Ramsar Related Works in Indonesia

RAMSARs CEPA- WWD

Annual WWD celebrated by many institutions in Indonesia (incl. Government, private sectors, NGOs, Universities, Community). In 2015, at least 5 sites celebrated WWD (in Aceh, Banten, Jogja, NTT, Gorontalo)

Various type of awareness campaigns materials relevant to wetlands have been produced (e.g. posters, flyers, comics, nature films, cartoon films for children, brochures, radio dialogues, radio campaigns)

Indonesia Ramsar sites website have been developed and integrated with Wetlands Internationals web site

Major threats on Indonesias Peatlands and Actions that have been made

Indonesia Peatlands (21 Million Ha): mostly located in Sumatera (7.2 Mill Ha), Papua (7.9 Mill Ha0< Kalimantan (5.8 Mill Ha).

Most conservation areas (including Ramsar sites) consisted of peatland (eg. Berbak NP, Sembilang NP, Danau Sentarum NP, Sebangau NP)

Many peatland (more than 8 mill Ha) in Indonesia (beyond conservation areas have been converted into oil palm plantation, acacia plantation and agriculture). All plantation require drainage (length of drainage canals abouit 200-250 m/ha of land)

Threats on peatlands mainly due to drainage, which cause dryness, peatland fire, GHG emissions, subsidence

Peatland dryness causes GHG emission (due to oxidation and fire) and subsidence

Peatland subsidence (anticipated 2 12 cm/year) caused peat depression and inundation.

Blocking of canals (in order to increase the peatland water table is the only solution to avoid peat oxidation, peat fire and peat subsidence) . Manual for such practices have been developed by WII and MoEF; and also have been regulated under PP No 71/2014

In order to tackle peatland degradation, the Government of Indonesia has issued a number of peatland related policies (the latest is PP No 71/2014 regarding the protection and management of peatland ecosystem); and at regional level Indonesia has ratified AATHP (Asean Agreement on Trans-boundary Haze pollution) under UU No 26/2014.

President Instruction on Moratorium on Granting of New Licenses and Improvement of Natural Primary Forest and Peatland Governance (InPres No.: 10/2011 extended until May 2015 (No. 6/2013)

Nama Pulau Nama Provinsi Luas lahan gambut

(ha)

Simpanan Carbon

(mill ton C) (% area)

Papua (2006)

1. Papua 5,689,992 2.530,84 71,34

2. Irian Jaya Timur 1,311,246 773,90 16,44

3. Irian Jaya Barat 974,217 318,11 12,22

Total Papua 7,975,455 3.622,84 100,00

Sumatera (2003)

1 Lampung 87,567 35.94 1.22

2 Sumsel 1.420.042 1,470.28 20.65

3 Jambi 716,839 1,413.19 9.83

4 Riau 4,043,601 14,605.04 56.19

5 Bengkulu 63,052 30.53 0.88

6 Sumbar 210,234 422.23 2.92

7 Sumut 325,295 377.28 4.52

8 Aceh 274,051 458.86 3.81

Total Sumatera 7,204,301 18,813.37 100

Kalimantan (2004)

Kalbar

1,729,980.00 3,625.19 29.99

Kalteng 3,010,640.00 6,351.52 52.18

Kaltim

696,997.00 1,211.91 12.08

Kalsel 331,629.00 85.94 5.75

Total Kalimantan 5,769,246.00 11,274.55 100

Tabel 1. Luas, sebaran dan simpanan karbon di lahan gambut Indonesia berdsarkan hasil

kajian Wetlands International Indonesia 2003, 2004 dan 2006

Berapa emisi GHG dapat diturunkan jika PP No 71/2014 diterapkan (yaitu muka air tanah dipertahankan 0,4 m)

Emisi 35 ton CO2/Ha/th

(muka air tanah 40 cm)

Emisi 95 ton CO2/Ha/th

(muka air tanah 100 cm)

Emission saving =

60 ton CO2/Ha/th

Jika PP71/2014 diterapkan

Jika PP 71/2014 diterapkan akan terjadi penurunan emisi (Emission Savings) sekitar 60

ton CO2/Ha/tahun (asumsi dibandingkan jika air tanah dibiarkan turun hingga 1 meter,

dimana emisi pada kondisi demikian = 95 ton CO2/Ha/th)

Emisi GRK meningkat dengan semakin dalamnya muka air tanah gambut di tropis, temperate dan boreal http://www.geog.le.ac.uk/carbopeat/media/pdf/wg3flyer.pdf ).

Kebijakan terkait pengelolaan lahan gambut di Indonesia

Keppres 32/1990 tentang Kawasan Lindung

Permentan No 14 /FL.110/2/2009. Pedoman Pemanfaatan Lahan Gambut Untuk Budidaya Kelapa sawit

PerPres No. 61/2011 RAN GRK (penurunan emisi GRK)

InPres No.: 10/2011 dilanjutkan ke No. 6/2013 (tentang Moratorium) s/d May 2015

PP NO 150/2000 : Pengendalian Kerusakan Tanah untuk Produklsi Biomasa

No. 71 / 2014: Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Ekosistem Gambut

LoI Norwegia-RI, May

2010 : Penurunan GRK

P&C RSPO

2013 dst UU No 18/2004 :

Perkebunan

Bab XI: Pidana

(Kebakaran dll) & UU

24/2007 Kebencanaan

1990 2000 2010

Tindak lanjut: (a) Bali Action Plan UNFCCC-COP 13,

2009; (b) COP-15 Copenhagen, 2009; (c) COP-16 di

Cancun, 2010; (d) G-20 di Pittsburg, 2009, terkait

komitmen RI menurunkan emisi GRK (26% & 41%

pada 2020,

UU No 26/2014

AATHP

Kebijakan di atas akan lebih banyak jika dikaitkan isu kebakaran gambut dll

Blocking Canal di ex PLG-Kalteng oleh WII: Perkembangan lokasi di sekitar bendung

dan kondisi fisik bendung sejak 2003, 2004 dan 2009 (Foto oleh Suryadiputra)

Kondisi bendung SPU-1 No.1 eks PLG-Kalteng setelah ditanamai vegetasi di

atasnya, 2005 2007 (Foto: Alue Dohong).

Major threats on Indonesias Mangroves

Indonesia Mangrove (3,2 Million Ha): mostly located in Sumatera (0,4 Mill Ha), Papua (2,5 Mill Ha), Kalimantan (0,3 Mill Ha).

Some of coastal conservation areas (including Ramsar sites) consisted of mangroves (eg. Berbak NP, Sembilang NP)

Some mangrove areas associated with peatlands (eg Sembilang NP in south Sumatera) and even underneath the mangrove, peat is found (eg Tanjung Panjang NP in Gorontalo)

Many mangrove ecosystem (more than 2 mill Ha) in Indonesia (beyond conservation areas) have been converted into fish/shrimp ponds and recently into oil palm plantation).

In order to tackle mangrove degradation, the Government of Indonesia has issued a number of mangrove related policies (the latest is PerPres No 73/2012 regarding the National Strategy on Mangrove Management)

Indonesia, under the OBIT/One Billlion Indonesian Trees, have annually rehabilitated mangrove areas

Wetlands International Indonesia, alone has rehabilitated more than 5 millions mangrove trees (in ACEH after the tsunami, in Jambi, South Sumatera, in Tomini Bay-Sulawesi, in Banten, Central Java, in Bali, in Flores etc) with more than 75% trees survived

No RegionOriginal size

(ha)Fish Ponds/

Tambak(ha)

Remaining(ha)

Protected(ha)

1 Sumatera 857,000 43,514 485,025 61,900

2 Kalimantan 1,092,000 9,370 353,450 78,000

3 Java and Bali 171,500 109,013 19,577 2,600

4 Nusa Tenggara 38,600 5,207 25,300 2,500

5 Sulawesi 272,500 82,394 97,902 6,300

6 Maluku 197,500 68 100,000 21,500

7 Irian Jaya 4,129,000 68 2,450,185 680,900

Total 6,758,100 249,634 3,441,439 853,700

*) source: Wetland Data Base 1997. Wetlands International Indonesia Programme

PPSDALBakosurtanal (2009) : Total Indonesias Mangrove = 3,244,018 Ha)

Spalding M., et al., 2010 in the World Atlas of Mangroves (Indonesia was

reported to have 3,189,359 Ha

Mangrove distributions in Indonesia *)

Perluasan Cagar Alam Pulau Dua, Banten melalui

pembangunan perangkap sedimen oleh WII pada th 2012

(foto di ambil April 2015)

Mangrove Rehabilitation behind Pulau Dua Nature Reserve by WIIP 2009 2023 (Photo taken in March 2013)

Kr Tunong Aceh Jaya, 2005 (setelah tsunami)

Kr Tunong Aceh Jaya, 2014 (setelah di

rehabilitasi WII)

Mangrove rehabilitation within fish pond

areas behind Pulau Dua NP, Banten

Mangrove Training/Tourisms Center

within fish pond areas behind Pulau Dua

NP, Banten