182
REFERENCES
1. Abe, R., Hara, K., Sayama, K., Domen, K. and Arakawa, H. “Steady
hydrogen evolution from water on eosin Y-fixed TiO2 photocatalyst
using a silane-coupling reagent under visible light irradiation”, J.
Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., Vol. 137, pp. 63-69, 2006.
2. Abe, R., Sayama, K. and Arakawa, H. “Efficient hydrogen evolution
from aqueous mixture of I- and acetonitrile using a merocyanine dye-
sensitized Pt-TiO2 photocatalyst under visible light irradiation”,Chem. Phys. Lett., Vol. 362, pp. 441-444, 2002.
3. Abe, R., Sayama, K., Domen, K. and Arakawa, H. “A new type of
water splitting system composed of two different TiO2 photocatalysts
(anatase, rutile) and a IO3/I- shuttle redox mediator”, Chem. Phys.
Lett., Vol. 344, pp. 339-344, 2001.
4. Adish Kumar, S. “Degradation of phenolic wastewaters by coupled
solar photocatalytic and biological treatment processes”, Ph.D thesis,
pp. 242-249, 2008.
5. Aguado, M.A., Gimenez, J., Simarro, R. and Cervera-March, S. “A
new continuous device to perform S-L-G photocatalytic studies”,Solar Energy, Vol. 49, pp. 47-52, 1992.
6. Alam Khan, M., Shaheer Akhtar, M., Woo, S.I. and Yang, O.-B.
“Enhanced photoresponse under visible light in Pt ionized TiO2
nanotube for the photocatalytic splitting of water”, Catal. Comm.,
Vol. 10, pp. 1-5, 2008.
7. Alfano, O.M., Bahnemann, D., Cassano, A.E., Dillert, R. and
Goslich, R. “Photocatalysis in water environments using artificial andsolar light”, Catal. Today, Vol. 58, pp. 199-230, 2000.
8. Altas, L. and Buyukgungor, H. “Sulfide removal in petroleum
refinery wastewater by chemical precipitation”, J. Hazard. Mater.,
Vol. 153, pp. 462-469, 2008
183
9. APHA. “Standard methods for the examination of water andwastewater”, 17
thEdition, Washington D.C, 1989.
10. Ashokkumar, M. “An overview on semiconductor particulate
systems for photoproduction of hydrogen”, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy,
Vol. 23, pp. 427-438, 1998.
11. ATSDR, www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaq.html., 2001.
12. Augugliaro, V., Baiocchi, C., Bianco Prevot, A., Garcia-Lopez, E.,
Loddo, V., Malato, S., Marci, G., Palmisano, L., Pazzi, M. and
Pramauro, E. “Azo - dyes photocatalytic degradation in aqueous
suspension of TiO2 under solar irradiation”, Chemosphere, Vol. 49,pp. 1223-1230, 2002.
13. Augugliaro, V., Blanco Prevot, A., Caceres Vazquez, J., Garcia-
Lopez, E., Irico, A., Loddo, V., Malato Rodriguez, S., Marci, G.,
Palmisano, L. and Pramauro, E. “Photocatalytic oxidation of
acetonitrile in aqueous suspension of titanium dioxide irradiated bysunlight”, Adv. Environ. Res., Vol. 8, pp. 329-335, 2004.
14. Badawy, M.I., Ghaly, M.Y. and Ali, M.E.M. “Photocatalytic
hydrogen production over nanostructured mesoporous titania fromolive mill wastewater”, Desalination, Vol. 267, pp. 250-255, 2010.
15. Bagai, R. and Madamwar, D. “Prolonged evolution of photohydrogen
by intermittent supply of nitrogen using a combined system of
phormidium valderianum, halobacterrium halobium, and escherichia
coli”, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 23, pp. 545-550, 1998.
16. Bahnemann, D. “Photocatalytic water treatment: Solar energy
applications”, Solar Energy, Vol. 77, pp. 445-459, 2004.
17. Bai, S., Li, H., Guan, Y. and Jiang, S. “The enhanced photocatalytic
activity of CdS/TiO2 nanocomposites by controlling CdS dispersion
on TiO2 nanotubes”, Appl. Surf. Sci., Vol. 257, pp. 6406-6409,2011a.
18. Bai, X., Cao, Y. and Wu, W. “Photocatalytic decomposition of H2S
to produce H2 over CdS nanoparticles formed in HY-zeolite pore”,
Renewable Energy, Vol. 36, pp. 2589-2592, 2011.
184
19. Bai, X., Dan, W. and Peng, W. “Photodecomposition of H2S to H2
over CdxZn xS composite photocatalysts”, Rare Metals, Vol. 28,pp. 137-141, 2009.
20. Bandal, E.R., Arancibia-Bulnes, C.A., Orozco, S.L. and Estrada,
C.A. “Solar photoreactors comparison based on oxalic acid
photocatalytic degradation”, Solar Energy, Vol. 77, pp. 503-512,2004.
21. Bangun, J. and Adesina, A.A. “The Photodegradation kinetics of
aqueous sodium oxalate solution using TiO2 catalyst”, Appl. Catal.
A: General, Vol. 175, pp. 221-235, 1998.
22. Bao, N., Shen, L., Takata, T and Domen, K. “Self-Templated
synthesis of nanoporous CdS nanostructures for highly efficient
photocatalytic hydrogen production under visible light”, Chem.Mater., Vol. 20, pp. 110-117, 2008.
23. Behnajady, M.A., Modirshahla, N., Daneshvar, N. and Rabbani, M.
“Photocatalytic degradation of an azo dye in a tubular continuous-
flow photoreactor with immobilized TiO2 on glass plates”, Chem.Eng. J., Vol. 127, pp. 167-176, 2007.
24. Bekbolet, M., Lindner, M., Weichgrebe, D. and Bahnemann, D. W.
“Photocatalytic detoxification with the thin-film fixed-bed reactor
(TFFBR): Clean-up of highly polluted landfill effluents using a novel
TiO2-photo- catalyst”, Solar Energy, Vol. 56, pp. 455-469, 1996.
25. Bessekhouad, Y., Mohammed, M. and Trari, M. “Hydrogen
photoproduction from hydrogen sulfide on Bi2S3 catalyst”, Vol. 73,pp. 339-350, 2002.
26. Bhattacharya, R.G., Mandal, D.P., Bera, S.C. and Rohatgi-
Mukherjee. “Photoelectrosynthesis of dihydrogen via water-splitting
using Sx2-
(X= 1,2,3 …) as an analyte: A first step for a viable solar
rechargeable Battery”, Int. J. Hydrogen. Energy, Vol. 21,pp. 343-347, 1996.
27. Blanco-Galvez, J., Fernandez-Ibanez, D. and Malato - Rodriguez, S.
“Solar photocatalytic detoxification and disinfection of water: recent
overview”, Trans. ASME, Vol. 129, pp. 4-15, 2007.
185
28. Borgarello, E. and Serpone, N. “Photodecomposition of H2S in
aqueous alkaline media catalysed by RuO2-loaded alumina in the
presence of cadmium sulfide. Application of the inter-particle
electron transfer mechanism”, Inorganica Chimica Acta, Vol. 112,pp. 197-201, 1986.
29. Borgarello, E., Kalyanasundaram, K. and Gratzel, M. “Visible light
induced generation of hydrogen from H2S in CdS-Dispersions, hole
transfer catalysis by RuO2”, Helvetica Chimica Acta, Vol. 65,
pp. 243-248, 1982.
30. Borrell, L., Cervera - March, S., Gimenez, J. and Simarro, R. “A
comparative study of CdS-based semiconductor photocatalysts for
solar hydrogen production from sulphide+sulphite substrates”, SolarEnergy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 25, pp. 25-39, 1992.
31. Boulinguiez, B., Bouzaza, A., Merabet, S. and Wolbert, D.
“Photocatalytic degradation of ammonia and butyric acid in plug-
flow reactor: Degradation kinetic modeling with contribution of mass
transfer”, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., Vol. 200, pp. 254-261,2008.
32. Bouzaza, C. V. and Laplanche, A. “Photocatalytic degradation of
some VOCs in the gas phase using an annular flow reactor.
Determination of the contribution of mass transfer and chemical
reaction steps in the photodegradation process”, J. Photochem.Photobiol. A: Chem., Vol. 177, pp. 212-217, 2006.
33. Braham, R.J. and Harris, A.T. “Review of major design and scale-up
considerations for solar photocatalytic reactors”, Ind. Eng. Chem.Res., Vol. 48, pp 8890-8905, 2009.
34. Brandi, R.J., Rintoul, G. and Alfano, O.M. “Photocatalytic reactors
reaction kinetics in a flat plate solar simulator”, Catal. Today,Vol. 76, pp. 161-175, 2002.
35. Buhler, N., Meier, K. and Reber, J. “Photochemical hydrogen
production with cadmium sulfide suspensions”, J. Phy. Chem.,
Vol. 88, pp. 3261-3268, 1984.
36. Cassano, A.E. and Alfano, O.M. “Reaction engineering of suspended
solid heterogeneous photocatalytic reactors”, Catal. Today, Vol. 58,pp. 167-197, 2000.
186
37. Chan, A.H.C., Chan, C.K., Barford, J.P. and Porter, J.F. “Solar
photocatalytic thin film cascade reactor for treatment of benzoic acid
containing wastewater”, Water Research, Vol. 37, pp. 1125-1135,
2003.
38. Chen, X., Shen, S., Guo, L. and Mao, S.S. “Semiconductor-based
photocatalytic hydrogen generation”, Chem. Rev., Vol. 110,
pp. 6503-6570, 2010.
39. Clair, N. S., Mccarty, P.L. and Parkin, G.F. “Chemistry for
environmental engineering”, 4th
Edition, McGraw-Hill, International
Editions, 1994.
40. Cui, W., Feng, L., Xu, C., Lu, S. and Qiu, F. “Hydrogen production
by photocatalytic decomposition of methanol gas on Pt/TiO2 nano-
film”, Catal. Commun., Vol. 5, pp. 533-536, 2004.
41. Cullity, B. “Elements of X-ray diffraction”, Addision -Wesley,
Readin, Massachusetts, pp. 294, 1987.
42. Damodar, R.A. and Swaminathan, T. “Performance evaluation of a
continuous flow immobilized rotating tube photocatalytic reactor
(IRTPR) immobilized with TiO2 catalyst for azo dye degradation”,
Chem. Eng. J., Vol. 144, pp. 59-66, 2008.
43. Daneshvar, N., Rabbani, M., Modirshahla, N. and Behnajady, M.A.
“Photooxidative degradation of acid Red 27 in a tubular continuous-
flow photoreactor: Influence of operational parameters and
mineralization products”, J. Hazard. Mater., Vol. 118, pp. 155-160,
2005.
44. Darwent, J.R. and Porter, G. “Photochemical hydrogen production
using cadmium sulphide suspensions in aerated water”, J. Chem. Soc.
Chem. Commun., pp.145-146, 1981.
45. Das, D. and Verziroglu, T.N. “Hydrogen production by biological
processes: a survey of literature”, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 26,
pp. 13-28, 2001.
46. Daskalaki, V.M., Antoniadou, M., Li Puma, G., Kondarides, D.I. and
Lianos, P. “Solar light-responsive Pt/CdS/TiO2 photocatalysts for
hydrogen production and simultaneous degradation of inorganic or
organic sacrificial agents in wastewater”, Environ. Sci. Technol.,
Vol. 44, pp. 7200-7205, 2010.
187
47. De, G.C., Roy, A.M. and Bhattacharya, S.S. “Effect on the
photocatalytic production of hydrogen by Pt-loaded CdS andCdS/ZnS catalyst”, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 22, pp. 19-3, 1996.
48. De, G.C., Roy, A.M. and Bhattacharya, S.S. “Photocatalytic
production of hydrogen and concomitant cleavage of industrial waste
hydrogen sulfide”, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 20, pp. 127-131,1995.
49. Deshpande, A., Shah, P., Gholap, R.S. and Gupta, N.M. “Interfacial
and physico-chemical properties of polymer-supported CdS·ZnS
nanocomposites and their role in the visible-light mediated
photocatalytic splitting of water”, J. Colloid and Interface Sci.,Vol. 333, pp. 263-268, 2009.
50. Dijkstra, M.F.J., Buwalda, H., De Jong, A.W.F., Michorius, A.,
Winkelman, J.G.M. and Beenackers, A.A.C.M. “Experimental
comparison of three reactor designs for photocatalytic waterpurification”, Chem. Eng. Sci., Vol. 56, pp. 547-555, 2001.
51. Dijkstra, M.F.J., Michorius, A., Buwalda, H., Panneman, H.J.,
Winkelman, J.G.M. and Beenackers, A.A.C.M. “Comparison of the
efficiency of immobilized and suspended systems in photocatalytic
degradation”, Catal. Today, Vol. 66, pp. 487-494, 2001a.
52. Dionysiou, D.D., Suidan, M.T., Baudin, I. and La né, J.M.
“Oxidation of organic contaminants in a rotating disk photocatalytic
reactor: reaction kinetics in the liquid phase and the role of mass
transfer based on the dimensionless Damköhler number”,
Appl. Catal. B: Envi., Vol. 38, pp. 1-16, 2002.
53. Doede, C.M. and Walker, C.A. “Photochemical engineering”, Chem.
Eng., Vol. 62, pp. 159-178, 1955.
54. Douglus, C.M. “Design and analysis of experiments”, 5th
edition,John Wiley and Sons, Singapore, pp. 150 - 164, 2004.
55. Enea, O. and Bard, A.J. “Photoredox reactions at semiconductor
particles incorporated into clays. CdS and ZnS + CdS mixtures in
colloidal montmorillonite suspensions”, J. Phy. Chem., Vol. 90,
pp. 301-306, 1986.
188
56. Escudero, J.C., Cervera - March, S., Gimenez, J. and Simarro, R.
“Preparation and characterization of Pt(RuO2)/TiO2 catalysts: Test in
a continuous water photolysis system”, J. Catal., Vol. 123,
pp. 319-332, 1990.
57. Escudero, J.C., Simarro, R., Cervera - March, S. and Gimenez, J.
“Rate-controlling steps in a three-phase (solid-liquid-gas)
photoreactor: A phenomenological approach applied to hydrogen
photoproduction using Pt-TiO2 aqueous suspensions”, Chem. Eng.
Sci., Vol. 44, pp. 583-593, 1989.
58. Faramarzpour, M., Vossoughi, M. and Borghei, M. “Photocatalytic
degradation of furfural by titania nanoparticles in a floating-bedphotoreactor”, Chem. Eng. J., Vol. 146, pp. 79-85, 2009.
59. Fernandez, J., Kiwi, J., Lizama, C. and Freer, J. “Factorial
experimental design of orange ll photocatalytic discolouration”, J.
Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., Vol. 151, pp. 213-219, 2002.
60. Fogler H.S. ‘Elements of chemical reaction engineering’, Prentice:Upper saddle, 1999.
61. Fox, M.A. and Dulay, M. “Heterogeneous photocatalysis”, Chem.Rev., Vol. 93, pp. 341- 357, 1993.
62. Fu, J., Zhao, Y. and Wu, Q. “Optimisimg photoelectrocatalytic
oxidation of fulvic acid using response surface methodology”,J. Hazad. Mater., Vol. 144, pp. 499-505, 2007.
63. Fujishima, A. and Honda, K. “Electrochemical photolysis of water ata semiconductor electrode”, Nature, Vol. 238, pp. 37-38, 1972.
64. Furlong, D.N., Grieser, F., Hayes, D., Sasse, W. and Wells, D.
“Kinetics of hydrogen production from illuminated CdS/Pt/Na2Sdispersions”, J. Phy. Chem., Vol. 90, pp. 2388-2396, 1986.
65. Ginkel, S.V., Sung, S. and Lay, J.J. “Biohydrogen production as a
function of pH and substrate concentration”, Environ. Sci. Technol.,Vol. 35, pp. 4726-4730, 2001.
66. Goslich, R., Dillert, R. and Bahnemann, D. “Solar water treatment:
principles and reactors”, Water Sci.Technol., Vol. 35, pp.137-148,
1997.
189
67. Goswami, D.Y. “A Review of engineering developments of aqueous
phase solar photocatalytic detoxification and disinfection process”,J. Solar Energy Eng., Vol. 119, pp. 101-107, 1997.
68. Green, M. and Elofson, R.M. “Visible light induced splitting of
hydrogen sulphide and thiol formation in CdS suspensions”,
J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., No. 12, pp. 830 - 832, 1985.
69. Grzyll, L.R., Thomas, J.J. and Barile, R.G. “Photo electrochemical
conversion of hydrogen sulfide to hydrogen using artificial light and
solar radiation”, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 14, pp. 647-651, 1989.
70. Guillard, C., Baldassare, D., Duchamp, C., Ghazzal, M.N. and
Daniele, S. “Photocatalytic degradation and mineralization of a
malodorous compound (dimethyldisulfide) using a continuous flow
reactor”, Catal. Today, Vol. 122, pp. 160-167, 2007.
71. Gurunathan, K., Baeg, J., Lee, S., Subramanian, E., Moon, S. and
Kong, K. “Visible light assisted highly efficient hydrogen production
from H2S decomposition by CuGaO2 and CuGa1-xInxO2 delafossite
oxides bearing nanostructured co-catalysts”, Catal. Comm., Vol. 9,
pp. 395-402, 2008.
72. Gurunathan, K., Maruthamuthu, P., and Sastri, M.V.C.
“Photocatalytic hydrogen production by dye-Sensitized Pt/SnO2 and
Pt/SnO2/RuO2 in aqueous methyl viologen solution”,
Int. J. Hydrogen. Energy, Vol. 22, pp. 57-62, 1997.
73. Hara, K., Sayama, K. and Arakawa, H. “Photocatalytic hydrogen and
oxygen formation over SiO2-supported RuS2 in the presence of
sacrificial donor and acceptor”, Applied Catal. A: Gen., Vol. 189,
pp. 127-137, 1999a.
74. Hara, K., Sayama, K. and Arakawa, H. “UV photoinduced reduction
of water to hydrogen in Na2S, Na2SO3 and Na2S2O4 aqueous
solutions”, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., Vol. 128, pp. 27-31,
1999.
75. Harry, M.W., Thewissen Etty, A., Zouwen-Assink, V., Timmer, K.,
Tinnemans, A.H.A. and Mackor, A. “Improvement of the
photoelectrochemical change of H2S over CdS suspensions using
RuS2 as a catalyst”, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., pp. 941-942,
1984.
190
76. Herrmann, J.M. “Heterogeneous photocatalysis: fundamentals and
applications to the removal of various types of aqueous pollutants”,
Catal. Today, Vol. 53, pp. 115-129, 1999.
77. Hirai, T., Bando, Y. and Komasawa, I. “Immobilization of CdS
nanoparticles formed in reverse micelles onto alumina particles and
their photocatalytic properties”, J. Phys. Chem., Vol. 106,pp. 8967-8970, 2002.
78. Hoffmann, M.R., Martin, S.T., Choi, W.Y. and Bahnmann, D.W.
“Environmental applications of semiconductor photocatalysis”,Chem. Rev., Vol. 95, pp. 69-96, 1995.
79. http://www.acgih.org/TLV.
80. http://www.eyesolarlux.com/Solar-simulation-energy.htm.
81. http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca
82. Huang, C., Yao, W., T-Raissi, A. and Muradov, N. “Development of
efficient photoreactors for solar hydrogen production”, Solar Energy,Vol. 85, pp. 19-27, 2011.
83. Huang, L.H., Sun, C. and Liu, Y.L. “Pt/N-codoped TiO2 nanotubes
and its photocatalytic activity under visible light”, Appl. Surf. Sci.,Vol. 253, pp. 7029-7035, 2007.
84. Ibhadon, A.O., Arabatzis, I.M., Falaras, P. and Tsoukleris, D. “The
design and photoreaction kinetic modeling of a gas-phase titania
foam packed bed reactor”, Chem. Eng, J., Vol. 133, pp. 317-323,2007.
85. Ibrahim, H. and Lasa, H. “Novel photocatalytic reactor for the
destruction of airborne pollutants reaction kinetics and quantumyields”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., Vol. 38, pp. 3211- 3217, 1999.
86. Ignasi, S.E., David, M.H. and Li Puma, G. “Evaluation of the
intrinsic photocatalytic oxidation kinetics of indoor air pollutants”,Environ.Sci.Technol., Vol. 41, pp. 2028-2035, 2007.
87. Ikeda, M., Kusumoto. Y., Somekawa, S., Ngweniform, P. and
Ahmmad, B. “Effect of graphite silica on TiO2 photocatalysis in
191
hydrogen production from water-methanol solution”, J. Photochem.Photobiol. A: Chem., Vol. 184, pp. 306 - 312, 2006.
88. Jang, A. and Kim. S. “Solidification and stabilization of Pb, Zn, Cd
and Cu in tailing wastes using cement and fly ash”, Minerals Engg.,
Vol. 13, pp. 1659-1662, 2000.
89. Jang, J.S., Choi, S.H., Kim, H.G. and Lee, J.S. “Location and state of
Pt in platinized CdS/TiO2 photocatalysts for hydrogen production
from water under visible light”, J. Phys. Chem., Vol. 112,
pp.17200-17205, 2008.
90. Jang, J.S., Hwang, D.W. and Lee, J.S. “CdS-AgGaS2 photocatalytic
diodes for hydrogen production from aqueous Na2S/Na2SO3
electrolyte solution under visible light ( 420 nm)”, Catal. Today,
Vol.120, pp.174-181, 2007.
91. Jang, J.S., Kim, H.G., Borse, P.H. and Lee, J.S. “Simultaneous
hydrogen production and decomposition of H2S dissolved in alkaline
water over CdS-TiO2 composite photocatalysts under visible light
irradiation”, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 32, pp. 4786-4791, 2007a.
92. Jang, J.S., Li, W., Oh, S.H. and Lee, J.S. “Fabrication of CdS/TiO2
nano- bulk composite photocatalysts for hydrogen production from
aqueous H2S solution under visible light”, Chem. Phy. Lett.,
Vol. 425, pp. 278-282, 2006.
93. Jing, D., Guo, L., Zhao, L., Zhang, X., Liu, H., Li, M., Shen, S., Liu,
G., Hu, X., Zhang, X., Zhang, K., Ma, L. and Guo, P. “Efficient solar
hydrogen production by photocatalytic water splitting: From
fundamental study to pilot demonstration”, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy,
Vol. 35, pp. 7087-7097, 2010.
94. Jing, D., Liu, H., Zhang, X., Zhao, L. and Guo, L. “Photocatalytic
hydrogen production under direct solar light in a CPC based solar
reactor: Reactor design and preliminary results”,
Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 50, pp. 2919-2926, 2009.
95. Joo, H., Jeong, H., Jeon, M. and II Moon. “The use of plastic optical
fibers in photocatalysis of trichloroethylene”, Solar Energy Materials
and Solar Cells, Vol. 79, pp. 93-101, 2003.
96. Kakuta, N., Park, K.H., Finlayson, M.F., Ueno, A., Bard, A.J.,
Campion, A., Fox, M.A., Webber, S.E. and White, J.M.
“Photoassisted hydrogen production using visible light and
192
coprecipitated ZnS.CdS without a noble metal”, J. Phys. Chem.,
Vol. 89, pp. 132-134, 1985.
97. Kalyasundaram, K., Borgarello, E. and Gratzel, M. “Visible induced
water cleavage in CdS dispersions loaded with Pt and RuO2, hole
scavenging by RuO2”, Helvetica Chimica Acta, Vol.64, pp. 362-366,
1981.
98. Kamble, S.P., Deosarkar, S.P., Sawant, S.B., Moulijn, J.A. and
Pangarkar, V.G. “Photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-
dichlorophenoxyacetic acid using concentrated solar radiation: Batch
and continuous operation”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., Vol. 43,pp. 8178 - 8187, 2004.
99. Kanade, K.G., Baeg, J-O., Mulik, U.P., Amalnerkar, D.P. and Kale,
B.B. “Nano-CdS by polymer-inorganic solid-state reaction: Visible
light pristine photocatalyst for hydrogen generation”, MaterialsResearch Bulletin, Vol. 41, pp. 2219-2225, 2006.
100. Kanade, K.G., Kale, B.B., Baeg, J.O., Lee, S, M., Lee, C.W., Moon,
S-J. and Chang, H. “Self-assembled aligned Cu doped ZnO
nanoparticles for photocatalytic hydrogen production under visible
light irradiation”, Mater. Chem. Phys., Vol. 102, pp. 98-104, 2007.
101. Kanmani, S. “Development and performance studies of solar
photocatalytic reactors for decolourisation of textile dyeingwastewaters”, Ph.D. thesis, pp. 204-205, 2001.
102. Kato, H., Asakura, K. and Kudo, A. “Highly efficient water splitting
into H2 and O2 over lanthanum-doped NaTaO3 photocatalysts with
high Crystallinity and surface nanostructure”, J. Am. Chem. Soc.,Vol.125, pp. 3082-3089, 2003.
103. Khomane, R.B., Manna, A., Mandale, A.B. and Kulkarni, B.D.
“Synthesis and characterization of dodecanethiol-capped cadmium
sulfide nanoparticles in a winsor II microemulsion of diethyl
ether/AOT/water”, Langmuir, Vol. 18, pp. 8237-8240, 2002.
104. Khuri, A.I. and Cornell, J.A. “Response surfaces: Designs and
analysis”, Marcel Dekker, ASQA Quality Press, New York, 1996.
193
105. Kida, T., Guan, G. and Yoshida, A. “LaMnO3/CdS nanocomposite: A
new photocatalyst for hydrogen production from water under visiblelight irradiation”, Chem. Phys. Lett., Vol. 371, pp. 563-567, 2003.
106. Kida, T., Guan, G.Q., Yamada, N., Ma, T., Kimura, K. and Yoshida,
A. “Hydrogen production from sewage sludge solubilized in hot-
compressed water using photocatalyst under light irradiation”,Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 29, pp. 269-274, 2004.
107. Kim, H.M., Kim, J.G., Cho, J.D. and Hong, J.W. “Optimization and
characterization of UV-curable adhesives for optical communication
by response surface methodology”, Polym. Test., Vol. 22,pp.899-906, 2003.
108. Kobayakawa, K., Sato, C., Sato, Y. and Fujishima, A. “Continuous
flow Photoreactor packed with titanium dioxide immobilized on large
silica gel beads to decompose oxalic acid in excess water”,
J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., Vol. 118, pp. 65-69, 1998.
109. Koca, A. and Sahin, M. “Photocatalytic hydrogen production by
direct sunlight from sulfide/sulfite solution”, Int. J. HydrogenEnergy, Vol. 27, pp. 363-367, 2002.
110. Kohtani, S., Kudo, A. and Sakata, T. “Spectral sensitization of a TiO2
semiconductor electrode by CdS microcrystals and its
photoelectrochemical properties”, Chem. Phys. Lett., Vol. 206,
pp. 166-170, 1993.
111. Koriche, N., Bouguelia, A. and Trari, M. “Photocatalytic hydrogen
production over new oxide CuLaO2.62”, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy,Vol. 31, pp. 1196-1203, 2006.
112. Koriche, N., Bouguelia, A., Aider, A. and Trari, M. “Photocatalytic
hydrogen evolution over delafossite CuAlO2”, Int. J. Hydrogen
Energy, Vol. 30, pp. 693-699, 2005.
113. Kosanic, M.M., and Topalov, A.S. “Photochemical hydrogen
production from CdS/RhOx/Na2S dispersions”, Int. J. HydrogenEnergy, Vol. 15, pp. 319-323, 1990.
114. Ku, Y., Ma, C.-M., and Shen, Y.S. “Decomposition of gaseous
trichloroethylene in a photoreactor with TiO2-coated nonwoven fibertextile”, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., Vol. 34, pp. 181-190, 2001.
194
115. Kudo, A. “Photocatalyst materials for water splitting”, Catal. Surv.Asia, Vol .7, pp.31-38, 2003.
116. Kudo, A. “Recent progress in the development of visible light driven
powdered photocatalysts for water splitting”, Int. J. Hydrogen
Energy, Vol. 32, pp. 2673-2678, 2007.
117. Lama, R.C.W., Leung, M.K.H., Leung, D.Y.C., Vrijmoed, L.L.P.,
Yam, W.C. and Ng, S.P. “Visible-light-assisted photocatalytic
degradation of gaseous formaldehyde by parallel-plate reactor coated
with Cr ion-implanted TiO2 thin film”, Solar Energy Mater. Solar
Cells, Vol. 91, pp. 54-61, 2007.
118. Lee, K., Nam, W. and Han. G. Y. “Photocatalytic water splitting in
alkaline solution using redox mediator-1: Parameter study”,Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 29, pp.1343-1347, 2004.
119. Lee, S.G., Lee, S.W. and Lee, H.I. “Photocatalytic production of
hydrogen from aqueous solution containing CN- as a hole
scavenger”, Appl. Catal. A: Gen., Vol. 207, 173-181, 2001.
120. Levenspeil, O. “Chemical reaction engineering”, 3rd
ed, John Wiley
and Sons, New York, 1999.
121. Li Puma, G. and Yue, P. L. “Modeling and design of thin-film slurry
photocatalytic reactors for water purification”, Chem. Eng. Sci.,Vol. 58, pp. 2269-2281, 2003.
122. Li, C., Yuan, J., Han, B., Jiang, L. and Shangguan, W. “TiO2
nanotubes incorporated with CdS for photocatalytic hydrogen
production from splitting water under visible light irradiation”, Int. J.
Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 35, No. 13, pp. 7073-7079, 2010.
123. Li, C., Yuan, J., Jiang, B.H.L. and Shangguan, W. “ZrW2O8
photocatalyst and its visible-light sensitization via sulfur anion
doping for water splitting”, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 35,pp. 7043-7050, 2005.
124. Li, C-J., Yang, G.J. and Wang, Z. “Formation of nanostructured TiO2
by flame spraying with liquid feedstock”, Materials Lett., Vol. 57,
pp. 2130-2134, 2003a.
195
125. Li, H., Zhu, B., Feng, Y., Wang, S., Zhang, S. and Huang, W.
“Synthesis, characterization of TiO2 nanotubes-supported MS
(TiO2NTs@MS, M ¼ Cd, Zn) and their photocatalytic activity”, J.
Solid State Chem., Vol.180, pp. 2136-2142, 2007.
126. Li, W. H., Lei, L., Yang, N. and Yan, W. “Combined sulphur cycle
based system of hydrogen production and biological treatment ofwastewater”, Environ. Tech., Vol. 30, pp. 1297-1304, 2009.
127. Li, Y., Lu, G. and Li, S. “Photocatalytic hydrogen generation and
decomposition of oxalic acid over platinized TiO2”, Appl. Catal. A:
Gen., Vol. 214, pp. 179-185, 2001.
128. Li, Y., Lu, G. and Li, S. “Photocatalytic transformation of rhodamine
B and its effect on hydrogen evolution over Pt/TiO2 in the presence
of electron donors”, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., Vol. 152,pp. 219-228, 2002.
129. Li, Y., Xie, Y., Peng, S., Lu, G. and Li, S. “Photocatalytic hydrogen
generation in the presence of chloroacetic acids over Pt/TiO2”,
Chemosphere, Vol. 63, pp. 1312-1318, 2006.
130. Li, Y.X., Lu, G.X. and Li S.B. “Photocatalytic production of
hydrogen in single component and mixture systems of electron
donors and monitoring adsorption of donors by in situ infrared
spectroscopy”, Chemosphere, Vol. 52, pp. 843-850, 2003.
131. Lim, T.H. and Kim, S.D., “Trichloroethylene degradation by
photocatalysis in annular flow and annulus fluidized bed
photoreactors”, Chemosphere, Vol. 54, pp. 305-312, 2004.
132. Lin, H.F. and Valsaraj, K.T. “A titania thin film annular
photocatalytic reactor for the degradation of polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons in dilute water streams”, J. Hazard. Mater., Vol. 99,
pp. 203-219, 2003.
133. Linkous C.A., Muradov N.Z. and Ramser, N. “Consideration of
reactor design for solar hydrogen production from hydrogen sulfide
using semiconductor particulates”, Int. J. Hydrogen. Energy, Vol. 20,
pp. 701-709, 1995.
134. Linkous C.V., Mingo T.M., and Muradov N.Z. “Aspects of solar
hydrogen production from hydrogen sulfide using semiconductor
particulates”, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 19, pp. 203-208, 1994.
196
135. Linkous, C.A., Huang, C. and Fowler, R. “UV photochemical
oxidation of aqueous sodium sulfide to produce hydrogen and
sulfur”, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., Vol. 168, pp. 153-160,
2004.
136. Liu, G.J., Zhao, L., Ma, L.J. and Guo, L.J. “Photocatalytic H2
evolution under visible light irradiation on a novel CdxCuyZn1-x-yScatalyst”, Catal. Commun., Vol. 9, pp.126-130, 2008.
137. Liu, M., Jing, D., Zhao, L. and Guo, L. “Preparation of novel CdS-
incorporated special glass composite as photocatalyst material used
for catalyst-fixed system”, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 35,pp.7058-7064, 2010.
138. Liu, M., Wang, L., Lu, G., Yao, X. and Guo. L., “Twins in Cd1-xZnxS
solid solution: Highly efficient photocatalyst for hydrogen generation
from water”, Energy Environ. Sci., Vol. 4, pp. 1372-1378, 2011.
139. Liu, Y., Guo, L., Yan, W. and Liu, H. “A composite visible light
photocatalyst for hydrogen production” J. Power Sources, Vol. 159,pp. 1300-1304, 2006.
140. Maeda, K. and Domen, K. “New non-oxide photocatalysts designed
for overall water splitting under visible light”, J. Phys. Chem., C,Vol. 111, pp.7851- 61, 2007.
141. Maeda, K., Teramura, K., Saito, N., Inone, Y. and Domen, K.
“Improvement of photocatalytic activity of (Ga1-xZnx)(N1-xOx) solid
solution for overall water splitting by co - loading Cr and anothertransition metal”, J. Catal., Vol. 243, pp. 303- 308, 2006.
142. Malato, S., Blanco, J., Vidal, A. and Richter, C. “Photocatalysis with
solar energy at a pilot-plant scale: An overview”, Appl. Catal. B:
Environ., Vol. 37, pp. 1-15, 2002.
143. Malato, S., Blanco, J., Vidal, A., Alarcon, D., Maldonado, M. I.,
Caceres, J. and Gernjak, W. “Applied studies in solar photocatalytic
detoxification: an overview”, Solar Energy, Vol.75, pp. 329-336,2003.
144. Mance, G., O’Donnell, A.R. and Campbell, J.A. “Proposed
environmental quality standards for List 11substances in water:
sulphide”, Medmenham, Water Research Centre, 1988.
197
145. Maruthamuthu, P., Ashokkumar, M., Gurunathan, K., Subramanian,
E., and Sastri V.C. “Hydrogen evolution from water with visible
radiation in presence of Cu(II)/WO3 electron relay”, Int. J. Hydrogen.
Energy, Vol. 14, pp. 525-528, 1989.
146. Maruthamuthu, P., Gurunathan, K., Subramanian, E., and Sastri, V.C.
“Visible light - induced hydrogen production from water with
Pt/Bi2O3/RuO2 in presence of electron relay and photosensitizers”,Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 19, pp. 889-893, 1994.
147. Maruyuma, T. and Nishimoto, T. “Hydrogen evolution over a
powdered semiconductor photocatalyst”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.,Vol. 30, pp. 1634-638, 1991.
148. Matsumura, M., Furukawa, S., Saho, Y. and Tsubomura, H.
“Cadmium sulfide photocatalysed hydrogen production from
aqueous solutions of sulfite. Effect of Crystal structure and
preparation method of the catalyst”, J. Phy. Chem., Vol. 89,
pp. 1327-1329, 1985.
149. Matsumura, M., Saho. Y. and Tsubomura, H. “Photocatalytic
hydrogen production from solutions of sulfite using platinized
cadmium sulfide powder”, J. Phy. Chem., Vol. 87, pp. 3807-3808,
1983.
150. Matsumura, T., Noshiroya, D., Tokumura, M., Tawfeek Znad, H. and
Kawase, H. “Simplified model for the hydrodynamics and reaction
kinetics in a gas-liquid-solid three-phase fluidized-bed photocatalytic
reactor: Degradation of o-cresol with immobilized TiO2”, Ind. Eng.
Chem. Res., Vol. 46, pp. 2637-2647, 2007.
151. Mau, A.W.H., Huang, C., Kakuta, N., Bard, A.J., Campion, A., Fox,
M.A., White, J.M. and Webber, S.E. “H2 photoproduction by nafion /
CdS / Pt films in H2O/S2-
/solutions”, J. Am. Chem. Soc., Vol. 106,
pp. 6537-6542, 1984.
152. Maurya, A. and Chauhan, P. “Structural and optical characterization
of CdS/TiO2 nanocomposite”, Mater. Charac., Vol. 62, pp. 382-390,
2011.
153. McCullagh, C., Robertson, P.K.J. Adams, M. Pollard, P.M. and
Mohammed.A. “Development of a slurry continuous flow reactor for
photocatalytic treatment of industrial waste water”, J. Photochem.
Photobiol. A: Chem., Vol. 211, pp. 42-46, 2010.
198
154. Merabet, S., Bouzaza, A. and Wolbert, D. “Photocatalytic
degradation of indole in a circulating upflow reactor by UV/TiO2
process-Influence of some operating parameters”, J. Hazard. Mater.,
Vol.166, pp. 1244-1249, 2009.
155. Mills, A. and Hunte, S.L. “An overview of semiconductor
photocatalysis”, J Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., Vol. 108,pp. 1-35, 1997.
156. Mizuta, S., Kondo, W. and Fujii, K. “Hydrogen production from
hydrogen sulfide by Fe-Cl hybrid Process”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.,Vol.99, pp.1601-1608, 1991.
157. Montgomery, D.C. “Design and analysis of experiments”, 5th
ed.,John Wiley and Sons, New York, 2001.
158. Moosavi, G.R., Mesdaghinia, A.R., Naddafi, K., Vaezi, F. and
Nabizadeh, R. “Biotechnology advances in treatment of air streamscontaining H2S”, J. Biological Sci., Vol. 5, pp. 170-175, 2005.
159. Muradov, N.Z., Rustamov, M.I., Guseinova, A.D. and Bazhutin,
Yu.V. “Photocatalytic production of hydrogen from H2S solutions
over CdS/Pt colloids”, Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters,Vol. 33, pp. 279-283, 1987.
160. Myers R.H. and Montgomery, D.C. “Response surfacemethodology”, 5
th ed., Wiley, New York, 2002.
161. Nada, A.A., Barakat, M.H., Hamed, A., Mohamed, N.R. and
Veziroglu, T.N. “Studies on the photocatalytic hydrogen production
using suspended modified TiO2 photocatalysts”, Int. J. HydrogenEnergy, Vol. 30, pp. 687-691, 2005.
162. Nam, W., Kim, J. and Han, G. “Photocatalytic oxidation of methyl
orange in a three phase fluidized bed reactor”, Chemosphere, Vol. 47,pp. 1019-1024, 2002.
163. Naman S.A. “Photoproduction of hydrogen from hydrogen sulfide in
vanadium sulfide colloidal suspension - Effect of temperature andpH”, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 22, pp. 783-789, 1997.
199
164. Nielsen, A.H., Lens, P., Vollertsen, J. and Jacobsen, T.H. “Sulfide-
iron interactions in domestic wastewater from a gravity sewer”,Water Res., Vol.39, pp. 2747-2755, 2005.
165. Nishio, J., Tokumura, M., Znad, H.T. and Kawase,Y. “Photocatalytic
decolorization of azo-dye with zinc oxide powder in an external UV
light irradiation slurry photoreactor”, J. Hazard. Mater. B., Vol.138,
pp. 106-115, 2006.
166. Noorjahan, M., Pratap Reddy, M., Durga Kumari, V., Lavédrine, B.,
Boule, P. and Subrahmanyam, M. “Photocatalytic degradation of H-
acid over a novel TiO2 thin film fixed bed reactor and in aqueous
suspensions”, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., Vol. 156,
pp. 179-187, 2003.
167. Parrek, V.K., Brungs, M.P. and Adesina, A.A. “Continuous process
for photodegradation of industrial bayer liquor”, Ind. Eng. Chem.
Res., Vol. 40, pp. 5122-5125, 2001.
168. Pei-Sheng, L., Wei-Ping, C., Li-Xi, W., Ming-da, S., Xiang-dong, L.
and Wei-Ping, J. “Fabrication and characterization of rutile TiO2
nanoparticles induced by laser ablation”, Trans. Nonferrousmet. Soc.
China, Vol. 19, pp. 743-741, 2009.
169. Prieto, O., Fermoso, J. and Irusta, R. “Photocatalytic degradation of
toluene in air using a fluidized bed photoreactor”, Int. J.
Photoenergy, Vol. 2007, pp. 1- 8, 2007.
170. Priya, R. and Kanmani, S. “Batch slurry photocatalytic reactors for
the generation of hydrogen from sulfide and sulfite streams under
solar irradiation”, Solar Energy, Vol. 83, pp. 1802-1805, 2009.
171. Priya, R. and Kanmani, S. “Solar photocatalytic generation of
hydrogen from hydrogen sulphide using CdS-based photocatalysts”,
Current Science, Vol. 94, pp. 102-104, 2008.
172. Priya, R. and Kanmani, S. “Solar photocatalytic generation of
hydrogen under ultraviolet-visible light irradiation on
(CdS/ZnS)/Ag2S + (RuO2/TiO2) photocatalysts”, Bull. Mater. Sci.,
Vol.33, pp. 85-88, 2010.
173. Qin, Ya., Wang, G. and Wang, Y. “Study on the photocatalytic
property of La-doped CoO/SrTiO3 for water decomposition to
hydrogen”, Catal. Comm., Vol. 8, pp. 926 - 930, 2007.
200
174. Ray, A.K. “A new photocatalytic reactor for destruction of toxic
water pollutants by advanced oxidation process”, Catal. Today,
Vol. 44, pp. 357-368, 1998.
175. Ray, A.K. and Beenackers. A.A.C.M. “Development of new
photocatalytic reactor for water purification”, Catal. Today, Vol. 40,pp.73-83, 1998a.
176. Reber, J. and Meier, K. “Photochemical production of hydrogen with
zinc sulfide suspensions”, J. Phy. Chem., Vol. 88, pp. 5903-5913,
1984.
177. Reber, J.F. and Rusek, M.J. “Photochemical hydrogen production
with platinized suspensions of cadmium sulfide and cadmium zinc
sulfide modified by silver sulfide” J. Phys. Chem., Vol. 90,pp. 824-834,1986.
178. Rita, J. and Sasi Florence, S. “Optical, structural and morphological
studies of bean-like ZnS nanostructures by aqueous chemical
method”, Chalcogenide Letters, Vol. 7, pp. 269-273, 2010.
179. Roy, A.M. and De, G.C. “Immobilization of CdS, ZnS and mixed
ZnS - CdS on filter paper: Effect of hydrogen production from
alkaline Na2S/Na2S2O3 solution”, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A:Chem., Vol. 157, pp. 87-92, 2003.
180. Sabate, J., Cervera - March, S., Simarro, R., and Gimenez, J.
“Photocatalytic production of hydrogen from sulfide and sulfite
streams: A kinetic model for reactions occurring in illuminatedsuspensions of CdS”, Chem. Eng. Sci., Vol. 45, pp. 3089-3096, 1990.
181. Sagawe, G., Brandi, R.J., Bahnemann, D. and Cassano, A.E.
“Photocatalytic reactors for treating water pollution with solar
illumination. I: A simplified analysis for batch reactors”, Chem. Eng.Sci., Vol. 58, pp. 2587-2599, 2003.
182. Sagawe, G., Brandi, R.J., Bahnemann, D. and Cassano, A.E.
“Photocatalytic reactors for treating water pollution with solar
illumination. II: A simplified analysis for flow reactors”, Chem. Eng.
Sci., Vol. 58, pp. 2601-2615, 2003a.
183. Sagawe, G., Brandi, R.J., Bahnemann, D. and Cassano, A.E.
“Photocatalytic reactors for treating water pollution with solar
201
illumination: A simplified analysis for n-steps flow reactors withrecirculation”, Solar Energy, Vol. 79, pp. 262-269, 2005.
184. Sahu, N., Upadhyay, S. N. and Sinha, A. S. K. “Kinetics of reduction
of water to hydrogen by visible light on alumina supported Pt-CdS
photocatalysts”, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 34, pp. 130-137,2009.
185. Sakthivel, S., Neppolian, B., Banumathi Arabindo., Palanichamy, N.
and Murugesan, V. “TiO2 catalysed photodegradation of leather dye:Acid green 16”, J. Sci. Ind. Res., Vol. 59, pp. 556-562, 2000.
186. Salari, D., Niaei, A., Aber. S. and Rasoulifard, M.H. “The
photooxidative destruction of C.I. Basic Yellow 2 using
UV/S2O8 process in a rectangular continuous photoreactor”,J. Hazard. Mater., Vol.166, pp. 61- 66, 2009.
187. Sano, T., Negishi, K., Uchino, K., Tanaka, M. J. and
Takeuchi, K. “Photocatalytic degradation of gaseous acetaldehyde
on TiO2 with photodeposited metals and metal oxides”,J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., Vol. 160, pp. 93-98, 2003.
188. Sathish, M., Viswanathan, B. and Viswanath, R.P. “Alternate
synthetic strategy for the preparation of CdS nanoparticles and its
exploitation for water splitting”, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 31,
pp. 891-898, 2006.
189. Savinov, E.N., Gruzdkov, Yu. A., and Parmon, V.N. “Suspensions of
semiconductors with microheterojunctions - a new type of highly
efficient photocatalysts for dihydrogen production from solution of
hydrogen sulfide and sulfide ions”, Int. J. Hydrogen. Energy, Vol. 14,pp. 1-9, 1989.
190. Serpone, N. and Borgarello, E. “Effect of CdS preparation on the
photo - catalysed decomposition of hydrogen sulfide in alkaline
aqueous media”, Inorganica Chimica Acta, Vol. 99, pp. 191-196,1984.
191. Serpone, N. and Pelizzetti, E. “Photocatalysis: Fundamentals andapplications”, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1989.
202
192. Shama, G. and Drott, D.W. “Photocatalytically induced dye
decolourisation in an unsupported thin film reactor”, Chem. Eng.Commun., Vol. 158, pp. 107-122, 1997.
193. Shen, S., Guo, L., Chen, X., Ren, F. and Mao, S.S. “Effect of Ag2S
on solar-driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution of nanostructured
CdS”, Int. J. Hydrogen energy, Vol. 35, pp. 7110-7115, 2010.
194. Sherif, S.A., Barbir, F. and Veziroglu, T.N. “Principles of hydrogen
energy and production, storage and utilization”, J. Sci. Ind. Res.,
Vol. 62, pp. 46-63, 2003.
195. Shu, H.Y. and Chang, M.C. “Pilot scale annular plug flow
photoreactor by UV/H2O2 for the decolorization of azo dye
wastewater”, J. Hazard. Mater. B., Vol. 125, pp. 244-251, 2005.
196. Silva, L.A., Ryu, S.Y., Choi, J., Choi, W. and Hoffmann, M.R.
“Photocatalytic hydrogen production with visible light over Pt-
Interlinked hybrid composites of cubic-phase and hexagonal-phase
CdS”, J. Phy. Chem. Lett., Vol. 112, pp. 12069-12073, 2008.
197. Sinha, A.S.K., Sahu, N., Arora, M.K. and Upadhyay, S.N.
“Preparation of egg-shell type Al2O3-supported CdS photocatalysts
for reduction of H2O to H2”, Catal. Today, Vol. 69, pp. 297-305,
2001.
198. Smith, J.M. “Chemical engineering kinetics”, McGraw Hill, New
York, 1970.
199. Sreethawong, T. and Yoshikawa, S. “Comparative investigation on
photocatalytic hydrogen evolution over Cu-, Pd-, and Au-loaded
mesoporous TiO2 photocatalysts”, Catalysis Commun., Vol. 6,
pp. 661-668, 2005.
200. Sreethawong, T. and Yoshikawa, S. “Enhanced photocatalytic
hydrogen evolution over Pt supported on mesoporous TiO2 prepared
by single-step sol-gel process with surfactant template”, Int. J.
Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 31, pp. 786-796, 2006.
201. Sreethawong, T., Puangpetch, T., Chavadej, S. and Yoshikawa, S.
“Quantifying influence of operational parameters on photocatalytic
H2 evolution over Pt-loaded nanocrystalline mesoporous TiO2
prepared by single-step sol-gel process with surfactant template”,
J. Power Sources, Vol. 165, pp. 861-869, 2007.
203
202. Srinivasa Rao, B., Rajesh Kumar, B., Rajagopal Reddy, V. and
Subba Rao, T., “Preparation and characterization of CdS
nanoparticles by chemical coprecipitation technique”, Chalcogenide
Letters, Vol. 8, pp. 177-185, 2011.
203. Strataki, N., Antoniadou, M., Dracopoulos, V. and Lianos, P.,
“Visible-light photocatalytic hydrogen production from ethanol-
water mixtures using a Pt-CdS-TiO2 photocatalyst”, Catal. Today,
Vol.151, pp. 53-57, 2010.
204. Subramanian, E., Baeg, J., Lee, S., Moon, S. and Kong, Ki.
“Dissociation of H2S under visible light irradiation ( < 420 nm) with
FeGaO3 photocatalysts for the production of hydrogen”,Int. J. Hydrogen. Energy, Vol. 33, pp. 6586-6594, 2008.
205. Subramanian, E., Baeg, J-k., Lee, S., Moon, S-J. and Kong, K-j.
“Nanospheres and nanorods structured Fe2O3 and Fe2-xGaxO3
photocatalysts for visible-light mediated (l 420 nm) H2S
decomposition and H2 generation”, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, Vol.34,pp. 8485-8494, 2009.
206. Subramanian, V., Kamat, P.V. and Wolf, E.E. “Mass-transfer and
kinetic studies during the photocatalytic degradation of an azo dye on
optically transparent electrode thin film”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.,Vol. 42, pp. 2131-2138, 2003.
207. Subramanyam, M., Supriya, V.T. and Reddy, R. “Photocatalytic H2
production with CdS based catalysts from a sulphide/sulphite
substrate: An effort to develop MgO-supported catalysts”,Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 21, pp. 99-106, 1996.
208. Supriya V. T and Subrahmanyam, M. “Photocatalytic generation of
hydrogen from hydrogen sulfide: An energy bargain”,Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 22, pp. 959-965, 1997.
209. Syed, M., Soreanu, G., Falletta, P. and Béland, M. “Removal of
hydrogen sulfide from gas streams using biological processes - A
review”, Canadian Biosys. Eng., Vol.48, pp. 2.1-2.14, 2006.
210. Takahashi, Y., Suto, K., Inoue, C. and Chida, T. “Polysulfide
reduction using sulfate - reducing bacteria in a photocatalytic H2
generation system”, J. Biosci. Bioengg., Vol. 106, pp. 219-225,2008.
204
211. Tambwekar, S.V., Venugopal, D. and Subrahmanyam, M.
“Hydrogen production of (CdS-ZnS)-TiO2 supported photocatalyticsystem”, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 24, pp. 957 - 963, 1999.
212. Tanaka, A., Tanaka, M., Hara, J., Kondo, N. and Domen, K. “Recent
progress of photocatalysts for overall water splitting”, Catal. Today,Vol. 44, pp. 17-26, 1998.
213. Tang, J.W., Zou, Z.G., Yin, J. and Ye, “Photocatalytic degradation of
methylene blue on CaIn2O4 under visible light irradiation”,J. Chem. Phy. Lett., Vol. 382, pp. 175-179, 2003.
214. Tarasov, B.P. and Lototskii, M.V. “Hydrogen Energetics: Past,
Present, Prospects”, Russian J. General Chem., Vol. 77, pp. 660-675,
2007.
215. Thiruvenkatachari, R., Vigneswaran, S. and Moon, I.S. “A review on
UV/TiO2 photocatalytic oxidation process”, Korean J. Chem. Eng.,Vol. 25, pp. 64-72 2008.
216. Tian, M., Shangguan, W., Yuan, J., Wang, S. and Ouyang, Z.
“Promotion effect of nanosized Pt, RuO2 and NiOx loading on visible
light-driven photocatalysts K4Ce2M10O30 (M ¼ Ta, Nb) for hydrogen
evolution from water decomposition”, Sci. Tech. Adv. Mater., Vol. 8,pp. 82-88, 2007.
217. Torres, J. and Cervera - March, S. “Kinetics of the photoassisted
catalytic oxidation of Pb(II) in TiO2”, Chem. Eng. Sci., Vol. 47,
pp. 3857-3862, 1992.
218. T-Raissi, A., Muradov, N., Huang. C. and Adebiyi, O. “Hydrogen
from solar via light-assisted high-temperature water splitting cycles”,J. Solar Energy Eng., Vol. 129, pp.184-189, 2007.
219. Tsuji, I. and Kudo, A. “H2 evolution from aqueous sulfite solutions
under visible-light irradiation over Pb halogen- codoped ZnS
photocatalysts”, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., Vol. 156,
pp. 249 -252, 2003.
220. Tsuji, I., Kato, H., Kobayashi, H. and Kudo, A. “Photocatalytic H2
evolution reaction from aqueous solutions over band structure-
controlled (AgIn)xZn2(1-x)S2 solid solution photocatalysts with
205
visible-light response and their surface nanostructures”, J. Am.Chem. Soc., Vol. 126, pp.13406-13413, 2004.
221. Turner, J.A. “Sustainable hydrogen production”, Science, Vol. 305,pp. 972-974, 2004.
222. Ueno, A., Kakuta, N., Park, K.H., Finlayson, M.F., Bard, A.J.,
Campion, A., Fox, M.A., Webber, S.E. and White, J.M. “Silica
supported ZnS.CdS mixed semiconductor catalysts for
photogeneration of hydrogen”, J. Phy. Chem., Vol. 89,pp. 3828-3833, 1985.
223. US EIA. www.eia.doe.gov., 2003.
224. Valeika, V., Beleska, K. and Valeikiene, V. “Oxidation of sulphides
in tannery wastewater by use of manganese (IV) oxide”
Polish J. Environ. Stud., Vol. 15, pp. 623-629, 2006.
225. Veziroglu, T.N. and Barbir, F. “Hydrogen: the wonder Fuel”,Int. J. Hydrogen Energy”, Vol.17, pp.391-404, 1992.
226. Vidal, A., D az, A.I., El Hraiki, A., Romero, M., Muguruza, I.,
Senhaji, F. and González, J. “Solar photocatalysis for detoxification
and disinfection of contaminated water: pilot plant studies”,Catal. Today, Vol. 54, pp. 283-290, 1999.
227. Wang, D., Zou, Z., Ye, J. “A new spinel-type photocatalyst BaCr2O4
for H2 evolution under UV and visible light irradiation”,Chem. Phy. Lett., Vol. 373, pp. 191-196, 2003.
228. Wang, L., Wang, W., Shang, M., Yin, W., Sun, S. and Zhang, L.
“Enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution under visible light over
Cd1-xZnxS solid solution with cubic zinc blend phase”,
Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 35, pp. 19-25, 2010.
229. Wang, X., Liu, G., Lu, G.Q. and Cheng, H.M. “Stable photocatalytic
hydrogen evolution from water over ZnO-CdS core-shell nanorods”,Int. J. Hydrogen energy, Vol. 35, pp. 8199-8205, 2010a.
230. Wang, X.W. and Chen, Z.G. “Efficient and stable photocatalytic H2
evolution from water splitting by Cd0.8Zn0.2S nanorods”,Electrochem. Commun., Vol. 11, pp.1174-1178, 2009.
206
231. WHO. www.who.int/environmental_information/Air/guidelines/ann4.htm, 1981.
232. Wu. N.L. and Lee, M.S. “Enhanced TiO2 photocatalysis by Cu in
hydrogen production from aqueous methanol solution”, Vol. 29,
pp. 1601-1605, 2004.
233. Xiao-gang, H., Hong-hui, L., Zhong-lin, Z., Cai-mai, F., Shi-bin, L.
and Yan-ping, S. “Modeling and experimentation of a novel labyrinth
bubble photoreactor for degradation of organic pollutant”,Chem. Eng. Res. Design, Vol. 87, pp. 1604-1611, 2009.
234. Xing, C., Jing, D., Liu, M. and Guo, L. “Photocatalytic hydrogen
production over Na2Ti2O4(OH)2 nanotube sensitized by CdS
nanoparticles”, Mater. Res. Bull., Vol. 44, pp. 442-445, 2009.
235. Xing, C., Zhang, Y., Yan, W. and Guo, L. “Band structure-controlled
solid solution of Cd xZnxS photocatalyst for hydrogen production by
water splitting”, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 31, pp. 2018-2024,2006.
236. Xu, J.F., Ji, W., Lin, J.Y., Tang, S.H. and Du, Y.W. “Preparation of
ZnS nanoparticles by ultrasonic radiation method”,Appl. Phys., Vol. 66, pp. 639-641, 1998.
237. Yan, H., Yang, J., Maa, G., Wu, G., Zong, X., Lei, Z., Shi, J. and
Li, C. “Visible-light-driven hydrogen production with extremely high
quantum efficiency on Pt-PdS/CdS photocatalyst”, J. Catal.,
Vol. 266, pp. 165-168, 2009a.
238. Yan, J., Zhang, Li, Yang, H., Tang, Y., Lu, Z., Guo, S., Dai, Y., Han,
Y. and Yao, M. “CuCr2O4/TiO2 heterojunction for photocatalytic H2
evolution under simulated sunlight irradiation”, Solar Energy,Vol. 83, pp. 1534-1539, 2009.
239. Yao, J., Zhao, G., Han, Gaorong. “Synthesis and characterization of
the thiourea-capped CdS nanoparticles”, Journal of Materials Science
Letters, Vol. 22, pp. 1491-1493, 2003.
240. Youn, H.C., Baral, S. and Janos, H. F. “Dihexadecyl phosphate,
vesicle - stabilized and in situ generated mixed CdS and ZnS
semiconductor particles. Preparation and utilization for
207
photosensitized charge separation and hydrogen generation”, J. Phy.Chem., Vol. 92, pp. 6320-6327, 1988.
241. Younsi, M., Aider, A., Barguelia A. and Trari .M “Visible light-
induced hydrogen over CuFeO2 via S2O32-
oxidation”, Solar Energy,
Vol. 78, pp. 574-580, 2004.
242. Yu. J., Zhang, J. and Jaroniec, M. “Preparation and enhanced visible-
light photocatalytic H2-production activity of CdS quantum
dots-sensitized Zn1-xCdxS solid solution”, Green Chem., Vol.12,pp. 1611-1614, 2010.
243. Zahra, O., Maire, I.S., Evenou, F., Hachem, C., Pons, M.N.,
Alinsafi, A. and Bouchyl, M. “Treatment of wastewater dyeing agent
by photocatalytic process in solar reactor”, Int. J. Photoenergy,Vol. 2006, pp. 1-9, 2006.
244. Zhang, K., Jing, D.W., Xing, C.J. and Guo, L.J. “Significantly
improved photocatalytic hydrogen production activity over Cd1-xZnxS
photocatalysts prepared by a novel thermal sulfuration method”,Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 32, pp. 4685-4691, 2007.
245. Zhang, X., Lei, L., Zhang, J., Chen, Q., Bao, J. and Fang, B. “A
novel CdS/S-TiO2 nanotubes photocatalyst with high visible lightactivity”, Sep. Puri. Tech., Vol. 66, pp. 417-421, 2009a.
246. Zhang, X.H., Jing, D.W., Liu, M.C. and Guo, L.J. “Efficient
photocatalytic H2 production under visible light irradiation over Ni
doped Cd1-xZnxS microsphere photocatalysts”, Catal. Commun.,Vol. 9, pp.1720- 1724, 2008.
247. Zhang, Y., Wu Y., Wang Z. and Hu, Y. “Preparation of
CdS/TiO2NTs nanocomposite and its activity of photocatalytic
hydrogen production”, Rare Metal Mater. Eng., Vol. 38,
pp. 1514-1517, 2009.
248. Zhang, Y.J., Yan, W., Wu, Y.P. and Wang, Z.H. “Synthesis of TiO2
nanotubes coupled with CdS nanoparticles and production of
hydrogen by photocatalytic water decomposition”, Mater. Lett.,Vol. 62, pp. 3846-3848, 2008a.
249. Zheng, X-J.,Wei, L.F., Zhang, Z-H., Jiang, Q-J., Wei, Y-J., Xie, B.
and Wei, M-B. “Research on photocatalytic H2 production from
208
acetic acid solution by Pt/TiO2 nanoparticles under UV irradiation”,Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 34, pp. 9033-9041, 2009.
250. Zhou. S. and Ray. A.K. “Kinetic studies for photocatalytic
degradation of eosin B on a thin film of titanium dioxide”,
Ind. Eng. Chem., Vol.4, pp. 6020-6033, 2003.
251. Zhu, J. and Zach, M. “Nanostructured materials for photocatalytic
hydrogen production”, Current Opinion in Colloid and InterfaceScience, Vol. 14, pp. 260-269, 2009.
252. Zhu, J., Yang, D., Geng, J., Chen, D. and Jiang, Z. “Synthesis and
characterization of bamboo-like CdS/TiO2 nanotubes composites
with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity”,J. Nanopart. Res., Vol. 10, pp. 729-736, 2008.
253. Zieliñska, B., Borowiak-Palen, E. and Kalenczuk, R.J.
“Photocatalytic hydrogen generation over alkaline-earth titanates in
the presence of electron donors”, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 33,
pp.1797-1802, 2008.