ReconstructionRECONSTRUCTION AFTER THE CIVIL

WAR

REBUILDING

*Had to rebuild everything

*Political

*Social

*Economic

LINCOLN’S PLAN

• *Preserve Union

• *Higher cause

• *forgiving peace

• *“with malice toward none, with charity for all”

• *Amnesty to most

• *10% of a state’s population must take oath before the state could rejoin the Union

• *Little mention of former slaves

RADICAL PLAN

• Radical Republicans

• *Harsher plan

• *Wade-Davis Bill of 1864 = very stringent terms, a majority of the number who had been alive and registered to vote in 1860 would have to swear an “ironclad” oath stating that they were now loyal and had never been disloyal. This was obviously impossible in any former Confederate state unless blacks were given the right to vote.

• *Martial Law

• *State could not rejoin Union until a majority takes oath

• *Bar former Confederate leaders from office

LINCOLN ASSASSINATED

• John Wilkes Booth assassinates Lincoln in Ford’s Theatre

• V-P Andrew Johnson becomes President

• President Johnson tried to follow Lincoln’s plan with additions

• Congress refuses plan/Congress wants to punish the South

Conditions in the South after the Civil War

• economy was totally destroyed• -currency worthless• -no transportation system• -no gov’t authority• -loss of slave labor: SOLUTION-

____________________________• -growth of gov’t to provide public

services

continued• -plantation owners hardest hit

Slaves gone Crops destroyed Fortunes lost Homes looted -some radicals thought land should be divided to slaves as payment for slavery

• -but land was never given to slaves

Post-War for freed slaves

• -many slaves left the plantations

• -looked for missing family

• -others simply moved to new areas

• -most did not have the money to buy any land

• -many of the poor could not leave: FREEDMEN HAD NO $ TO BUY LAND, LAND OWNERS HAD NO $ TO PAY WORKERS

• -tenant farming- PEOPLE PAID RENT FOR THE USE OF THE LAND

• -sharecroppers- PEOPLE FARMED THE LAND FOR A SHARE OF THE CROP.

• -the absent idea of “40 acres and a mule”• -cotton is no longer king

PLANTATIONS RESTORED

• -created to help former slaves adjust

• -provided education and schooling

• -helped former slaves find work

• -was never able to really help most former slaves

• -land reform was most basic need of former slaves

FREEDMAN’S BUREAU

• -North becomes weary of Reconstruction

• -Republicans split over Grant scandals

– Credit Mobilier

– Whiskey Ring

– -Panic of 1873

• -Radicals have less and less control over South

Reconstruction fervor fades

Compromise of 1877

•-Compromise is made•-Hayes wins the election •RESULTING IN:•-Northern troops withdrawa from the south•-Reconstruction ends•-Home Rule of South reverses many advances

Deal is Made

• -Black Codes• -Jim Crow laws- SEGREGATION, SUPPORTED

BY:• PLESSY v. FERGUSION- SEPARATE BUT

EQUAL -Segregation

-KKK • political, economic, social Financial

Control

New Rules

• -decline in freedoms • -end of Freedmen’s Bureau

• -end of voting • POLL TAXES • LITERACY TEST • -southern leaders ignored the

Constitution• 14th Amendment

(citizenship) • 15th Amendments (voting)

Segregation

• -southern economy eventually emerged stronger than before the war

• -more industry- TEXTILES• -better transportation• -whites were still in

control and blacks were denied citizenship

• -sharecropping replaced slavery

New South