ZAG ZYKLOTRON AG
Radionuclide Technique in Mechanical Engineering RTM
A high A high precisionprecision measuringmeasuring methodmethod forfor wearwear andand
corrosioncorrosion diagnosisdiagnosis on on operatingoperating enginesengines and and machinesmachines
Principle of an Thin-Layer-Activation at a Cyclotron
1: evacuated beam line 3: aperture, a thin foil
2: diaphragm (slit) 4: ion beam (Protons or Deuterons)
Principle of an Thin-Layer-Activation at a Cyclotron
0
10
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30
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60
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90
100
0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3
Depth in the Material [ mm ]
Arb
itra
ry U
nit
s
SM
Total activity
specific activity
Activity-versus-Depth Distribution in the material (real measurement)
0,0
0,1
0,2
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1,0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Depth in Material [ µm]
Rela
tive I
nte
nsit
y
Detector
Energy region
Material
SM = 40 +/- 2 µm SR = 67 +/- 2 µm
: 3 x 3 " NaI(Tl)
: total spectrum
: 60% Fe; 14% Ni; 23% Cr
:
:
Principle of a Concentration Measurement
Control and
evaluation unit
Engine with activated component
Activated material sample
CMD FMD RMD
Principle of a Thin Layer Difference Measurement
Control and
evaluation unit
Engine with activated component Activated material sample
TLD Detector RMD
Principle of a Thin Layer Difference Measurement
The total wear is proportional to the remaining counting rate of the activated part.
Example: 75% of the starting activity ► Wear depth 17 µm
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1,0
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Depth in Material [ µm]
Rela
tive In
ten
sit
y
RTM Wear Measurement System
CP42 Compact Cyclotron KAZ
Heavy Cast Iron Crankcase in Activation Position
Crankcase made of Aluminium in Activation Position
Crankcase of a Truck , Activation of a Camshaft Bearing
TR19/9 Mini Cyclotron MIZ
Beam Line to RTM Activation Facility at MIZ
RTM Activation Facility at MIZ
RTM Activation Facility at MIZ
Principle of an Activation at a Cyclotron
Typical Parts for a Two-Component-Measurement
Typical Parts for a Two-Component-Measurement
Labeled Areas on Tappets
Co-56
Labeled Areas on Cams
Co-57
Two-Component-Measurement Example Wear Depth
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0,02
0,04
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0,08
0,1
0,12
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Test time [min]
We
ar
de
pth
[µm
]
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
Sp
eed
[1/m
in]
1,8 nm/h
2,1 nm/h
0,13 nm/h
2,4 nm/h
1,15 nm/h
4,2 nm/h
Measurement Example
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0,05
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0,25
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0,35
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0,45
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Test Time [min]
We
ar
ma
ss
[m
g ]
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1000
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6000
7000
8000
9000
Ro
tati
on
Sp
ee
d [
1/m
in ]
62 µg/h
wear rate = 0 µg/h 50 µg/h
10 µg/h
Measurement Example
0
0,05
0,1
0,15
0,2
0,25
0,3
0,35
0,4
0,45
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
Test Time [min]
Wea
r m
as
s [m
g ]
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2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
Ro
tati
on
Sp
ee
d [
1/m
in ]
CMD+FMD CMD FMD Speed
62 µg/h
wear rate = 0 µg/h 50 µg/h
10 µg/h
Measurement Example
Measurement Example
Measurement Example
New Labelling Technologies
• Activation Diamond Like Carbon DLCThickness of DLC layer only some µm
• Implantation of 7Be into Plastic MaterialProject supported by AiF (Arbeitsgemeinschaft industrieller Forschungsvereinigungen)
Partner in this Project: IAVF Antriebstechnik GmbH, Karlsruhe
Setup for the Activation of DLC Parts with 3He-beam
12C (3He,2α) 7Be
3 Piston Rings Tappet
3,3 nm/h1,0 nm/h
0,5 nm/h
20
45
70
95
120
145
0 15 30 45 60 75Laufzeit
Ver
sch
leiß
xx
x
F
läch
enp
ress
un
g
xx
x
0
0,03
0,06
0,09
0,12
Rei
bko
effi
zie
nt
nm
N/mm2
h0 15 30 45 60 75Running Time / h
DLC-layer free of metall in a high load test
3 m/s sliding speed
125 °C oil temperature
DLC-COATINGS
pin-on-disc-tribometerlubricant: engine oil
IAVFAntriebstechnik GMBH
145
120
95
70
45
20
Su
rface
Pre
ssu
re/
N/m
m2
Wear
/ n
m
0.12
0.09
0.06
0.03
0
0.5 nm / h
1.0 nm / h
3.3 nm / h
0 15 30 45 60 75
Fri
cti
on
Co
eff
icie
nt
Standard Deviation of
Wear Depth: 1.3 %
IAVFAntriebstechnik GMBH
SYNTHETIC MATERIALSliding surface: PTFE based coating;
wear rate after run-in; 0.5 m/s sliding speedbearing test benchlubricant: diesel
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
0,01
0,02
0,03
0,04
0,05
0,06
0,07
0,08
Ver
sch
leiß
nm
Rei
bkoee
ffiz
ient
0,22 nm/h
0,20 nm/h
25
50
75
100
125
150
0 20 40 60 80
1
2
3
4
5
6
Imp
uls
e
Laufzeit
Imp./min
Flä
chen
pre
ssung
h
N/mm²
1200
1100
1000
900
800
700
600
500
Wear
/ n
m
150
125
100
75
50
25Co
un
tR
ate
per
min
0 20 40 60 80 h
Running Time
Fri
cti
on
Co
eff
icie
nt0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
6
5
4
3
2
1
N/m
m2
Su
rface
Pre
ssu
re
0.22 nm/h
0.20 nm/h
Standard Deviation of Wear Depth: 1,5 %
ZAG ZYKLOTRON AG
Thank you for your attention!
Any questions ?
