Recognizing:Incorporating Source Citations

Dr. Wesley Buerkle

To Recognize“That’s one!”

Give props

Where we’re NOT going

Textual ownershipNon-native English speakers (EL2)CryptomnesiaIntentional Plagiarism

Where we ARE goingLiterature on Inadvertent PlagiarismStudy 1: “Why do(n’t) you cite?”Study 2: Using Training ModulesStudy 3: Peer ModelingWhat we can do

Inadvertent Plagiarism

UncertaintyIncompetenceIndifferenceTroublesome

“Why do(n’t) you cite?”

Students’ Decision Process

“Why do(n’t) you cite?”Surveyed 326 ETSU students from

gen. ed., oral communication classesExamined likely intent to cite from

Expected OutcomesSocial NormConfidence

Theory of

Planned

Behavior

“Why do(n’t) you cite?”Expected Outcomes

Social NormConfidence

Citing sources will enhance credibility Citing source will enhance my credibility

• (6.2 [1 to 7])

Increasing my credibility is desirable • (2.5 (-3 to +3])

“Why do(n’t) you cite?”Expected Outcomes

Social NormConfidence

TeacherClassmate

“Why do(n’t) you cite?”Expected Outcomes

Social NormConfidenceCounterproductive

??

Using Training Modules*

Education Makes a Difference

*Funded by a grant from ETSU’s Instructional Development Committee

Using Training Modules 308 ETSU students

Instructional materials & mastery quizRequired of every student

Before first assignmentTicket to ride

Using Training Modules Online training (D2L)

What constitutes plagiarismBasic elements of a citationParaphrasingCitations for web sourcesUsing secondary sources

EXAMPLES

Using Training Modules

Mastery Quiz (D2L)

12 questions 38 question bank

Determined sections (11)

Mastery = 100%

For a speech on the role of peer pressure in high school students’ decision to drink excessively, which of the following is the MOST appropriate to use in a speech? A. Arata, Stafford, and Tims write in Adolescence, 2003, that “Problem

drinkers reported greater susceptibility to peer pressure.”

B. An article in Adolescence, a premier journal on teen behavior, contained an article in 2003 that “Problem drinkers reported greater susceptibility to peer pressure.”

C. Arata, Stafford, and Tims, respected researchers in the field of psychology, write in 2003, “Problem drinkers reported greater susceptibility to peer pressure.”

D. In Adolesence, 2003, pages 567-569, it says that “Problem drinkers reported greater susceptibility to peer pressure.”

Using Training Modules Speeches recorded and scored

Success!

Average 13% improvementVaried widely by instructor

Up to 25% improvement

Peer Modeling*

Students See, Students Do

*Funded by grants from ETSU’s Instructional Development Committee& Research Development Committee

Peer Modeling191 studentsStudents saw either

a video of an “ETSU student” speecha video of a “Purdue student” speechno video

Peer ModelingSpeeches recorded and scoredSuccess!

Having a model made a differenceSeeing the “ETSU student” improved scores

Students want to be credibleStudents are unsure of the howStudents can learn to recognizeSocial (classroom) norms matter

What, then, do we know?

What We Can Do

Possibilities

Talk about the Importance of RecognizingWhy recognizing is important

EthicalPractical (e.g., credibility)

Treat recognizing with importancePolicy and/or grade

Using D2L – TurnItIn Imperfect but very helpfulCan help students be more awareFrame as instructional not punitive

Literature Review – DRAFTLiterature Review – FINAL

Focus on TrainingSpend time on the processProvide examplesRequire evidence of masteryD2L QuizMinor assignment

In-class exercises

ModelingBad ModelingBooks/Articles

Minimize recognition Endnotes String citations May not “openly

name” researchers

Better ModelingBooks/Articles

Talk about incorporation Examples They Say/I Say

Address the readings Their goals

ModelingBetter Modeling

LecturesWe don’t recognize

Unquestioned expertPowerPoint

Citation slides Page addresses

LecturesRecognize sources

PowerPoint Recognize

• Non-parenthetical

Bad Modeling

Questions

Comments

Discussion