RATIONALE AND DEVELOPMENT SCIENCE

HISTORY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

Woodrow Wilson(1886)

Through his first work entitled "The study of administration,

was a milestone in the development of early ideas of

public administration".

Thought Wilson was born due to an error in politics in the country due to political

intervention at all administrative bodies.

The separation between politics and administration (dichotomy between

Politics and Administration)

Wilson advocated four concepts:

1. Separation of politics and administration 2. Comparative analysis of political and

private organizations 3. Improving efficiency with business-like

practices and attitudes toward daily operations

4. Improving the effectiveness of public service through management and by training civil servants, merit-based assessment

Frederick Winslow Taylor (1912)

Appears because productivity needs Focus on study time for each job Learn the best and fastest method to

do the job Differential payment system

Principles of Scientific Management

Developing Science (Scientific Working Method)

Scientific Recruitment & Training

Workers supervision Scientifically

harmonization Relationship

Marx Weber (1922)

From Bureaucracy to Administration

Ideal bureaucracy is on the staff of the ideal bureaucracy

Construction ideal bureaucracy found in his Politics as a Vacation (1918) in his speech at the University of Munich

Starting with the concept of "state" (state), Weber looked at the state of facilities / equipment owned and not of "purpose" of his

1. Devision of labour to work2. The principle of herarkhi within the organization3. System of rule or code4. The ideal employee is an employee who works

on the spirit of formalistic impersonality or sine era et studio

5. The existence of a career system in work

Weber's Ideal Bureaucracy

Luther Halsey Gulick (POSDCORB) (1937)

In order to encourage and institutions respond to emergencies at hand

Famous with Acronym POSDCORB

Planning (Perencanaan): Development in outline activities to be undertaken and the methods of implementation of the work to achieve the objectives set for the company.

Organizing (Pengorganisasian): Preparation of a formal authority structure based sub-section - subsection jobs created and coordinated to achieve the intended purpose.

Staffing (Penyusunan Tenaga Kerja): Staffing function entirely on revenue and employee training and maintenance of working conditions are favorable.

Directing (Pembimbing/Mengarahkan): The task of leading the company on an ongoing basis through decisions and make it happen in the commands and instructions general and specific.

Coordinating (Koordinasi): The task of connecting the various parts work is important.

Reporting (Pelaporan): Job informing people about the state of the job supervisor through the records and reports.

Budgeting (Penganggaran): The tasks of planning, accounting, and financial control.

Herbert Alexander Simon (1948)

Bounded Rationality for Decision Making

Theories of Bounded rationality is Theories that in corporate

constrains on the information – processing capacities of the actor

Bounded Rationality in Design

Classical Decision Theory has been concerned with choice

among given alternatives. Design is concerned with the discovery and elaboration of

alternatives.

George H Frederickson (1950an – 1970an)

New Public Administration

OPA NPA

OPA:1. focus has been on

top-level management or

2. the basic auxiliary staff services (budgeting, organization and management, systems analysis, planning, personnel, purchasing).

3. The existence aspects of efficiency and Economical

NPA:

Incorporating Social Equity

Does the service enhance social

equity?

NPA believed that social problems can be address more easily by

modifying, developing, or changing institutions to achieve good management, efficiency, economic, and social equity.

4 Basic Processes in Understanding and Improving

Public Administration

The Distributive Process

The Integrative

Process

The Socioemotional

Process

The Boundary-Exchange Process

David Osborne (1980an)

NPM thinking model proposed by David Osborne and Ted Gaebler (1992) the concept of "Reinventing Government" is suggested that meyuntikkan or provide entrepreneurial spirit into the state administration system.

New Public Management (NPM)

10 principles of entrepreneurial government

1. Government catalyst; 2. Government belongs to the people; 3. Government kompetetif; 4. Government is driven by the mission; 5. Results-oriented government; 6. Customer-oriented government; government that

meets the needs of customers not bureaucracy. 7. Entrepreneurial government; 8. anticipatory governance 9. Decentralized government; 10. Market-oriented government.

Denhardt & Denhardt

New Public Service (NPS)

OPA NPM

NPS

Engaging

The important Concept of NPS

1. Serve Citizens, Not Customers2. Seek the Public Interest3. Value Citizenship over Entrepreneurship4. Think Strategically, Act Democratically5. Recognize that Accountability Isn’t

Simple6. Serve Rather than Steer7. Value People, Not Just Productivity