PROGRESS SEMINAR ON

AUTOMATIC RAIL GATE CONTROL

PRESENTED BY:

SAJAL DAS (94026)

MITUL THAKURIA (94027)

ABHIJIT BARUAH (104132)

A.VILASH REDDY (94050)

Guided by

M. BABITA DEVI:

PLAN OF TALK:

INTRODUCTION

BLOCK DIAGRAM

WORKING PRINCIPLE

EXPLANATION OF

IC AT89C2051

• IC 74LS245

• STEPPER MOTOR

• RELAY

• INFRARED

ALGORITHM

CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION:

An automatic railway gate control at unmanned level

crossings replacing the gates operated by gate keepers

and also the semi automatically operated gates. It deals

with two things.

Firstly, it deals with the reduction of time for which the

gate is being kept closed.

And secondly, to provide safety to the road users by

reducing the accidents that usually occur due to

carelessness of road users and at times errors made by

the gatekeepers.

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

AT89C2051 MICROCONTROLLER:

The AT89C2051 is a low-voltage, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 2K bytes of Flash programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM).

The Device is manufactured using high-density non-volatile memory technologyand is compatible with the industry-standard MCS-51 instruction set.

By combining a Versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, the AT89C2051 is a powerful Microcomputer which provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many Embedded control applications.

FEATURES:

Compatible with MCS-51™ Products

2K Bytes of Reprogrammable Flash Memory

Endurance: 1,000 Write/Erase Cycles

2.7V to 6V Operating Range

Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHz

Two-level Program Memory Lock

128 x 8-bit Internal RAM

15 Programmable I/O Lines

Two 16-bit Timer/Counters

Six Interrupt Sources

Programmable Serial UART Channel

Direct LED Drive Outputs

On-chip Analog Comparator

Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes

PIN diagram of AT89C2051

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

74LS245

The SN54/74LS245 is an Octal Bus

Transmitter/Receiver designed for8-line asynchronous

2-way data communication between data buses.

Direction Input (DR) controls transmission of Data

from bus A to bus B or bus B to bus a depending upon

its logic level. The Enable input (E) can be used to

isolate the buses.

Hysteresis Inputs to Improve Noise Immunity

2-Way Asynchronous Data Bus Communication

Input Diodes Limit High-Speed Termination

Effects

ESD > 3500 Volts

LOGIC DIAGRAM AND TRUTH TABLE:

RELAYS:

•A relay is an electrically operated switch.

Many relays use an electromagnet to

operate a switching mechanism, but other

operating principles are also used.

•Relays find applications where it is

necessary to control a circuit by a low-power

signal, or where several circuits must be

controlled by one signal.

WORKING:

USES OF RELAYS:

•Control a high-voltage circuit with a low-voltage signal, as in some types of

modems or audio amplifiers,

•Control a high-current circuit with a low-current signal, as in the starter

solenoid of an automobile,

•Detect and isolate faults on transmission and distribution lines by opening and

closing circuit breakers (protection relays),

IR TRANSMITTER:

IR RECEIVER:

STEPPER MOTOR:

• A stepper motor (or step motor) is a

brushless, synchronous electric motor that can divide

a full rotation into a large number of steps.

• The motor's position can be controlled precisely

without any feedback mechanism, as long as the

motor is carefully sized to the application.

.

CHARACTERISTICS:

•Stepper motors are constant power devices.

•As motor speed increases, torque decreases.

•Steppers exhibit more vibration than other motor types, as the

discrete step tends to snap the rotor from one position to another.

•This vibration can become very bad at some speeds and can cause

the motor to lose torque (or lose direction).

ALGORITHM:

STEP 1: Start.

STEP 2: Set the variables.

STEP 3: Make initial settings of the signals for the train and road

users.

STEP 4: Check for the arrival of the train in either direction by the

sensors. If the train is sensed go to STEP 5. Otherwise repeat

STEP 4.

STEP 5: Make the warning signal for the road users and set the

signal for the train.

STEP 6: Check for the presence of the obstacle using sensors. If

there is no obstacle go to STEP 7. Otherwise repeat STEP 6.

STEP 7: Close the gate and stop the buzzer warning.

STEP 8: Change the signal for the train.

STEP 9: Check for the train departure by the sensors. If the train

sensed go

to next STEP. Otherwise repeat STEP 9.

STEP 10: Open the gate. STEP 11: Go to STEP 3.

STEP 12: Stop.

FLOWCHART

The project is an approach to provide the security to our

INDIAN RAILWAY transportation. This electronics project

is developed for the reduction of human effort. This

electronic project is an approach to the modern

transportation system.

CONCLUSION:

REFERENCE:

•http://www.seminarprojects.com/search.php

•WWW.SKITRONICS.COM

•WWW.WIKIPEDIA.ORG

•WWW.GOOGLE.COM