REGIONAL WORKSHOP Central Africa
Developing Skills to Accelerate Renewable Energy Deployment
Reinforcing Professional Capacities in RETScreen Expert for Clean Energy Project Analysis
April 17-19, 2018 Yaounde, Cameroon
Facilitator: Charles Diarra, Ph.D. Email: [email protected] Tel: 647 522 2663 Mississauga ON, Canada
Contents
• Objectives
• Introduction to RETScreen Expert software and overview
• Definition of clean energy technologies
• Clean energy project analysis with RETScreen Expert – Benchmark analysis – Energy performance analysis – Portfolio analysis – Feasibility analysis (energy, cost, emission, financial, and
sensitivity/risk analysis)
• Example of case studies
Objectives
A general understanding of RETScreen® for : Clean energy project analysis Technical and financial analysis of clean energy projects Computation of GHG Financial viability of clean energy projects (simple pay back
period, NPV, ROI etc. ) Case studies (PV, EE)
Introduction to RETScreen Expert software
• RETScreen Expert is a clean energy project analysis software that can be used worldwide to evaluate the energy production and savings, costs, emission reductions, financial viability and risk analysis of various types of renewable energy and energy-efficient technologies, including cogeneration and energy performance analysis
• RETScreen Expert is a unique decision support tool
• Developed with the contribution of numerous experts from government, industry, and academia
• The software is available in multiple languages (36 languages) and also includes product, project, hydrology and climate databases
• A detailed user manual and a case study based college/university-level training course
• Download at: http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/energy/software-tools/7465 • Users in more than 220 countries • More than 1000 new users every week • Over 300 universities and colleges active
• Data base with 4700 data-recording stations in collaboration with NASA
RETScreen Software Overview
• Aimed at facilitating pre-feasibility and feasibility analysis of clean energy technologies.
• The core of the tool consists of a standardized and integrated project analysis
• Software which can be used worldwide to evaluate the energy production, life-cycle costs
• Each model also includes integrated product, cost and weather databases and a detailed online user manual,
• Helps to dramatically reduce the time and cost associated with preparing pre-feasibility studies.
• RETScreen Software is perhaps the quickest and easiest tool for the estimation of the viability of a potential clean energy project.
• More than 575,000 users worldwide with more than 50,000 new users every year
• Utilised in more than 1,000 universities et colleges for teaching and research
• More than 8 billons dollars saved by users since 1998
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Conventional Efficient Efficient & Renewable
Ener
gy D
eman
d
Energy Efficiency • Using less energy resources to
meet the same energy needs
Renewable Energy • Using non-depleting natural
resources to meet energy needs
What are clean energy technologies
Photo : Jerry Shaw © Ministre de Ressources naturelles Canada 2001 – 2004.
Clean Energy Technologies
Super Insulated Passive Solar Home
Photo: Jerry Shaw
RETScreen Benchmark Analysis
• The RETScreen Benchmark Analysis Module allows the user to – Quickly establish reference climate conditions at a facility site for any
location on earth – Compare the energy performance of various types of reference
(benchmark) facilities with the estimated (modelled) – Measured (actual) annual energy consumption of a facility
• Energy benchmarking can help designers, facility operators, managers and
senior decision-makers quickly gauge a facility’s energy performance, i.e., expected energy consumption or production versus reference facilities, and the scope for improvements
RETScreen Energy Performance Analysis
• The Performance Analysis Module helps you monitor, analyze, and report key energy performance data to facility operators, managers and senior decision-makers
• Implementing an energy monitoring, targeting and reporting (MT&R) system can be a powerful way to better manage energy project investments as well as identify additional project opportunities
• In addition, the measurement and verification (M&V) of actual savings (or production) achieved by a clean energy project is an important final step in the energy decision chain.
RETScreen Portfolio Analysis
• The Portfolio Analysis Module permits portfolio-wide analysis across numerous investments, from multiple energy efficiency measures in a single residential property to a portfolio comprising thousands of commercial/institutional buildings, industrial facilities and/or power generation plants
RETScreen Feasibility Analysis
• The Feasibility Analysis Module, including the Virtual Energy Analyzer, allows professionals and decision-makers to rapidly identify and assess the viability of potential energy efficiency and renewable energy projects around the world
• A five step standard analysis, including energy analysis, cost analysis, emission analysis, financial analysis, and sensitivity/risk analysis facilitates this energy project analysis
A platform for communications
P – RETScreen - 10
Data from NASA
SSE SSE Web Site
http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/sse/ > 200 solar and meteorology parameters; averaged from 23 years of data
March 3, 2008 NASA Langley
Research Center
NASA Observing Spacecraft for Earth System Research
13 March 3, 2008 NASA Langley Research Center
13
NASA Observing Spacecraft for Earth System Research
The Overall Workflow
REGIONAL WORKSHOP Central Africa
Developing Skills to Accelerate Renewable Energy Deployment
Reinforcing Professional Capacities in RETScreen Expert for Clean Energy Project Analysis
CASE STUDIES
April 17-19, 2018 Yaounde, Cameroon
Facilitator: Charles Diarra, Ph.D. Email: [email protected] Tel: 647 522 2663 Mississauga ON, Canada
Contents
• Objectives
• Energy project implementation process
• Case study 1: Feasibility Analysis of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Power System - 100 kW
• Case study 2: Feasibility Analysis of Grid-Connected Mini-hydro Power Plant - 6,700 kW
• Case study 3: Feasibility Analysis of Energy Efficiency Measures for a Commercial/Institutional Office Building - Modelling National Energy Code for Buildings
Objectives
Present case studies and do a RETScreen clean energy project analysis that includes: Technical and financial analysis Evaluation of GHG emissions Viability project (pay back periods, NPV, IRR )
Feasibility Analysis
Developpement & ingénieriing
Construction & Commissioning
© Ministre de Ressources naturelles Canada 2001 – 2004.
Energy Project Implementation Process
Pre-feasibility Analysis
Significant barrier
Clean Energy projects not being considered up-front !
Questions for early stages of project implementation
© Ministre de Ressources naturelles Canada 2001 – 2004.
What is an acceptable level of accuracy for project cost estimates?
How much do these studies typically cost?
$100 to $1,000,000!
Accuracy vs. Investment Cost Dilemma
Key (Output) Indicators of Financial Viability
© Minister of Natural Resources Canada 2001 – 2004.
Simple Payback Net Present Value (NPV)
Internal Rate of Return (IRR & ROI)
Meaning # of years to recoup additional costs from
annual savings
Total value of project in today’s dollars
Interest yield of project during its lifetime
Example 3 year simple payback $1.5 million NPV 17 % IRR
Criteria Payback < n years Positive indicates profitable project
IRR > hurdle rate
Comment • Misleading • Ignores financing & long-term cashflows • Use when cashflow is tight
• Good measure • User must specify discount rate
• Can be fooled when cashflow goes positive-negative- positive
Case study 1: Feasibility Analysis of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Power System - 100 kW
Overview of project
Grid Type
For small power system technolgies
On-Grid Systems
• PV Integration
Distributed
Centralised
• Grid-Type
Central
Isolated
• Not usually cost-effective
without subsidies
Source: Photovoltaics in Cold Climates, Ross & Royer, eds. © Minister of Natural Resources Canada 2001 – 2004.
Off-Grid Systems
• Configuration
Stand-alone
Hybrid
• Often very cost-effective
Small loads best (< 10
kWp)
Lower capital costs than
grid extension
Lower O&M costs than
gensets and primary
batteries
Source: Photovoltaics in Cold Climates, Ross & Royer, eds.
© Minister of Natural Resources Canada 2001 – 2004.
Questions
What could be the most expensive component for a PV system?
i. PV Module? ii. Batteries? iii. Or any other components?
On-grid house, 1 kW (38ºN, California)
Energy = 1.6 MWh/year Cost = $0.35/kWh
Grid Cost = $0.08/kWh
Examples of PV System Costs
ArrayInverterInstalMisc.
Off-grid telecom hybrid, 2.5 kW (50ºS, Argentina)
Energy = 5MWh/year, (PV=50%) Cost = $2.70/kWh
Genset/Battery Cost = $4.00/kWh
ArrayBatteryDes.&InstallGensetFuelOperationMisc
© Minister of Natural Resources Canada 2001 – 2004.
Case study 1: Feasibility Analysis of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Power System - 100 kW
RETScreen Analysis
Case study 2: Feasibility Analysis of Grid-Connected Mini-hydro Power Plant - 6,700 kW
Overview of project
© Minister of Natural Resources Canada 2001 – 2004.
Photo Credit: SNC-Lavalin
Example of a run-of-river Small Hydro Project in Canada
Small Hydro System Description
Head (m) Head (m)
Flow (m3/s)
Power in kW ≈ 7 x Head x Flow
© Minister of Natural Resources Canada 2001 – 2004.
• “Small” is not universally defined
– Size of project related not just to electrical capacity but also to whether low or high head
“Small” Hydro Projects
Typical Power
RETScreen®
Flow RETScreen®
Runner Diameter
Micro < 100 kW < 0.4 m3/s < 0.3 m
Mini 100 to 1,000 kW 0.4 to 12.8 m3/s 0.3 to 0.8 m
Small 1 to 50 MW > 12.8 m3/s > 0.8 m
© Minister of Natural Resources Canada 2001 – 2004.
Case study 2: Feasibility Analysis of Grid-Connected Mini-hydro Power Plant - 6,700 kW
RETScreen Analysis
Case study 3: Feasibility Analysis of Energy Efficiency Measures for a Commercial/Institutional Office Building -
Modelling National Energy Code for Buildings
Overview of project
The Target: Lighting Requirement
• Specified in lux (lumens/m2) • Depends on location and task at
that location – Exterior walkway: 50 lux – General circulation: 100-150 lux – Minimum task lighting: 200 lux – Reading: 300 lux – Writing, inspection: 500 lux – Very fine work: 1,500 lux – High-precision work: 3,000 lux
100 lux
500 lux
The Obstacles: Influence of Reflector and Room
• All light from lamp does not make it to work surface
• Reflections aren’t 100% – Reflector (diffuse): 70-80% – Reflector (specular): 85-95% – Diffuser/shield: 50-85% – Walls: 30 to 60% – Ceiling: 40 to 80% – Floor: 10 to 50%
• Losses in room depend on colour, dirt levels (e.g., in industry)
• Utilization factor: typically 30 to 70% of lamp output reaches work plane
Reflector: more downward light,
fewer reflections, better utilization
factor
Wider rooms have better utilization factor than tall, narrow room
The Source: Lamp and Ballast Efficacy
• Ballast: controls current to some types of lamps (e.g., fluorescent)– Electronic ballasts more efficient than electromagnetic
• Efficacy (lm/W): ratio of power output of light visible to human eye (in lumens) toinput electrical power (in watts)
• Light Loss Factor (LLF): aging and dirt reduce output(to ~80% of new; depends on maintenance)
Type Efficacy Typical Lifetime Colour Rendering Incandescent 10-18 lm/W 1,000 hr Excellent Halogen 14-18 2,000 hr Excellent Fluorescent 70-90 15 to 20,000 hr Good Compact fluorescent 70-90 10,000 hr Excellent Mercury vapour 30-50 24,000 hr Poor Metal halide 60-90 15 to 20,000 hr Good-excellent High-pressure sodium 90-100 24,000 hr Poor Low-pressure sodium 90-200 16,000 hr Undefined (poor) Exposed LED lamp 70-100 100,000 h r Variable Induction 60-80 60 to 100,000 hr Good-excellent
Typical Lighting Load per Unit Area
(Assuming utilization factor of 0.5 and Light Loss Factor of 0.8)
Lighting Level Incandescent Fluorescent Sodium 1 lux = 1 lm/m2
= 0.09 lm/ft2 15 lm/W 60 lm/W 105 lm/W
Outdoor walkway 20 lux 3.3 W/m2 (0.31
W/ft2)0.8 W/m2 (0.07
W/ft2) 0.5 W/m2 (0.05
W/ft2) Warehouse corridor 100 lux 17 (1.6) 4.2 (0.39) 2.4 (0.22)
Residential office 400 lux 67 (6.2) 17 (1.6) 9.5 (0.88)
Retail watchmaker 1,500 lux 250 (23) 63 (5.9) 36 (3.3)
Case study 3: Feasibility Analysis of Energy Efficiency Measures for a Commercial/Institutional Office Building -
Modelling National Energy Code for Buildings
RETScreen Analysis
CASE STUDIES
The following case studies were presented.
Case study 1: Feasibility Analysis of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Power System
Case study 2: Feasibility Analysis of Grid-Connected Mini-hydro Power Plant
Case study 3: Feasibility Analysis of Energy Efficiency Measures for a Commercial/Institutional Office Building
