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Development of Reliability-Based LRFD Methods for Piping – Research and Development Report

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151

Appendix A. Selected Limit States In ASME Code

The following tables summarize the limit states equations according to ASME Code Section III for dead loads, sustained loads, internal pressure and seismic loads, without thermal loads:

Design Condition

Class 2 (NC3600, 1992 edition)

Class 3 (ND3600, 1992 edition)

B31.1 (1992 Edition)

Design Condition

NC3652 Eq. 8 (NC-3652): Load combination: SSL = B1 (PDo)/(2tn) + B2 (MA)/Z Strength Limit: 1.5Sh

Same as Class 2 104.8.1 Eq. 11A Effects of pressure, weight and sustained loads: Load combination: SL = (PDo)/(4tn)+0.75i(MA/Z) Strength Limit: 1.0Sh



152

Design Condition




Level A & B Service Limits

NC3653 Eq. 9 (NC-3653.1) with: Load combination: SOL = B1(PmaxDo)/(2tn)+B2(MA+MB)/Z Strength Limit: Smaller of 1.8Sh or 1.5Sy Eq. 10 (NC-3653.2 (a)) for thermal expansion with Load combination: SE = iMC/Z Strength Limit: SA = f(1.25Sc +Sh) Eq. 10a (NC-3653.2(b)) for nonrepeated anchor movement with Load combination: iMD/Z Strength Limit: 3.0Sc Eq. 11 (NC-3653.2 (c)) with pressure, weight and sustained loads: Load combination: STE = (PDo)/(4tn)+0.75i(MA/Z) +i(MC/Z) Strength Limit: Sh + SA

Same as Class 2 Except Eq. 11a allowable value = 3. 0SA ( This can be an error)

104.8.2 Eq. 12A Effects of pressure, weight, sustained and occasional loads: Load combination: (PDo)/(4tn)+0.75i(MA/Z) + 0.75i(MB/Z) Strength Limit: kSh k = 1.15 for occasional loads acting 10% of any 24 hr operating period. (See Para 102.2.4) k = 1.2 for occasional loads acting 1% of any 24 hr operating period. (See Para 102.2.4) 104.8.3 Eq. 13Afor thermal expansion with Load combination: SE = iMC/Z Strength Limit: SA + f(Sh - SL) SA = f(1.25Sc +Sh)



153

Design Condition




Level C NC3654 - (Condition of Eq. (9) for Service Loadings for Level C) Eq. 9 (NC-3652) with: Load combination: S = B1(PmaxDo)/(2tn)+B2(MA+MB)/Z Strength Limit: Smaller of 2.25Sh or 1.8Sy

Same as Class 2 Emergency condition? (Cannot find a reference) Load combination: (PDo)/(4tn)+0.75i(MA/Z) + 0.75i(MB/Z) Strength Limit: 1.8Sh

Level D NC3655 (Condition of Eq. (9) for Service Loadings for Level D) Eq. 9 (NC-3653.1) with: Load combination: S = B1(PmaxDo)/(2tn)+B2(MA+MB)/Z Strength Limit: Smaller of 3.0Sh or 2.0Sy

Same as Class 2



154

Design Condition




Definition of Variables

SSL= Stress due to effects of pressure, weight and other sustained mechanical loads SOL= Stress due to effects of pressure, weight, other sustained and occasional loads, including earthquake B1, B2 = Primary stress indices for the specific product under investigation P = internal Design Pressure, psi Do = outside diameter of pipe, in. tn = nominal wall thickness, in. MA = resultant moment loading on cross section due to weight and other sustained loads, in-lb (NC-3653.3) Z = section of modulus of pipe, in3 Sh = basic material allowable stress at Design Temperature, psi Pmax = peak pressure, psi MB = resultant moment loading on cross section due to occasional loads, such as thrusts from relief and safety valve loads from pressure and flow transients and earthquake. For earthquake, use only one-half the range. Effects of anchor displacement due to earthquake may be excluded from Eq. (9) if they are included in Eq.(10) and EQ (11) (NC-3653.2) Sy = material yield strength at temperature consistent with the loading under consideration, psi Sh = material allowable stress at temperature consistent with the loading under consideration, psi Sc = material allowable stress at minimum (cold) temperature, psi MC = range of resultant moments due to thermal expansion, in-lb.; also include moment effects of anchor displacements due to earthquake if anchor displacement effects were omitted from Eq. (9) (NC-3653.1) SE = expansion stress SA = allowable stress range for expansion stresses (NC-3611.2) psi i = stress intensification factor (NC-3673.2) MD = resultant moment due to any single non-repeated anchor movement (e. g. predicted building settlement), in-lb. STE = stress due to pressure, weight, other sustained loads and thermal expansion f = stress range reduction factor for cyclic conditions for total number N of full temperature cycles over total number of years during which system is expected to be in operation, from Table NC-3611.2(e)-1.

Same as Class 2

P = internal Design Pressure, psi Do = outside diameter of pipe, in. tn = nominal wall thickness, in. MA = resultant moment loading on cross section due to weight and other sustained loads, in-lb (Para. 104.8.4)) Z = section of modulus of pipe, in3 i = stress intensification factor (See Appendix in B31.1 code) the product 0.75i shall never be taken as less than 1.0. SL = sum of longitudial stresses due to pressure, weight, and other sustained loads MB = resultant moment loading on cross section due to occasional loads [see Para. 102.3.3(A)], such as thrusts from relief and safety valve loads from pressure and flow transients and earthquake. For earthquake, use only one-half the range. Effects of anchor displacement due to earthquake may be excluded from Eq. (12) if they are included in Eq.(13) (see Para. 104.8.4) MC = range of resultant moments due to thermal expansion. Also include moment effects of anchor displacements due to earthquake if anchor displacement effects were omitted from Eq. (12) (see Para. 104.8.4) f = stress range reduction factor for cyclic conditions for total number N of full temperature cycles over total number of years during which system is expected to be in operation, from Table 102.3.2 (C). SA = allowable stress range for expansion stresses



155

Appendix B. Steel Used In ASME Code, Part III

The following Table presents the Specified Minimum Yield Strength (SMYS) and the Specified Minimum Tensile Strength (SMTS) of steels used in the ASME Code, Part III, for the design of piping.

SPEC # Gr.,Cl., Ty. Nominal Product UNS # SMYS SMTS Notes Common

Composition (ksi) (ksi) Name

SA-53 Ty S-Gr

A C Stl W&SP K02504 48 30 black & hot-

dipped

Ty S-Gr

B C-Mn Stl K03005 60 35 zinc coated

Ty E-Gr

A C Stl K02504 48 30

Ty E-Gr

B C-Mn Stl K03005 60 35 SA-106 Gr A C-Si Stl SP K02501 48 30

carbon steel pipe

Gr B C-Si Stl K03006 60 35 for high-

temperature Gr C C-Si Stl K03501 70 40 service

SA-134 C Stl WP >=NPS 16

A36, A283, A285, A570

SA-312 Gr TP304 18 Cr-8 Ni Sm&WP S30400 75 30

Gr

TP304H 18 Cr-8 Ni S30409 75 30 Austentic stainless

Gr

TP304L 18 Cr-8 Ni S30403 70 25 steel

Gr

TP304N 18 Cr-8 Ni-N S30451 80 35

Gr

TP304LN 18 Cr-8 Ni-N S30453 75 30

Gr

TP309S 23 Cr-12 Ni S30908 75 30

Gr

TP309Cb 23 Cr-12 Ni-

Cb S30940 75 30

Gr

TP310S 25 Cr-20 Ni S31008 75 30

Gr

TP310Cb 25 Cr-20 Ni-

Cb S31040 75 30

Gr TP316 16Cr-12Ni-

2Mo S31600 75 30

Gr

TP316H 16Cr-12Ni-

2Mo S31609 75 30

Gr

TP316L 16Cr-12Ni-

2Mo S31603 70 25

Gr

TP316N 16Cr-12Ni-

2Mo-N S31651 80 35

Gr

TP316LN 16Cr-12Ni-

2Mo-N S31653 75 30



156



Gr TP317 18Cr-13Ni-

3Mo S31700 75 30

Gr TP321 18 Cr-10 Ni-

Ti S32100 75 30 Sm <3/8in

Gr

TP321H 18 Cr-10 Ni-

Ti S32109 75 30 Sm <3/8in

Gr TP347 18 Cr-10 Ni-

Cb S34700 75 30

Gr TP347

H 18 Cr-10 Ni-

Cb S34709 75 30

Gr TP348 18 Cr-10 Ni-

Cb S34800 75 30

Gr TP348

H 18 Cr-10 Ni-

Cb S34809 75 30

Gr TP XM19

22Cr-13Ni-Mn S20910 100 55

nitronic 50 or 22-13-5

SA-333 Gr 1 C- Mn Stl Sm&WP K03008 55 30

low-temperature

Gr 6 C- Mn-Ci Stl K03006 60 35 service Gr 8 9Ni K81340 100 75 Gr9 2Ni-1Cu K22035 63 46

SA-335 Gr P1 C- 1/2Mo SP K11522 55 30

Gr P2 1/2Cr- 1/2Mo K11547 55 30 ferritic alloy

steel

Gr P5 5Cr- 1/2Mo K41545 60 30 for high-

temperature Gr P9 9Cr- 1Mo K81590 60 30 service

Gr P11 11/4Cr-

1/2Mo-Si K11597 60 30 Gr P12 1Cr- 1/2Mo K11562 60 30 Gr P21 3Cr- 1/2Mo K31545 60 30 Gr P22 21/4Cr- 1Mo K21590 60 30

SA-358 Gr 304 18Cr- 8Ni WP S30400 75 30

Gr 304L 18Cr- 8Ni S30403 70 25 electric-fusion

Gr 304N 18Cr- 8Ni-N S30451 80 35 welded

austentic

Gr

304LN 18Cr- 8Ni-N S30453 75 30 chromium-

nickel Gr 304H 18Cr- 8Ni S30409 75 30 alloy steel pipe

Gr 309 23Cr- 12Ni S30900 75 30 low-

temperature Gr 310 25Cr- 20Ni S31000 75 30 service

Gr 316 16Cr- 12Ni-

2Mo S31600 75 30

Gr 316L 16Cr- 12Ni-

2Mo S31603 70 25

Gr 316H 16Cr- 12Ni-

2Mo S31609 75 30

Gr 316N 16Cr- 12Ni-

2Mo-N S31651 80 35

Gr 316N 16Cr- 12Ni-

2Mo-N S31653 75 30 Gr 321 18Cr-10Ni-Ti S32100 75 30

Gr 347 18Cr-10Ni-

Cb S34700 75 30

Gr 348 18Cr-10Ni-

Cb S34800 75 30



157



Gr XM-

19 22Cr-13Ni-

5Mn S22100 100 55 SA-369 Gr FP1 C-1/2Mo FBP K11522 55 30

Gr FP2 1/2Cr-1/2Mo K11547 55 30 carbon and

ferretic Gr FP5 5Cr-1/2Mo K41545 60 30 alloy steel

Gr FP9 9Cr-1Mo K90941 60 30 for high-

temperature Gr FP11

11/4Cr-1/2Mo-Si K11597 60 30 service

Gr FP12 1Cr-1/2Mo K11562 60 30 Gr FP21 3Cr-1Mo K31545 60 30 Gr FP22 21/4Cr-1Mo K21590 60 30

SA-376

Gr TP304 18Cr- 8Ni SP S30400 75 30

Gr

TP304H 18Cr-8Ni S30409 75 30 austentic steel

pipe

Gr

TP304N 18Cr-8Ni-N S30451 80 35 for high

temperature

Gr

TP304LN 18Cr-8Ni-N S30453 75 30 central station

Gr

TP316 16Cr- 12Ni-

2Mo S31600 75 30 service

Gr

TP316H 16Cr- 12Ni-

2Mo S31609 75 30

Gr

TP316N 16Cr- 12Ni-

2Mo-N S31651 80 35

Gr

TP316LN 16Cr- 12Ni-

2Mo-N S31653 75 30

Gr

TP321 18Cr-10Ni-Ti S32100 75 30 <3/8in

Gr

TP321 18Cr-10Ni-Ti S32100 70 25 >3/8in

Gr

TP321H 18Cr-10Ni-Ti S32109 75 30 <3/8in

Gr

TP321H 18Cr-10Ni-Ti S32109 70 25 >3/8in

Gr

TP347 18Cr-10Ni-

Cb S34700 75 30

Gr

TP347H 18Cr-10Ni-

Cb S34709 75 30

Gr TP 348

18Cr-10Ni-Cb S34800 75 30

SA-409

Gr TP304 18Cr- 8Ni WP S30400 75 30

Gr

TP304L 18Cr-8Ni S30403 70 25 large diameter

Gr

TP316 16Cr-12Ni-

2Mo S31600 75 30 austentic steel

Gr

TP316L 16Cr-12Ni-

2Mo S31603 70 25 for corrosive or

Gr

TP321 18Cr-10Ni-Ti S32100 75 30 high-

temperature

Gr

TP347 18Cr-10Ni-

Cb S34700 75 30 service Gr 18Cr-10Ni-Ti S34800 75 30



158



TP348 SA-426 Gr CP1 C-1/2Mo CCP J12521 65 35 CP1

Gr CP2 1/2Cr-1/2Mo J11547 60 30 Centrfugally

cast CP2

Gr CP5 5Cr-1/2Mo J42045 90 60 ferritic alloy

steel CP5

Gr CP9 9Cr-1Mo J82090 90 60 for high-

temperature CP9

Gr CP11 11/4Cr-1/2Mo J12072 70 40 service CP11

Gr CP12 1Cr-1/2Mo J11562 60 30 CP12 Gr CP21 3Cr-1Mo J31545 60 30 CP21 Gr CP22 21/4Cr-1Mo J21890 70 40 CP22

Gr

CPCA15 13Cr J91150 90 65 CPCA15 SA-430

Gr FP304 18Cr-8Ni FBP S30400 70 30

Gr

FP304H 18Cr-8Ni S30409 70 30 austentic steel

Gr

FP304N 18Cr-8Ni-N S03451 75 35 for high-

temperature

Gr

FP316 16Cr-12Ni-

2Mo S31600 70 30 service

Gr

FP316H 16Cr-12Ni-

2Mo S31609 70 30

Gr

FP316N 16Cr-12Ni-

2Mo-N S31651 75 35

Gr

FP321 18Cr-10Ni-Ti S32100 70 30

Gr

FP321H 18Cr-10Ni-Ti S32109 70 30

Gr

FP347 18Cr-10Ni-

Cb S34700 70 30

Gr

FP347H 18Cr-10Ni-

Cb S34709 70 30 SA-451 Gr CPF3 18Cr-8Ni CCP J92500 70 30 CPF3

Gr

CPF3A 18Cr-8Ni J92500 77 25 Centrifugally

cast CPF3A

Gr

CPF3M 16Cr-12Ni-

2Mo J92800 70 30 austentic steel CPF3M

Gr CPF8 18Cr-8Ni J92600 70 30 for high-

temperature CPF8

Gr

CPF8A 18Cr-8Ni J92600 77 35 service CPF8A

Gr

CPF8M 16Cr-12Ni-

2Mo J92900 70 30 CPF8M

Gr

CPF8C 18Cr-10Ni-

Cb J92700 70 30 CPF8C

Gr

CPH8 25Cr-12Ni J93400 65 28 CPH8

Gr

CPK20 25Cr-20Ni J94202 65 28 CPK20

Gr

CPH20 25Cr-12Ni J93402 70 30 CPH20 SA- Gr 18Cr-8Ni CWP S30409 75 30 Centrifugally



159



452 TP304H cast

Gr

TP347H 18Cr-10Ni-

Cb S34709 75 30 austentic steel

Gr

TP316H 16Cr- 12Ni-

2Mo S31609 75 30 for high-

temperature SA-660 Gr WCA C-Si Stl CCP J02504 60 30

Centrifugally cast WCA

Gr WCB C-Si Stl J03003 70 36 carbon steel WCB

Gr WCC C-Mn-Si Stl J02505 70 40 for high-

temperature WCC SA-671

Gr CA55 C Stl WP K02801 55 30 SA-285, Gr C

Gr CB60 C-Si Stl K02401 60 32 electric -fusion SA-515, Gr60 Gr CB65 C-Si Stl K02800 65 35 welded pipe SA-515, Gr65

Gr CB70 C-Si Stl KO310

1 70 38 for atmospheric

and SA-515, Gr70

Gr

CC60 C-Mn-Si Stl K02100 60 32 lower

temperatures SA-516, Gr60

Gr

CC65 C-Mn-Si Stl K02403 65 35 SA-516, Gr65

Gr

CC70 C-Mn-Si Stl K02700 70 38 SA-516, Gr70

Gr

CD70 C-Mn-Si Stl K02400 70 50 SA-537, Cl 1

Gr

CD80 C-Mn-Si Stl K02400 80 60 SA-537, Cl 2

Gr

CE55 C-Mn-Si Stl KO220

2 55 30 SA-442, Cr 55

Gr

CE60 C-Mn-Si Stl K02402 60 32 SA-442, Cr 60

Gr

CK75 C-Mn-Si Stl K02803 75 40 SA-299 SA-672 Gr A45 C Stl WP K01700 45 24 SA-285, Gr A

Gr A50 C Stl K02200 50 27 electric -fusion SA-285, Gr B Gr A55 C Stl K02801 55 30 welded pipe SA-285, Gr C

Gr B55 C-Si Stl K02001 55 30 for high-pressure SA-515, Gr55

Gr B60 C-Si Stl K02401 60 32 service at moderate SA-515,Gr60

Gr B65 C-Si Stl K02800 65 35 temperature SA-515,Gr65 Gr B70 C-Si Stl K03101 70 38 SA-515,Gr70 Gr C55 C-Si Stl K01800 55 30 SA-515,Gr55 Gr C60 C-Mn-Si Stl K02100 60 32 SA-516,Gr60 Gr C65 C-Mn-Si Stl K02403 65 35 SA-516,Gr65 Gr C70 C-Mn-Si Stl K02700 70 38 SA-516,Gr70 Gr D70 C-Mn-Si Stl K02400 70 50 SA-537, Cl 1 Gr D80 C-Mn-Si Stl K02400 80 60 SA-537, Cl 2 Gr E55 C-Mn-Si Stl K02202 55 30 SA-442, Gr55 Gr E60 C-Mn-Si Stl K02402 60 32 SA-442, Gr60 Gr H75 Mn-1/2Mo K12021 75 45 SA-302, Gr A



160



Gr J80 Mn-1/2Mo-

1/2Ni K12539 80 50 SA-533, Gr B, Cl

1

Gr J90 Mn-1/2Mo-

1/2Ni K12539 90 70 SA-533, Gr B, Cl

2

Gr J100 Mn-1/2Mo-

1/2Ni K12539 100 83 SA-533, Gr B, Cl3 Gr L65 C-1/2Mo K11820 65 37 SA-204, Gr A Gr L70 C-1/2Mo K12020 70 40 SA-204, Gr B Gr L75 C-1/2Mo K12320 75 43 SA-204, Gr C Gr N75 C-Mn-Si Stl K02803 75 40 SA-299

SA-691

Gr CM65 C-1/2Mo WP K11820 65 37

carbon and alloy A204, Gr A

Gr

CM70 C-1/2Mo K12020 70 40 electric-fusion A204, Gr B

Gr

CM75 C-1/2Mo K12320 75 43 welded for high A204, Gr C

Gr CMSH-

70 C-Mn-Si Stl K02400 70 50 pressure and A537, Cl1

Gr CMS-

75 C-Mn-Si Stl K02803 75 40 temperature SA-731

Gr TPXM-33 27Cr-1Mo-Ti Sm&WP S44626 65 40 martensitic

Gr TPXM-33 27Cr-1Mo S44627 65 40 stainless steel

SA-813

Gr TP304 18Cr-8Ni WP S30400 75 30

Gr

TP304H 18Cr-8Ni S30409 75 30 single or double

Gr TP304

L 18Cr-8Ni S30403 70 25 welded

Gr

TP304N 18Cr-8Ni-N S30451 80 32 austentic

Gr

TP304LN 18Cr-8Ni-N S30453 75 30 stainless steel

Gr

TP309S 23Cr-12Ni S30908 75 30

Gr

TP316 16Cr-12Ni-

2Mo S31600 75 30

Gr

TP316H 16Cr-12Ni-

2Mo S31609 75 30

Gr

TP316L 16Cr-12Ni-

2Mo S31603 70 25

Gr TP316N

16Cr-12Ni-2Mo-N S31651 80 32

Gr

TP321 18Cr-10Ni-Ti S32100 75 30

Gr

TP321H 18Cr-10Ni-Ti S32109 75 30

Gr

TP347 18Cr-10Ni-

Cb S34700 75 30

Gr

TP347H 18Cr-10Ni-

Cb S34709 75 30

Gr

TP348 18Cr-10Ni-

Cb S34800 75 30 Gr 18Cr-10Ni- S34809 75 30



161



TP348H Cb

SA-814

Gr TP304 18Cr-8Ni CWWP S30400 75 30

Gr

TP304H 18Cr-8Ni S30409 75 30 cold-worked

Gr TP304

L 18Cr-8Ni S30403 70 25 welded

austentic

Gr

TP304N 18Cr-8Ni-N S30451 80 35 stainless steel

Gr

TP304LN 18Cr-8Ni-N S30453 75 30

Gr

TP316 16Cr-12Ni-

2Mo S31600 75 30

Gr

TP316H 16Cr-12Ni-

2Mo S31609 75 30

Gr

TP316L 16Cr-12Ni-

2Mo S31603 70 25

Gr TP316N

16Cr-12Ni-2Mo-N S31651 80 35

Gr

TP321 18Cr-10Ni-Ti S32100 75 30

Gr

TP321H 18Cr-10Ni-Ti S32109 75 30

Gr

TP347H 18Cr-10Ni-

Cb S34709 75 30

Gr

TP348 18Cr-10Ni-

Cb S34800 75 30

Gr

TP348H 18Cr-10Ni-

Cb S34809 75 30 Sm = Seamless Pipe W = Welded Pipe







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