R.e.a.r.e.REFORMATION

Medieval Europe

• Feudalism • Crusades, Plague, Barbarian

invasions, lead poisoning, it all ended Feudalism. • Fear of Authority, God • and the Catholic Church

Medieval Church

Church Authority

The Catholic Church was the only Church in Western Europe.

The Bible was only to be read by Priests or Bishops.

Church services were only in the Latin Language.

Life of a Monk

Catholic Priest– Community Work– Prayer– Rest– Penance – Working in the

Monastery– Preparing Meals

Corruption in the Church• Indulgences The selling of documents for the forgiveness

of sins.

• Simony Taking money For positions in the church

Pope Leo X spentThe Vatican’s moneyIn 1 year!

Corruption of the Church

Martin Luther, a German Monk, wrote and posted on a church door Oct. 31st 1517

95 thesis (list of complaints against

Catholic Church Corruption.

Justification by faith was Martin’s preaching that salvation came from faith, not just doing good deeds or paying tithing.

1520, he broke from Church and created Lutheranism. Kept Baptism Eucharist and clergy.

Religious Movement Protestant Reformation Period of Change due to church corruption

1450-1520

Erasmus is Creator of Christian Humanism as a Catholic Priest, like Luther. He did not believe in Luther’s ideas of change.

Martin Luther - German Monk

Ulrich Zwingli - Swiss Monk

Followers of LutherHe failed In his missionary work and was killed, cut up and burned. Body scattered!

John Calvin- Calvinism Predestination - A Concept added to

Lutheranism by Calvin (more popular) Your life is Pre-determined before birth, so

good deeds you do in life won’t change that path.

Led Protestant Faith over Lutherans.

Henry the VIII (8th) England’s Renaissance Reformer

He had a mistress (Anne Boleyn); denied a divorce, started his own religion (Church of England) declared himself the head of state and Protestant church and Parliament told to give him a Divorce!

Enrichment Activity: Read the handout Henry VIII and

6 wives.

Ask Ms. Shari for the article to read. In your own, Vernacular

(which means what?)write 1 paragraph teaching me what you know after reading.

Reformation in England2 distinct stages or phases. 1st stage was limited, focused and driven by:

Henry VIII’s desire to leave 1st wife, Catherine of Aragon to marry

mistress Anne Boleyn. His reasons were personal and

political. Henry had little desire for church reform. Major changes in

religion took place, but not in religious practices.

2nd stage lasted until 1688 and called the Glorious Revolution.

Two sides - English Catholics v. Puritans. Henry VIII was supportive of the

Humanist Movement: (1) Henry did not want Mass, Sacraments or Priesthood (2)

Henry was awarded the title of Defender of the Catholic Faith from the Pope and he kept title even after he split from Rome.

Lutheranism and Calvinism had grown and he was interested…

In 1527, Henry decided to divorce Catherine of Aragon.His reason –He was forced to marry Catherine, his sister n law, and it violated Canon Law (God disapproved of their marriage

because of her miscarriages, stillbirths, and infant deaths. They had 1 daughter, Mary, who was 11 when parents

divorced. Henry married Catherine because she was first married to his elder brother Arthur before he died. Henry’s

father arranged the marriage. Marrying a brother’s widow was a violation of canon law, and that was his excuse. Henry made

a proper request but denied.The New Emperor of Rome, Charles V was the nephew to

Catherine. Huge problem for Pope Clement who did not want him mad, so he could not allow Henry a divorce.

July 1529, the case was heard in Rome. How to get a divorce without being excommunicated. Henry counted on English

Parliament and Thomas Cromwell. He wanted a divorce and Pope’s permission. HE DID NOT WANT RELIGIOUS

REFORM, JUST A DIVORCE. *Thomas Cromwell argued for Henry. England was an empire and Henry was the ruler so

he represented all English including the Catholics. Parliament passed the Act of Restraint of Appeals - No legal case would be appealed to Rome and that included Henry’s case SO, Henry VIII was declared the head of the Church of

England ( 1st Act of Supremacy) and his Divorce was Granted by the Archbishop of Canterbury in May of 1533. Henry had

secretly married Anne and she was pregnant. Parliament passed Act of Succession.

He demanded an oath to the new order from every one in his court and parliament. Those who refused were executed.

His 2nd wife Anne Boleyn was executed in 1536.(look up and find out what she was accused of and write it

down). This started the English Reformation and Revolt.

Pilgrimage of Grace was a Rebellion against Henry’s reforms. He took Catholic assets and closed

monasteries Led to the (Law) - Act of six Articles, declared by Parliament in 1539 (“six statements of

faith” not Lutheranism in practice). Thomas Cromwell was later executed in 1540 for his role in Henry marrying his 4th wife, Anne of Cleves (he

hated her and she was ugly).He had an affair with her lady, Jane Seymour, who

was his teenage 3rd wife and mother to Henry’s only son, Edward VI.

Edward VI (1547-1553) was king when Henry VIII died in 1547 at age 9.

The boy king Edward was raised as a Protestant (Church of England).

Under Edward, religious reform was about politics! First step in reformation was his first Prayer Book of

the Church of England. It was changed later due to rebellions over it’s words.

The Book explained the Church rules like Priests were allowed to marry.

Protestant Calvinism grew in England. Edward died in 1553 after ruling only 6 years.

Henry’s niece Jane ruled for 13 days until beheaded by Mary I (Bloody Mary)

Mary I, daughter of Catherine of Aragon, was raised Catholic. Married to the Prince of Spain. Loveless

marriage and childless. England changed back to Catholicism.

Mary Banned the Protestant Prayer Book and Catholic Priests returned to the churches. 300

Protestants resisted and were tried for heresy/executed. She was given the title of “Bloody Mary” because of her brutal torture of Protestants.

Lords were protected if they openly professed Catholic faith. This was seen as unfair.

Death of Mary I in 1558 after 5 years which ended terror and Catholic rule.

Elizabeth I, daughter of Anne Boleyn. Elizabeth was devout Protestant. She was

Successful in returning the Church of England and Protestant faith to England.

She did not persecute the Catholics nor other faiths, but ruled firmly in her faith.

Calvinism returned. The Prayer Book was allowed back and those who were Exiled filled empty spots left by Catholic Priests who left. The Anglican Church was firmly under state

control once again. Episcopalians got it start at this time (form of

Catholicism)

“The Elizabethan Settlement” returned England to the Reformation of Henry

VIII. The Anglican Church was headed by the monarchy “supremacy act”;

priests were ministers, they celebrated the last Supper, and had no Mass. The

official Prayer Book set down the rules. Lands from the old Catholic Church returned to (non-religious) owners.

In 1630 English Civil War broke out - Mary Stuart Queen of Scotland claimed the throne of

England because of the marriage of her grandfather James IV of Scotland to the eldest

sister (Margaret) of Henry VIII. Mary, Queen of Scots, was Margaret’s

daughterShe claimed that Elizabeth was the illegitimate child from a marriage never approved by the Pope; Elizabeth was a “Heretic” to Catholics

still living in England and Europe who thought her unworthy to reign as monarch.

Strictest ProtestantsAnabaptists

same as Amish and Mennonites

Dutch & SwissBorn Again through Adult Baptism.Refused Gov. Power or control, all

believers equal, Complete separation of church and state, pacifists.

Persecuted for not being Patriotic. They were the most persecuted of

all protestants.

Many escaped to America

What is an Anabaptist fork?

What do you know? Who was the 1st to introduce reformation and humanism? Think? It is

not Luther… What did Martin Luther post on his church door? How were copies distributed around Europe so easily? (think of an

invention). Was Catholic Corruption the reason for reformation in England?

Explain What does Predestination mean? What did Thomas Cromwell use as the argument for Henry to

divorce? What did Henry do to get his divorce and Parliament to declare him

Supreme Ruler of church and state? Why didn’t Bloody Mary take the throne from her little brother, as

she did from her cousin Jane? Why did Civil War Break out in England? Where did the Anabaptists escape to?