RADICULAR CYST

Maryam ArbabHouse OfficerSBDC

INTRODUCTION

•Cyst is pathological fluid-filled cavity lined by epithelium.

COMPONENT OF CYST:1. Lumen (cavity) 2. Wall (capsule)3. Epithelial lining

CYST

NON - ODONTOGENIC

DEVELOPMENTAL INFLAMMATORY Nasopalatine duct (incisive canal) cyst

Nasolabial (nasoalveolar) cyst

CLASSIFICATION

TYPES OF CYSTS

ODONTOGENIC NON - ODONTOGENIC

Odontogenic keratocyst

Dentigerous (follicular) cyst Eruption cyst

Lateral periodontal cyst

Gingival cyst of infants (Epstein

pearls) Gingival cyst of

adults Glandular

odontogenic cyst Orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst

Radicular cyst Apical

Lateral Residual

Paradental cyst

RADICULAR CYST

•An odontogenic cyst derived from Cell Rests of Malassez that proliferate in response to inflammation.

Also known as :• Apical Periodontal Cyst• Periapical Cyst• Root End Cyst

TYPES OF RADICULAR CYST

•1. Apical 70%•2. Lateral 20%•3. Residual

Most common location:• Maxillary anterior region• Maxillary posterior region• Mandibular posterior region• Mandibular anterior region

EPIDEMIOLOGY

• Common – Constitutes approx one half to three fourth of all cysts in the jaws

• Relative frequency: 60-70%

• Frequent in ages between 20-60 years (rarely in <10years age) (Peaks in third through sixth decades)

• Maxilla is 3 times more affected than mandible

• M/F ratio: 3:2

CLINICAL FEATURES•Usually asymptomatic

•Slowly progressive If infection enters, the swelling becomes painful & rapidly expands (partly due to inflammatory edema)

• Initially swelling is round & hard.

• Later, part of wall is resorbed leaving a soft fluctuant swelling, bluish in color, beneath the mucous membrane.

•When bone has been reduced to egg shell thickness, a crackling sensation may be felt on pressure.

PATHOGENESIS CARIES, TRAUMA, PERIODONTAL DISEASE, PULPAL NECROSIS ( Death of Dental Pulp ) Necrotic Debris is Inflammatory Stimulus PERIAPICAL INFLAMMATION

PERIAPICAL GRANULOMA Composed of granulation tissue, scar & inflammatory cells

PROVIDE RICH VASCULAR AREA TO RESTS OF MALASSEZ

RESTS OF MALASSEZ PROLIFERATE

FORM LARGE MASS OF CELLS

INNER CELLS OF MASS DEPRIVED OF NOURISHMENT UNDERGO LIQUEFACTION NECROSIS

FORMATION OF A CAVITY IN THE CENTRE OF GRANULOMA

RADICULAR CYST / PERIAPICAL CYST Cyst wall separates from bone due to pulpal irritation

DIAGNOSISDiagnosis is done by the combination of :•Radiographic appearances.•A non vital tooth.•Appropriate histopathological appearances.•By definition, a non vital tooth is necessary for the

diagnosis of a periapical cyst.

Clinical Findings

Signs And Symptoms:• Small radicular cysts do not usually become acutely infected, are

frequently asymptomatic, and can be identified on routine dental x-rays.

• Larger cysts may produce expansion of the bone, displacement of tooth roots, and crepitus on palpating the expanded alveolar plate.

• The discoloration of non vital teeth along with a negative response of the affected tooth to electric pulp testing or ice are the presenting signs.

In addition, infected radicular cysts are painful, the involved tooth is sensitive to percussion, and there may be swelling of the overlying soft tissues and lymphadenopathy.

RADIOGRAPHIC FEATURES

• Identical to periapical granuloma. • Since the lesion is a chronic progressive one

developing in a pre-existing granuloma • cyst may be of greater size than granuloma • due to longer duration • Occasionally, exhibits thin, radiopaque line

around the periphery of radiolucent area.• Radiolucency associated is generally round to

ovoid.• Indicates reaction of bone to slowly

expanding mass.

•Majority cysts <1.5 cm in diameter.• Long standing cysts: May cause resorption of

offending tooth and occasionally of adjacent teeth.•Periapical cyst is well circumscribed.•Distinct line of cortication seperating it from the

surrounding teeth.•May be associated with the resorption of apices of

teeth, displacement of teeth or both.

Differential Diagnosis•Periapical granuloma•Previously treated apical pathology, surgical defect or

periapical scar•Periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia (early

dysplasia)•Traumatic bone cyst•Odontogenic tumors•Giant cell lesions•Metastatic diseases•Primary osseous tumors

TREATMENT•Root canal filling ( removal of necrotic pulp; the

inflammatory stimuli ).

•Extraction of the involved non-vital tooth & curettage of apical zone.

•Root canal filling in association with apicoectomy (direct curettage of the lesion).

•Surgery ( apicoectomy and curretage ) is performed for lesions that are persistent, indicating the presence of a cyst or inadequate root canal treatment.

• If the cyst is incompletely removed residual cyst.

• Continued growth of the cyst can cause significant bone resorption along with weakening of the maxilla and mandible.

• Enucleation • Marsupialization

Residual Periapical Cyst

Lateral Periapical Cyst

Lateral Periapical

Cyst