. 10,

T

1 N.,

R.

9

W., St. Clair

County, Illinois 1984. French Village 7.5 Minute Quadrangle.

Thickness in Meters.

Peoria Loess

Loess,

light

yellowish-brown, massive,

s l t

loam,

calcareous

Modern

Soil developed in upper part:

thickness

measured in

borehole

G21

located in

W SW NE

Sec. 10,

T.

1

N., R. 9 W.,

St. Clair

County,

Illinois

McKay, 1977).

TL

sample

number

i.C5

0.40

to

0.55 m above

base.------------------------------------

8.07

Roxana

Silt

Zone

r-4

Loess,

brown to

reddish brown, weakly

granular

to blocky,

Farmdale Soil developed

throughtout

noncalcareous, A/Cl.---------- 1.10

Zone

r-3

Loess,

light

brown,

massive,

s l t loam

weakly

calcareous

C2. TL

sample

number IC4

across

contact

with

r-2.----------------

2.50

Zone r-2

Loess, reddish

brown,

massive,

s l t

loam, weakly

calcareous

lower 0.50 m noncalcareous, C2-Cl.

TL

sample

number IC3

includes lower 0.10 m of r-2 and upper 0.20 m of r-1.------------- 1.50

Zone r-1

Loess, yellowish-brown, weakly

granular

to fine subangular

blocky in lower 0.20

m, si l t

in upper

part to

heavy

s l t

loam in lower 0.20

m,

noncalcareous, A / E ~ 1.25

Glasford Formation

Fort Russell Till

Member

Till reddish-brown, blocky, clay loam, noncalcareous, Bt.--------- 1.25

Till

yellowish-brown, coarse blocky, loam,

calcareous

C2.--------

0.25

Chinatown Silt

Loess,

light

yellowish

brown to

pale brown,

silt

loam,

calcareous

massive,

common

iron bands, gastropods, deformed,

contains a

few

isolated pebbles

and

zones of diamicton alorrg

shear planes C2.

TL

sample

IC2

near base.----------------------- 3.50

Loess, as above but light brown, C2.

TL

sample ICl near top -------2.50

Loess, gray, massive, s l t loam,

thin 5

to

10

cm) diamicton

layers

common, calcareous to base of section C4.----------------- 2.50

TOTAL

24.42


11/31

9

1 > I

,........_,...

; - L 1 L l _ l - L . _ _ / ~ ~ 2 f o=-:_.:tLz

_

= = ~ ·...--........-:--.

- :-:/._J-_

.f.._/_/ - - - 1 _ ~ , . . . . . . . ____/_'I 2

- .

~ T

F loor

F v ve I. f

w . ~ , . . .

m : II

C

e

e

V{ S l


12/31

10

DESCRIPTIONS OF

SECTIONS

STOP 1-Paddock Creek Section. SW% SW% SE% Sec. 1, T. 5 N., R. 8 W., Madison County, Illinois,

Prairietown

7.5-minute

Quadrangle (fig. 1).

The section, a

large

stream-cut exposure located

15

km east of the Mississippi

bluffs on the outside of a meander loop of Paddock Creek, offers one of the

best exposures in the field

trip

region of the two

principal t i l l units

in

the area (figs. 3, 4). The

section

has not been previously described.

Northeast

Elev (ml

1

5

0

1

20

Distance

{ml

Figure

3. Sketch

of

the Paddock

Creek

Section, Stop 1.

Southwest

Peoria Loess

30

40

5

ISGS

1979

The

two

t i l ls exposed

at

Paddock Creek

are

the

Omphghent

til1

(lower

part) and

the Fort Russell t i l l .

If formalized, both units will have the

Paddock Creek Section as their type sec ti on.

The

0mphghent til 1

is a gray

calcareous silty to clayey t i l l exposed

from

stream level to about 3 m above

stream level.

An

auger hole at stream level at the north end of the section

penetrated an additional 4 m of

0mphghent t i l l

.

Deep oxidation along

joints truncated by the overlying Fort Russell till indicates that a

strongly developed soil probably existed on the Omphghent

t i l l prior

to

deposition of Fort Russell. This soil in the absence of the Chinatown

Toess'' would represent the combined development of unnamed

soils

B and

c·

(fig.

2). The soil is progressively truncated to the south in the exposure

where the Fort Russell rests

directly

on calcareous 0mphghent

t i l 1.

At

the north

end

of

the exposure, a

severely

distorted

B horizon

is

st i l l

pres

ent on the lower t i l l .

The

Omphghent

t i l l

at

Paddock Creek has a grain-size composition of

23 percent sand, 54 percent s i l t and 23 percent< 4 µm clay, an average

unoxidized clay mineral composition

of

24 percent expandable clay minerals,

47

percent

i l l i te

and 29 percent kaolinite plus chlorite,

and

a carbonate

mineral composition of 8 percent calcite and 9 percent dolomite. Hiqh i l l i te

and high

calcite t i l ls

with compositions like the Omphghent til1

have not

been identified within the Illinoian

of central and

western

Illinois

(Lineback,

1979). However,

similar

t i l ls

do

occur in

east-central

Illinois (Johnson et


13/31

al. , 1972)

w h e r ~

they are included in the Banner Formation and were probably

deposited by ice from the Erie or Saginaw Bay

Lobes

(Johnson, .1976) ... ·The .

11

0mphghent

t i l l

11

occurs in the subsurface in much

of

Madison

and

St.

Clair

Counties and extends beyond the

limit

of

the

11

Fort Russell t i l l

11

in western

St. Clair and Monroe Counties (fig. 1). Borings

for

Alton Lock

and

D a m ~ N o

26 penetrated

11

Orn phghen

t

t i l l 1

1

i n the bottom ·of the Mi s s i s s pp i Va 11 ey

beneath

20

to

25

m

of

alluvium

and

outwash,

indicating

that

deep

incision

of the va 11 ey into bedrock preceeded deposition of the

1

Omphghent ti lJ.

11

The

11

Fort Ru.ssell.

t i l l

11

is a sandy i l l i t ic dolomitic

t i l l

that is· 6.6 m

thick in the Paddock Creek Section.

The

Fort Russell has

a· grain-size

composition

of

34 percent sand, 42 percent

s i l t and

24 percent < 4 µm

clay, an average unoxidized clay mineral composition

of

24 percent expandable

.clay minerals, 55 percent i l l i te and

21

percent

kaolinite

plus chlorite, and

a carbonate composition

of

4 percent calcite and 18 percent

d o l o m i t e ~

The·

11

Fort Russell t i l l

11

is tentatively correlated with Lineback's (1979) unnamed

t i l l C

(table

2)

and

on

that

basis

is

included in the Glasford Formation

(fig. 2). The Fort Russell 11 is the surficial t i l l

unit

over most

of

Madison

County

and

has been found at one site on the west bluff

of

the Mississippi

Valley near Larimore, Missouri, in St. Louis County. In the eastern

part of

Madison

County

the

11

Fort Russe1l

11

IT ay

be

overlain

by

a

sandier,

more

i l l i t ic

and

more

dolomitic t i l l . Tills with high

i l l i te

and high dolomite contents

in central

Illinois

are generally considered to have been derived from a

Lake

Michigan

Lobe

source.

A moderately well drained profile of the

Sangamon·

Soil is developed in

the upper part

of

the Fort Russell t i l l .

11

The

Sangamon Soil and overlying

loesses are not accessible in the main exposure but can be seen along the

shallow roadcut

just

to the south. Wisconsinan

loess·thicknesses

of 3.3

to

3.9 m occur on upland areas in the

vicinity

of the section. The 2.8-m_loess

thickness at Paddock Creek is partially truncated by erosion

on

the

hill.

slope.

Unit

Peoria

Loess

Roxana

Silt

c

g

...

E

0

u.

-0

2

(..)

c

OJ

. :

Cl

. :

a.

E

p

·;:;

:::l

a:

0

*Informal name introduced in this report

Description

Loess,

weathered; moderately

well

drained

profile

of the

Modern Soil;

leached

silt

foam and silty clay

loam.

Loess, weathered;

profile

of the Farmdale Soil and lower

part

of the Moderr;i Soil;

leached silt

loam, becomes more sandy toward base.

Till, massive,

loam

texture, calcareous; weathered in upper

part;

profile of the

m

1.5

1.3

Sangamon Soil; about 2 m of leaching; prominent vertical joints above

discon-

6.6

tinuous sand lenses near

base; unoxidized

gray (5Y 5/1) at

base;

lower part

contains

sheared

bodies of underlying material.

Till, massive, silt loam,

calcareous;

weathered in

upper

part; unnamed soil;

upper

_ to

2 m sheared and remolded by glacial

overriding;

soil zone progressively truncated

toward southwest part

of

exposure; prominent oxidized yellowish

brown

( 1

OYA

5/5)

joints;

unoxidized gray (SY 5/1) to greenish gray (5GY

5/1)

between joints;

several large

distorted

silt

inclusions; abundant

wood

fragments.

6.6

ISGS

1979

Figure

4.

Generalized description

of stratigraphic units exposed

in

the Paddock

Creek

Section.


14/31


15/31

{::

51J)

510

SOD

f ~ O

fFO

460

f-SO

4JD

- l 5 t

}bO

}40

/35

13

\t/tLL/A}1S

HoLlouJ Sr:crtofl/

G-f:: /Jf; l(_,All l:./; JJ

fl{OFtLE

t / /

13oRJ(.olt)

f rr A-All)

Co1u:

~ E C T f ) } J u/

P1T

¢

Col{t=

--

-

-

ct....+Y

deo/

v.nf11/

-

~ l i f

PQcP

r1i.

r

CL.4 (

S

GJJ

1

V,

TH/ 1

\ \

c

-' Y

$t:;,

/,

T/11

11

llJ

)

--.J

r r

J So;I ?

-

~

\.....

-

..

Ft /.104L t SlJll

tu

......

C)


16/31

14

Section: Williams Hollow Borrow Pit WH)

Location:

El/2

SE NE 4 T6N R13W

Landscape Position: Longitudinal cut in spur on north side of valley, 0.7 km from Illinois Valley

Altitude: Spur slopes soulh from

530

lo 490 ft; core top 473

SCS Mapped Soil Series:

Date Cored: 16 July 1987

By: Edwin R. Hajic, Geology Department, University of Illinois

Roxana Silt

0.00 - 0.95

c,

0.95 - 2.15

cl

2.15 - 3.93

C3

3.93 - 4.37

2c.

4.37 - 4.50

2C,

4.5 - 4.58

3C,

Unnamed paleosol

4.58 - 5.65

5.65 - 5.88

5.88 - 6.46

6.46 - 7.85

7.85 - 8.44

4Bwb

5C

3

5Bwb

1

slightly yellower than brown 7.5YR 4.5/4) silt, with few coarse brown 7.5YR 4.5/3) mottles; weak

coarse platy; slightly effervescent dolomitic), few secondary carbonate linings in pores; few fine

pores; gradual boundary.

slightly yellower than brown 7.5YR 4.5/4) silt, with few coarse brown 7.5YR 4.5/3) mottles;

massive; slightly effervescent dolomitic), very few secondary carbonate nodules < 2 cm, few

secondary carbonate linings in pores; few fine pores; very gradual boundary.

brown 7.5YR 4/4) coarse silt with some very fine sand; massive; very slightly effervescent

dolomitic), one large concretion at 3.10; gradual boundary.

dark yellowish brown IOYR 4/3.5) loamy very fine sand grading

up

to silt, with common fine very

dark grayish brown IOYR 3/2) mottles; massive; very slightly effervescent dolomitic); basal part

of

unit with burrows filled with underlying material; clear boundary.

brown 7.5YR 4/4) very fine sandy loam; massive; very slightly effervescent dolomitic); abrupt

boundary.

dark yellowish brown IOYR 4/5) silt loam, many fine very dark grayish brown lOYR 3/2) mottles;

massive, single bed; very slightly effervescent dolomitic); abrupt boundary.

slightly yellower than brown 7.5YR 4.5/4) silt, with common medium faint dark yellowish brown

IOYR 4/5) mottles; massive; very slightly effervescent dolomitic) to leached; one fine chert pebble;

abrupt boundary.

dark brown to brown 7.5YR 4/2) silt ; massive; leached; clear boundary.

dark brown to brown 7.5YR 4/4) silt loam; massive; leached; very few coarse chert sand grains and

fine chert pebbles; gradual boundary.

brown to strong brown 7.5YR 4/5) silt loam; massive; leached; clear boundary.

dark yellowish brown IOYR 4/5) silt loam; weak coarse subangular blocky with few redeposited silt

loam peds; leached; clear boundary.

Undifferentiated colluvial sediments pre-Wisconsinan)

Sangamon Soil

8.44 - 8.64 6Bwb

dark yellowish brown IOYR 4/5) silt loam, with few very fine chert pebbles; weak coarse subangular

blocky with few redeposited silt loam pe


17/31

15

REFERENCES

Frye, J. C., L. R. Follmer, H.

D.

Glass,

J. M.

Masters,

and

H. B. Willman, 1974a, Earliest

Wisconsinan sediments and soils: Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 485, 12 p.

Frye, J. C., H. D. Glass,

and

H.

B.

Willman, 1962, Stratigraphy

and

mineralogy

of

the

Wisconsinan loesses of Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 334, 55 p.

Frye,

J.

C.,

H.

D.

Glass,

and

H.

B.

Willman, 1968, Mineral zonation

of

Woodfordian loesses

of

IJlinois: Illinois State

Geological Survey Circular 427,

44

p.

Frye, J. C.,

A.

B. Leonard,

H.

B. Willman, H. D. Glass,

and

L.

R.

Follmer, 1974b,

The late

Woodfordian Jules Soil and associated molluscan faunas: Illinois State Geological

Survey

Circular

486, p.

Frye, J. C.,

and

H.

B.

Willman, 1960, Classification of the Wisconsinan Stage in the Lake

Michigan glacial lobe: Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 285, 16 p.

Frye, J. C., and H.

B \ ~ i l l m a n

1963, Loess

stratigraphy,

Wisconsinan

classification

and

accretion-gleys in central-western Illinois: Midwestern Section Friends of the

Pleistocene, 14th Annual Meeting, Illinois State Geological Survey Guidebook Series 5,

37 p.

Frye,

J.

C., and H. B. Willman, 1965,

Illinois,

in Guidebook for field conference G--Great

Lakes-Ohio River Valley

R.

F. Black and E.

C.

Reed, organizers; C. B. Schultz

and

H.T.U. Smith,

eds. : International

Association of Quaternary Research 7th Congress,

Nebraska

Academy

of Science,

p.

5-26; Illinois State Geological Survey Reprint 1966-B

supplemental data H. D. Glass, p. G-51 to G-54), 26 p.

Johnson,

W.

H., 1976,

Q u a t e r n ~ r y

stratigraphy

in

Illinois:

Status

and

current

problems:

n Quaternary Stratigraphy of North America W. C. Mahaney, ed. , Dowden, Hutchinson

and Ross,

Inc.,

Stroudsburg, PA, p. 161-196.

Johnson,

W.

H.,

L. R.

Follmer,

D. L.

Gross,

and A. M.

Jacobs, 1972, Pleistocene strati

graphy of

east-central

Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Guidebook Series

9, 97

p.

Jones,

R.

L., and A.

H.

Beavers, 1964, Magnetic susceptibility as an aid in characterization

and

differentiation of loess: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 34, p. 881-883.

Leighton, M. M., and

J.

A. Brophy, 1961, Illinoian glaciation in Illinois: Journal of Geology,

v. 69, p. 1-31.

Leighton,

M.

M., and H. B. Willman, 1950, Loess formations of the Mississippi Valley: Journal

of

Geology, v. 58,

no.

6, p. 599-623.

Leonard, A. B.,

and J.

C. Frye, 1960, Wisconsinan molluscan faunas

of

the Illinois Valley

region: Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 304, 32 p.

Lineback, J. A., 1979, The status of the

Illinoian glacial

stage: Midwest Friends

of

the

Pleistocene 26th Field Conference, Illinois State Geological Survey

·GuJdebook

13.

Lineback,

J.

A.,

and

J.

T.

Wickham,

1977,

Correlation pf

the Quaternary

stratiqraphic

record

of

Illinois

with marine paleoclimatic changes [abstract]: Geological Society of America

Abstracts with Programs, v. 9, no. 7, p. 1071.

Lineback, J. A., and J.

T.

Wickham, 1978,

Is

the Illinoian a superstage? [abstract]:

Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 10, no. 7, p. 445.

McKay,

E.

D., 1977, Stratigraphy and zonation

of

Wisconsinan loesses in southwestern Illinois:

Ph.D. thesis, University of Illinois, Urbana, 242

p.

McKay, E.

D.,

1979, Wisconsinan

loess

stratigraphy of Illinois: Midwest Friends

_of

the

Pleistocene 26th Field Conference, Illinois State Geological Survey Guidebook 13.

Smith,

G. D.,

1942, Illinois l o e s s ~ V a r i a t i o n s in its properties and distribution: a pedologic

interpretation: University of Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 490,

p.

139-184.

Wascher, H. L., R. P. Humbert,

and

J. G. Cady, 1948, Loess in the southern Mississippi V a l l e y ~

Identification

and distribution of the loess sheets: Soil Science Society of America

Proceedings, 1947, v. 12, p. 389-399.

Wickham, J. T., 1979,

Pre-Illinoian

t l l

stratigraphy in the Quincy Illinois, area:

n

43rd annual

Tri-State

Geological Field Conference,

Illinois

State

Geological

Survey

Guidebook

14.

Willman, H. B.,

and

J.

C.

Frye, 1 9 7 ~ Pleistocene stratigraphy

of Illinois:

Illinois State

Geological Survey Bulletin 94, 204 p.


18/31

Distance

miles)

0.0 0.0

0.1

0.1

0.4

0.5

6.0

6.7

1.4

8.1

0.6

8.7

0.4

9.1

1.3

10.4

2.7

13.1

5.7

18.8

0.7

19.5

0.5

20.0

0.7

20.7

2.1

22.8

0.2

23.0

0.2

23.2

0.5

23.7

0.4

24.1

0.4

24.5

0.7

25.2

0.2

25.4

1.6 27.0

0.5

27.5

1.2

28.7

0.7

39.4

0.2

39.6

0.3

39.9

0.2

40.1

0.6

40.7

0.3

41.0

0.1

41.1

0.1

41.2

0.9

42.1

9.0 51.1

0.3

51.4

0.3

51.7

0.5

52.2

0.1

52.3

11.1

63.4

0.6

64.0

0.1

64.1

ROAD

LOG

DAY 1

start;

turn right (north)

out

of

Noah s Ark Best Western parking lot onto Fifth

Street

go under I-70; get

in

left lane

tum left (west) onto entrance ramp to I-70 and merge left onto I-70 west

descend temporarily into Mississippi Valley and cross Spencer Creek

ascend out

of

Mississippi Valley onto probable Savanna Terrace remnant

cross Dardenne Creek

exit right at exit 220; go up ramp, tum right (north) and merge left onto Missouri

Highway

9

cross Belleau Creek and continue northwest along west side of Mississippi River

Valley; low bluffs to west consist of loess over weathered residuum on x bedrock

cross Peroque Creek

tum right (north) onto old highway 79

tum left (west) onto Dyers Road; drive along Cuivre River on right (north) side

of

road; note multiple surfaces on north side

of

creek in valley mouth

begin ascent out

of

Mississippi Valley

tum right (west) onto

Flatwoods

road and descend immediately from uplands onto

Cuivre level of the St. Charles Terrace Family

take right (northwest) at stop sign onto county road Y

descend terrace scarp onto Holocene flood plain that is commonly overtopped during

floods

follow road as it curves to left (southwest) and travel along Cuivre River

tum left (southeast) on irt lane

Stop 1: Cuivre Valley

Section

B; continue walking up road up terrace

scarp

onto the Cuivre level

retrace route down irt lane and tum right onto blacktop road

ascend terrace

tum left onto Flatwoods Road

Stop

2:

Cuivre

Valley

Section

A; walk north on

dirt

lane and follow field

edge to the east to just beyond power lines ple se st y out

o

whe t field

retrace route; tum left (north) onto Dyers Road

turn right (south) onto old highway 79

turn right (north) onto Missouri Highway 79

begin ascent out of Mississippi Valley

cross Cuivre River

Stop 3: Burkemper Archaeological Site; Cuivre Valley Mouth

continue north on Missouri Highway 79, then exit right, Old Monroe exit, and tum

right (east) at stop sign onto county road Cat top of ramp; enter Old Monroe

stop sign, tum right (south) onto old highway 79

stop sign, go straight

recross Cuivre River

tum left (south) on Missouri Highway 79 and retrace route

tum

left (east) into Arrowhead Industrial Park

continue down industrial park road to edge of Mississippi Valley. Stop 4:

Arrowhead

Industrial Park.

turn around, return to highway and tum left onto Missouri Highway

9

; retrace route

stop light at west bound entrance ramp to I-70; go straight

cross over I-70, exit right Missouri Highway 79, then merge left onto I-70 eastbound

exit right, exit 229, and tum left (northeast) at stop light at top

of

ramp onto Fifth

Avenue

stop light at Riverbluff Drive, go straight

stop light at Boonslick Road, veer right (east) onto Boonslick Road; descend into

Missouri Valley


19/31


20/31

0.8

0.8

2.8 3.6

0.6

4 2

0.1

4.3

0.3

4 6

0.4

5.0

0.6

5.6

0.3 5.9

0.6

6.5

0.7

7.2

0.3

7.5

0.5 8.0

2.8

10.8

1.8

12.6

1.2

13.8

0.2

14.0

0.1

14.1

0.6

14.7

4 7

19.4

0.7

20.1

0.1

20.2

1.4

21.6

1.1

22.7

0.3

23.0

1.9 24.9

0.8

25.7

0.3

26.0

1.1

27.1

0.1

27.2

0.8

28.0

0.1

28.1

2.9

31.0

0.2

31.2

0.2

31.4

2.8

34.2

2.4 36.6

0.2

36.8

0.2

37.0

0.3

37.3

1.3

38.6

0.1

38.7

0.15

38.85

0.05

39.0

go west on blacktop, enter uplands along tributary valley; t ributary valley flood plain

grades to the Deer Plain Savanna) Terrace and much of the local upland surface was

mapped by Rubey 1952) as Brussels Terrace; topography is clearly erosional and

multiple levels are present

enter town of Brussels, believed by Rubey 1952) to be on the Brussels Terrace; core

on surface to east near valley edge encountered Peoria Loess over Roxana Silt over

Sangamon Geosol over a bedrock strath, no stratified material was encountered

leave Brussels

descend into side valley of Metz Creek; low spurs are Metz Creek Terrace

turn right north) at St Mathews Luthem Church

cross Metz Creek, note low spurs mapped by Rubey 1952) as Metz Creek Terrace, a

young St. Charles Terrace equivalent

tur left west)

tur

right north) onto gravel road

begin descent into Illinois Valley

Stop 8: Green Bay Hollow Section

turn right east) onto gravel road

stop sign, turn left north) onto blacktop road

turn left west) onto road to Batchtown, leave Illinois Valley

drainage divide between Illinois and Mississippi Valleys

stop sign, go straight; town of Batchtown in Batchtown Channel of Rubey, a former

Mississippi River channel filled with loesses and some pre-Illinoian diamicton

stop sign, turn right north)

leave Batchtown

crossing dissected surface that leads into Batchtown Channel

dissected surface to left west)

of

road, possibly

St

Charles Terrace

take right east) onto gravel road

Stop 9: Salt Spring Hollow Section

drainage divide between Illinois and Mississippi Valleys; road cuts expose Peoria

Loess over thin Roxana Silt over a thick, highly weathered colluvial diamicton

enter Illinois Valley; a large Late Woodland village site was excavated on the side

valley alluvial fan to the left north)

stop sign, turn left north) onto blacktop road

enter town

of

Hardin, much

of

which rests

on

the Deer Plain Savanna) Terrace

stop sign, go straight

intersection with Highway 100

at

Illinois River bridge; go straight onto Highway

100

Calhoun High School; excavations for the school into an alluvial fan encountered a

huge Middle Archaic archaeological site; the fan rests

on

the Deer Plain Savanna)

Tena:e

leave

Hardin

Deer Plain Savanna) Terrace scarp in field to the right east)

Deer Plain Savanna) Terrace on either side of creek

enter town

of

Michael

turn left west) onto blacktop road

leave Michael

drainage divide between Illinois and Mississippi Valleys

enter town

of

Hamburg

enter Mississippi Valley through artifical cut in bluff; jog right, then left and proceed

towards Mississippi River

stop sign, turn right north) onto blacktop road

leave Hamburg

cross bridge

turn right east) on gravel road; note high scrfaces on north side

of

valley that are

probably comparable to Stop

1

cross small bridge and immediately take right fork

Stop 10: Pancake Hollow; END FIELD TRIP


21/31

1991 MIDWEST FRIENDS OF THE PLEISTOCENE

ST. CHARLES, MISSOURI

Friday, May

10

4:00 p.m. to 10:00

p

m

6:30 p.m. to ...... .

Saturday,

May 11

6:00 am

7:00 am

7:15 am

7:30 am

5:30 pm ?

6:30 pm

7:30 pm

Sunday,

May 12, 1991

6:00 am

8:30 am

12:45 pm

MAY 10-12, 1991

SCHEDULE

Registration, Noah s Ark Motel, Room 238-240

Socialization, Noah s Ark Motel, Room 220-222

Breakfast buffet open at Noah s Ark

Late Registration, Noah s Ark Lobby or Parking Lot

Bus loading, Noah s Ark Parking Lot

Bus Departure

Return, Noah s Ark

Cash Bar, Cage Room (lower level) Restaurant

at Noah s Ark

Banquet buffet, Cage Room

Breakfast buffet open at Noah s Ark

Rendezvous car caravan in Deer Plain,

Illinois, Stop 7. See attached for

directions.

Trip ends.


22/31

DIRECTIONS TO SUNDAY MORNING RENDEZVOUS

The short route t southern Calhoun County, Illinois via the private

Golden

Eagle

Ferry is not available because the ferry does not run until after

8:00 am on week ends.

f

you

are

late

Sunday morning

you may wish to

go this way and join the caravan at Stop 7 or 8. The ferry can handle 12

vehicles on one crossing. Directions: From Noah's Ark go north on 5th Street

to Clay Street (Missouri 94), east on Clay Street to 2nd Street, north on 2nd

Street (still MO 94); stay on 94 as you leave town (a one block jog along the

way); continue on

94

to Boschertown and

junction

with county road B;

tum

northwest

on

Road B and stay on it through Kampville, turn

off

to ferry about

1/2 mile west of Kampville. On the Illinois side follow black top to Golden

Eagle, then north to Centerville, turn east and continue to Stop 7 (see attached

map). See below for directions to Stop 8.

Most of

the group

should

leave early

and

drive

to

the

Brussels Illinois

ferry;

driving time approximately 80-90 minutes.

Direc t ions

Take

I

70 east to I-270 north or east

Take I-270 north and east to Missouri 367; exit north

Take MO 367 north, junction with US 67, continue north on 67, cross

Missouri River, cross Mississippi River to Alton, Illinois

and junction Illinois 100.

Take IL 100 north to Brussels Free Ferry (west

of

Grafton). Cross river

to Calhoun County.

f

a long line is waiting for the ferry, you

may wish to drive north to Hardin on IL 100; cross bridge and

turn south, stay on main road south to Brussels and Deer Plain,

Stop 7. See map.

From ferry landing in Calhoun County, proceed south on black top

about 4 miles to assembly point (Stop 7); see map.

f

caravan has departed, proceed to Stop 8; follow black top west to

Centerville, turn N on main road (T intersection); continue N and W through

Brussels on main road, turn N at road intersection by Lutheran Church and

Cemetery; go north 1 mile, turn west on gravel road, go west 1/4 mile, tum

north on gravel road and continue to Stop 8.


23/31


24/31

LIST OF PARTICIPANTS

1991

MIDWEST FRIENDS OF THE PLEISTOCENE

MISSISSIPPI VALLEY TRIP

arry Abbott

0 Greenville Drive, #2

Artz

of

Iowa

W Baker

of Plant and Earth Sci.

W 54022

of

Geological Sciences

'iana University

ioomington, IN 47405

on IN 47405

gton IN 47405

Clayton

& Nat. Hist. Sur.

817 Mineral Point Road

WI 53705

Shaoguang Cong

gy Dept.

" O, ND 58105

6 Folwell Hall

of Minnesota

Richard C. Anderson

Department

of

Geology

Augustana College

Rock Island IL 61201

John Attig

Wisc. Geol. &

Nat. Hist. Survey

3 817 Mineral Point Rd.

Madison W 53705

Cindy Balek

220 Davenport Hall

Geography Dept.

University

of

Illinois

Urbana, L 61801

Mike Barnhardt

615 E. Peabody Dr.

ISGS

Rm.

425

Champaign, IL 61820

Margaret

E.

Berry

Department

of

Geology

Southern Illinois Univ.

Carbondale,

L

62901-4324

Dr. Sabine Bock

90 Fountain View Terr. #8

Lake St. Louis,

MO

63367

Steve Carmer

Dept.

of

Geology

Indiana Univer. - Indianapolis

425 University Blvd.

Indianapolis, IN 46202-5140

Russ Clinton

Dept. of Geology

Indiana Univ. - Indianapolis


Indianapolis, IN 46202-5140

Joseph Cummins

1057 Lewis

Owatonna, MN 55050

Dennis E. Dahms

Geography Dept.

Univ.

of

Northern Iowa

Cedar Falls, Iowa 50614-0406

Jane Hansen Anklan

5991 North Shore Dr.

Eau Claire, W 54703

Whitney Autin

Dept. of Nat. Res.

Louisiana Geol. Survey

Box G, University Sta.

Baton Rouge,

LA

70893

Richard Baker

Department

of Geology

University

of

Iowa

Iowa City, IA 52242

David Benn

Ctr. for Archaeological Res.

SW Missouri State University

Springfield,

MO

65804

Art Bettis

Iowa DNR Geolog. Survey

123 North Capitol Street

Iowa City IA 52242

C. Scott Brockman

Ohio Geological Survey

4383 Fountain Sq. Dr.

Columbus, OH 43224

Michael Chalfant

Soil Survey Office

1st St., P.O. Box 322

Lutesville,

MO

63762

James M. Collins

306 Eastlawn

Office of State Archaeologist

The University

of

Iowa

Iowa City, Iowa 52242

Brandon Curry

Illinois State Geol. Sur.

615 E. Peabody Drive

Champaign, IL 61820

Tracy DeLiberty

455 W. Lindsey

Room 805

Norman, OK 73019


25/31

Andrine Dell

Jeramy S. Dillon

Jennifer A. Distlehorst

Dept. of Geology

7831 Nina St. 245 NHB

University of Cincinnati

Omaha Nebraska 68124

1301 W. Green

Cincinnati OH 45226

Urbana

IL

61801

Anthony Dohmen

Wrick Dunning James Durbin

Soil Survey Office

916 W. 2nd St. Dept. of Geology

107

112 s.

16th

Northfield MN 55057

Southern Illinois University

Unionville MO 63565 Carbondale

IL

62901

Scott Eaton

Mike Ekbers

Steven Esling

Dept. of Geology

Dept. of Geology Dept. of Geology


University of Cincinnati


Carbondale Il 62901

Cincinnati OH 45226 Carbondale IL 62901

Doug Faulkner

Henry J. Ferguson

Jacqueline A. Ferguson

Department

of Geography

503 W. George

Illinois State Museum Res.

University of Wisconsin

Kirksville M0 63501 Collections Center

Science Hall

1920 S. 10 112 Street

Madison WI 53706 Springfield IL 62703

Faith A. Fitzpatrick

Leon Follmer

Steve Forman

USGS

Illinois State Geol Sur.

103

Mendenhall Lab

102 E. Main Street 4th Fl.

615 E. Peabody Drive 125

S.

Mall Dr.

Urbana IL 61801

Champaign IL 61820

Ohio State University

Columbus OH 43210

~ l r k e Garry

Bill Gartner Sharon Geil

Department of Biology

480 Science Hall

10180 Chaucer 3

Univ. Wisconsin - River Falls

Dept. of Geography Overland MO 63114

River Falls WI 54022 Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison

Madison WI 53706

Robert Gibson

Jay P. Gilbertson Beth Ginzel

AMLR Council

South Dakota Geol. Survey Dept.

of

Geology

SIUE - Box 1459 Science Center - USD Indiana Univ. - Indianapolis

Edwardsville IL 62026 Vermillion SD 57069-2390 425 University Blvd.

Indianapolis IN 46202-5140

R. W. Graham

David Grimley James Grimes

Illinois State Museum

245 NHB 405 W. Lindley Rm. 804

1920 10 112 St. South

1301 W. Green Norman OK 73019

Springfield IL 62703 Urbana IL 61801

Peggy Guccione George F. Hall Robert D. Hall

Dept. of Geology Agronomy Dept.

0

S. U Dept.

of

Geology

Univ. of Arkansas

2021 Coffey Rd. Indiana Univ. Indianapolis

118 Ozark Hall

Columbus OH 43210


Fayetteville AR 72701 Indianapolis IN 46202-5140

r:rl Hajic

Ardith K. Hansel

Dave Hansen

Huckleberry Dr. II. State Geol. Sur. I51F University Village

Jackson WY 83001

615 E. Peabody Drive

Ames IA 50010

Champaign IL 61820


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Kevin Savage

Allan F. Schneider

Walter Schrader

Dept. of Geology

Univ. Wisconsin

- Parkside

Dept. of Geography

University

of

Cincinnati

Box 2000

Univ.

of

Missouri

--:incinnati OH 45226

Kenosha WI 53141-2000 Columbia MO 65211

Donald Schwert

Kari Sever

Martha Sheppard

Dept. of Geology

1034 S. Broadway

RR

North Dakota State University

Springfield MO 65807 Pearl

IL

62361

Fargo ND 58105

Musa M. Shongwe

Edward C. Smith Phillip A. Smith

Dept. of Agronomy

IL Geological Survey Dept Geog. Earth Science

2021 Coffey Rod

615 E. Peabody Drive Southern Illinois University

202 Kettman Hill

Champaign IL 61820 Edwardsville IL 62026

Columbus OH 43210

Norm Stephens

Barb Stiff John Tandarich

Dept. of Geology

ISGS

MC

650 Hey Associates

Indiana Univ. - Indianapolis

615 E. Peabody 53 W. Jackson Blvd.

425 University Blvd. Champaign IL 61820 Suite 1401

Indianpolis IN 46202-5140

Chicago

IL

60604

Dr. Ken Tankersky

Lawrence D. Taylor

Peter Townsend

Research Collections Center

Dept. Geological Sciences

Dept. of Geology

1920 1

112

Sts.

Albion College Southern Illinois University


Albion MI 49224 Carbondale IL 62901

Springfield IL 62703

Clair Trent

Dave Voorhees Hong Wang

Dept. of Geology

245 NHB - Dept. of Geology

Davenport Hall


1301 W. Green Dept. of Anthropology

Carbondale IL 62901

Urbana

IL

61801

University of Illinois

Urbana Illinois 61801

Jiqing Wang

Larry B. Ward Robert E. Warren

Dept.

of

Geology

Soil Conservation Service


Univ. of Wisconsin-Milwaukee

Rm. 5404 Federal Of. Bldg. 1920 South 10

112

St.

Milwaukee WI 53201

700 West Capitol Avenue

Springfield

IL

62703

Little Rock AR 72201

Tom Donna Weaver

Wayne Wendlend

Michael Wilson

Consulting Geologists

Illinois State Water Sur.

SSIV - USDA - SCS

2156 Alpine Place

2204 Griffith Drive

Federal Building Rm. 152

Cincinnati OH 45206

Champaign

IL

61820

100 Centennial Mall North

Lincoln NE 68508-3866

Kathleen Woida

Herb Wright

Bill Zanner

Dept. of Geology

Limnological Research Center

462 Borlaug Hall

University

of

Iowa

University of Minnesota

Soil Science

Iowa City IA 52242

Minneapolis MN 55455

University

of

Minnesota

Saint Paul MN 55108


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April 1990

Department of Energy and Natural Resources

ILLINOIS

STATE

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

(217) 333-4

74

7

ISGS Publications Released Since October 989

ISGS Guidebook 23

Quaternary records o

outhwestern

Illinois

and adjacent

sso

,

by Russell

W.

Graham,

Bonnie

W.

Styl , J rey L. nders, Michael

D.

Wiant, E. D a cKay, T as R. Styles,

Edwin

R.

Hajic 1debook p., 1.25).

This guidebook was used ield trips held in

conjunction with the Quaternary

Association's I Meeting (Cham-

paign, Illinois, M J 1 1986).The Illinois

State Geological ter Surveys, the Illinois

State Museum, an the University of Illinois

Departments of Geology, Geography, and

Anthropology sponsored the meeting, which

covered geological, archeological, and ecologi

cal research.

IMN 101

Illinois mineral industry in 1987 and review

of preliminary mineral production data for

1988,

1988,

by Irma E. Samson and Subhash

B. Bhagwat (Illinois Mineral Notes 101,

40

p.,

1.25).

This annual report, which includes

13

figures

and 25

tables, summarizes and discusses the

output and value of more than 30 minerals and

mineral products. The authors analyze trends in

the mineral industry and review preliminary data

for

1988.

IMN 102

Proceedings

of

the 23rd forum

on

the geol

ogy of industrial minerals,

by Randall

E.

Hughes and James C. Bradbury (Illinois Mineral

Notes

102, 105

p.,

4.50).

Ralph Grim (the keynote speaker) and 25other

researchers contributed

to

this proceedings. The

16

articles include such topics as the current

state of industrial minerals in China, an historical

perspective of the Chicago stone industry, and

evaluation of the economic usefulness of earth

materials by X-ray diffraction.

IMN 103

Directory

of

Illinois mineral producers

1988-1989, by Irma Samson and John

M.

Masters (Illinois Mineral Notes

103, 134

p.,

1.25).

This directory includes all companies (otherthan

oil and gas producers) involved in mining,

processing, and manufacturing mineral products

in Illinois. Illinois mineral producers are listed by

county, company, and commodity.

IP 133

A gravity of marine field: case

study for

Silurian reef exploration,

by Paul C. Heigold

and StephenT Whitaker (Illinois Petroleum

133,

19 p. 1.25).

Measuring the local gravity field can aid in the

search for Silurian reefs and associated hydro

carbon reservoirs in the Illinois Basin. Gravity

surveys can be used effectively as an initial

exploration method in reef-prone areas to define

prospect-size areas in which geologists can

target intensive exploration techniques.

Coop Groundwater Report 11

Agricultural chemicals in rural, private water

wells

in

Illinois:

recommendations

for

a

statewide survey, by D.

P

McKenna, S. C.

Schock, E. Mehnert,

S.

C. Mravik, D. A. Keefer,

ISGS and ISWS (Cooperative

11, 109

p.,

1.75).

Knowledge of the extent of agricultural chemical

contamination

of

groundwater in Illinois remains

limited. This project is a response to the mandate

of the Illinois Groundwater Protection Act to

evaluate the impact of pesticides on groundwa

ter,

particularly in rural areas where pesticides

are used most intensively.

EGN

131

Lake Michigan bibliography, volume 1

1960-1976, by Nancy Peterson Holm and Beth

McArdle Morgan (Environmental Geology Notes

131,

454

p.

5.00).

EGN 132

Lake Michigan bibliography, volume

2:·

19n-1986

by Nancy Peterson Holm and Beth

McArdle Morgan (Environmental Geology Notes

132, 531 p. 5.00).

ISSJR 2

Evaluation

of

underground injection

of

industrial waste in Illinois, by Ross D. Brower,

Ivan G. Krapac, Bruce

R.

Hensel, Adrian P.

Visocky, Gary R. Peyton, John S. Nealon, and

Mark Guthrie (Illinois Scientific Surveys Joint

Report

2, 184

p., no charge) .

As required by the Environmental Protection Act,

the Illinois State Geological and Water Surveys

assessed the Illinois Underground Injection

Control program as it relates to injection of

hazardous industrial wastes in Class I waste

disposal wells. This comprehensive nvestigation

covered geological, technical, and environmen-

tal feasibility of deep well injection, the adequacy

of current regulations and regulatory practices,

the ultimate fate of the injected waste in

the

disposal system, and the comparative risks,

benefits, and costs

of

deep well injection and

alternative disposal options.

C535

Glaciation and origin

of

the geest in

the

Driftless Area of northwestern Illinois, by H

B.Willman, H.

D.

Glass and J.C . Frye (Circular

535,

44

p.,

1.75).

Glacial deposits within the western margin of the

Driftless Area indicated the poss ibility of glacia

tion elsewhere in the area. Evidence from

studying modern stream alluvium and the thick

layer of clay underlying the loess suggests that

the major part of the Driftless Area was not

glaciated.

C541

Trench covers to minimize infiltration at

waste disposal sites, by

K.

Cartwright,

T.

H.

Larson, B. L. Herzog, T J. Johnson, K. A.

Albrecht,

D.

L. Moffett,

D. A.

Keefer, C. J. Stohr

(Cirular 541,

88

p., 1.75).

Four field-scale experimental covers were

designed, constructed, and monitored. Multi

layered soil covers were found to be superior to

single-layered covers; an important feature of

the multilayered covers is the ability

of

the

coarse-grained layer to remove moisture from

the system through drain tiles.The authors also

investigated methods

to

limit infiltration through

trench covers by reviewing current practices,

testing geologic materials, and simulating

some

cover designs.

C546

Geological and hydrologi cal factors for siting

hazardous

or

low-level radioactive waste

disposal facilities, by Richard C. Berg andJohn

M. Shafer (Circular

546, 61

p.,

1.75).

This report outlines a systematic, multistep

approach to the selection and characterization

of candidate sites for the disposal of hazardous

and low-level radioactive wastes. Using Illinois

as an example, the authors detail the data re

quirements and evaluation criteria for three

distinct steps in the selection process: regional

directive screening, area screening, and site

characterization.The goal

of

the approach is

to

identify geologically stable sites that offer natural

barriers

to

the migration of contaminants.

See reverse side for order information


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Quaternary Loess and Glacial Record of Southwestern Illinois

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