650 GENERAL COUNCIL OF MEDICAL EDUCATION.

SESSION 1900-1901.

GENERAL COUNCIL OF MEDICAL EDUCA-TION AND REGISTRATION OF THE

UNITED KINGDOM.

Registration of Medical Students.-The following are theGeneral Medical Council’s Regulations in reference to theregistration of students in medicine :-Every medical student shall be registered in the manner

prescribed by the General Medical Council. No medicalstudent shall be registered until he has passed a preliminaryexamination as required by the General Medical Council andhas produced evidence that he has commenced medicalHudy. The commencement of the course of professionalstudy recognised by any of the qualifying bodies shall nothe reckoned as dating earlier than fifteen days before thedate of registration. The registration of medical studentsshall be placed under the charge of the branch registrars.Every person desirous of being registered as a medical studentshall apply to the branch registrar of the division of theUnited Kingdom in which he is residing ; and shall produceor forward to the branch registrar a certificate of his havingpassed a preliminary examination as required by the GeneralMedical Council, and evidence that he has commenced medicalstudy. The branch registrar shall enter the applicant’s nameand other particulars in the Students’ Register, and shallgive him a certificate of such registration. Each of thebranch registrars shall supply to the several qualifying bodies,medical schools, and hospitals, in that part of the UnitedKingdom of which he is registrar, a sufficient number of blankforms of application for the registration of medical students.Applications for special exceptions are dealt with by theStudents’ Registration Committee, which reports all suchcases to the Council.The Preliminary Examination in General Education,

required to be passed previously to registration as a medicalstudent, shall be as follows:-" 1. English language, including grammar and composition. 2. Latin,

including grammar, translation from specified authors, and translationof easy passages not taken from such authors. 3. Mathematics, com-prising (a) arithmetic, (b) algebra, as far as simple equations, inclusive;(c) geometry, the subject matter of Euclid, Books I., II., and III., witheasy deductions. 4. One of the following optional subjects: (ft) Greek,(b) French, (e) German, (d) Italian, (e) any other modern language."In many cases the Council will not accept certificates of pass in Pre-

liminary Examination in General Education unless the whole of thesubjects included in the Preliminary Examination required by theCouncil for Registration of Students of Medicine have been passed atthe fMM6 time.

Professional Education.-The course of professional studyafter registration shall occupy at least five years. TheFinal examination in Medicine, Surgery, and Midwiferymust not be passed before the close of the fifth academicyear of medical study.The following is a list of Examining Bodies whose exa-

minations in general education are recognised by theGeneral Medical Council as qualifying for registration as amedical or dental student the applicant producing satis-

factory evidence that he has passed them :-I.-UNIVERSITIES IN THE UNITED KINGDOM.

University of Oxford.-Junior Local Examinations. SeniorLocal Examinations. Responsions. Moderations. FinalExamination for a degree in Arts.

University of Cambridqe. -Junior Local Examinations.Senior Local Examinations. Higher Local Examinations.Previous Examination. General Examination. Final Exa-mination for a degree in Arts.

University of Durham.-Examination for Certificate ofProficiency. Preliminary Examination in Arts for Gradua-tion in Medicine and Science. Final Examination for adecree in Arts.

University of London.-Matriculation Examination. FinalExamination for a degree in Arts or Science.

Victoria University.-Preliminary Examination. EntranceExamination in Arts. Final Examination for a degree inArts or Science.

University of Birmingham.-Matriculation Examination.University of Wales.-Matriculation Examination. Final

Examination for a degree in Arts or Science.University of .Edinburgh.-Local Examinations (Senior and

Junior). Preliminary Examination for Graduation in Artsor Science or Medicine and Surgery. Final Examinationfor a degree in Arts or Science.

University of Aberdeen.-Local Examinations (Senior andJunior). Preliminary Examination for Graduation in Arts orScience or Medicine and Surgery. Final Examination for adegree in Arts or Science.

University of Glasgow. - Preliminary Examination forGraduation in Arts or Science or Medicine and Surgery.Final Examination for a degree in Arts or Science.

University of St. Andrews.-Preliminary Examination forGraduation in Arts or Science or Medicine and Surgery.Final Examination for a degree in Arts or Science or for thediploma of L.L,A.

University of Dublin. - Public Entrance Examination.Examination for the first, second, third, or fourth year inArts. Final Examination for a degree in Arts.Royal Uiziversity of Ireland.-Matriculation Examinatioi2,

Final Examination for a degree in Arts or Science.Oxford and Cambridge Schools Examination Board.-

Lower certificate (to include all the required subjects at one, time). Higher certificate (to include the required subjects).

II.—MEDICAL LICENSING BODIES.

Royal Colleges of Physicians and Surgeons in Ireland.-; Preliminary Examination.l

III -EDUCATIONAL BODIES OTHER THAN UNIVERSITIES.. College of Preceptors. -Examination for a First Class

Certificate.Intermediate Education Board of Ireland.-Junior or

, Middle Grade Examination ; Senior Grade Examination.Educational Institute oj Scotland. - Preliminary Medical

Examination.Scotch Education Departznertt. - Leaving Certificates in

Lower and Higher Grades and in Honours.Central Welsh Board.-Senior Certificate Examination.

. IV. - INDIAN, COLONIAL, AND FOREIGN UNIVERSITIES3 AND COLLEGES.

The Certificates from Indian, Colonial, and ForeignUniversities and Colleges must contain evidence that the

, Examination has been conducted by or under the authorityof the Body granting it, must include all the subjects requiredby the General Medical Council, and must state that all thesubjects of Examination have been passed in at one time;copies of the form of the required Certificate are supplied

by the Registrar of the Council for the purpose. In the caseof Natives of India or other Oriental countries whose ver-

’ nacular is other than English an Examination in a Classic;- Oriental Langusge may be accepted instead of an Examina-e tion in Latin.

e H. E. Allen, LL.B., Registrar of the General Council.’

and of the Branch Council for England, 299, Oxford-street,q London, W.-James Robertson, Registrar of the Branch

e Council for Scotland, 48. George-Equare, Edinburgh.-S. W.

y Wilson, L.R.C.P. Irel., Registrar of the Branch Council for

c Ireland, 35, Dawson-street, Dublin.

REGULATIONSOF THE

MEDICAL EXAMINING BODIES IN THEUNITED KINGDOM.

UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD.THERE are two degrees in Medicine, B.M. and D.M., and

two degrees in Surgery, B.Ch. and M.Ch.The B.M. and B. Ch. degrees are granted to those

members of the University who have passed the SecondExamination. Graduates in Arts (B.A. or M.A.) are aloneeligible for these two degrees. In order to obtain thedegrees of B.M. and B.Ch. the following examinations mustbe passed :-1. Preliminary subjects : Mechanics and Physics,Chemistry, Animal Morphology and Botany. 2. Profes-sional. (a) First Examination: Subjects -Organic Che-mistry, unless the candidate has obtained a first or secondclass in Chemistry in the Natural Science School; HumanPhysiology unless he has obtained a first or second class inAnimal Physiology in the Natural Science School; HumanAnatomy, and Materia Medica with Pharmacy. (b) SecondExamination : Subjects- Medicine, Surgery, Midwifery,Pathology, Forensic Medicine with Hygiene. The approxi-mate dates of the examinations are as follows :-Prelimi-naries—Mechanics, Physics and Chemistry, December and

1 The Council has recommended that this examination be diE-continued.

651UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD.-UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE.

Jane ; Animal Morphology, December and March ; Botany,March and Jane; Professional (First and Second B.M.)June and December.The degree of D. M. is granted to Bachelors of Medicine of

the University-(1) who took the degree of B.M. previouslyto the end of Trinity Term, 1886, provided they have spentthree years in the practice of Medicine after taking thatdegree, and have composed a dissertation on some medicalsubject approved by the Regius Professor of Medicine, beforewhom it must be read in public ; (2) who took the degree ofB.M. subsequently to the end of Trinity Term, 1886, providedthey have entered their thirty-ninth term and have com-posed on some medical subject a dissertation which isapproved by the professors in the Faculty of Medicine andexaminers for the degree of B.M. whose subject is dealtwith. A book published within two years of the candidate’sapplication for the degree may be substituted for a disserta-tion. The degree of M.Ch. is granted to Bachelors of Surgeryof the University who have entered their twenty-seventhterm, who are members of the surgical staff of a recognisedhospital, or have acted as Dresser or House Surgeon in sucha hospital for six months, and who have passed an examina-tion in Surgery, Surgical Anatomy, and Surgical Operations.This examination is held annually, in June, at the end of theSecond B.M. Examination.The First Examination for the degrees of B. M. and B. Ch.

may be passed as soon as the Preliminary Scientific Exami-nations have been completed. The subjects of this examina-tion may be presented separately or in any-combination orin any order, provided Anatomy and Physiology be passedtogether.The Second Examination may be passed after the com-

pletion of the first, but Pathology may be professed before,with, or after the remaining subjects. Before admission tothe Second Examination candidates must present Certificatesof instruction in Infectious and Mental Diseases, and ofattendance on Labours, and of proficiency in the practice ofVaccination.

&Itolars7tips, &c.-Scholarships in some branch of NaturalScience (Chemistry, Physics, Biology) of the averagevalue of £80 per annum, tenable for four years andrenewable under certain conditions for a fifth year, as

well as Exhibitions of a less annual value, are awardedafter competitive examination every year by some of theColleges. Notices of vacancy, &c., are published in theUniversity Gazette. In February there is competed forannually by those who, having obtained a first-class in

any school (Moderations or final), or a Scholarship or Prizeopen to general competition in the University, have passedall the examinations for the degree of B.M. one RadcliffeTravelling Fellowship. It is tenable for three years and isof the annual value of .S200. The examination is partlyscientific, partly medical. The holder must travel abroadfor the purpose of medical study. A Rolleston MemorialPrize is awarded once in two years to members of theUniversities of Oxford and Cambridge of not more than tenyears’ standing for an original research in some Biologicalsubiect including Physiology or Pathology.More detailed information may be obtained from the

University Calendar ; from the Examination Statntes, 1894,which contain the official schedules of the several subjectsof examination in both Arts and Medicine; from theStudent’s Handbook to the University, published by theClarendon Press ; from the Regius Professor of Medicine ;4nd from the Professors in the several departments ofmedical science.The Lecturers for the various subjects are as follows :—

Regius Professor of Medicine: Sir J. S. Burdon-Sanderson,D.M. Pathological Histology and Practical Bacteriology: TheLecturer in Pathology, J. Ritchie, D.M. Edin. Professor ofHaman Anatomy: A. Tnomson. M.A. Waynnate Professor ofPhysiology: F. Gotch, M.A. University Lecturer on Physio-ingy : J. S. Haldane, M.A. Practical Physiology andHistology : G. Mann, D.M. Edin. Physiological Chemistry :Walter Rimsden, M.A. Lichfield Lecturer in ClinicalMedicine : W. Collier, M.A., D.M. Camb. LicbfieldLecturer in Clinical Surgery: Alfred Winkfield, F.R C.S.Eng. Organic Chemistry in Relation to Medicine, &c.,followed by Practical Work : Aldrichian Demonstrator,W. W. Fisher, M.A., and J. E. Marsh, M.A. Lecturerin Materia Medica and Pharmacology : W. J. Smith Jerome,’B M. Land. Linacre Professor of Comparative Anatomy,W. F. R. Weldon, M.A. E;ementary Animal Morphology(Practical): the Aldrichian Demonstrator. E. Goodr.’cb, M.A.,nd assistants. Sherardian Professor of Botany : S. H. Vines,

M.A. Waynflete Professor of Chemistry: W. Odling, M.A.Leas Reader in Chemistry: A. G. Vernon Harcourt, M.A.Laboratory Instruction : W. W. Fisher. M.A., J. Watts, M.A.,V. H. Veley. M.A., and J. E. Marsh, M.A. Professor of Ex-perimental Philosophy : R. B. Clifton, M.A. Instruction inPractical Physics: R. B. Clifton, M.A., J. Walker, M.A.,and J. C. Alsop, B.A. Elementary Heat and Light: LeesReader in Physics, R. E. Baynes, M.A. ElementaryMechanics : F. J. Smith, M.A.

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE.

I The student must enter at one of the Colleges, or as

a. non-collegiate student, and keep nine terms byresidence in the University. He must pass the PreviousExamination in Classics, Mathematics, &c , which may, andshould if possible, be done before coming into residence inOctober, or he may obtain exemption through the Oxford andCambridge Schools Examination Board or the CambridgeSenior Local Examinations. He may then devote himself tomedical study in the University, attending the hospital andthe medical lectures, dissecting, &c. Or he may, as nearlyall students now do, proceed to take a degree in Arts, eithercontinuing mathematical and classical study and passingthe ordinary examinations for B.A., or going out inone of the Honour Triposes. The Natural SciencesTripos is the most appropriate, as some of the subjects arepractically the same as those for the firat and second M.B.examinations.For the degree of Bachelor of Medicine (M.B.) five years

of medical study are required. This time may be spent inCambridge or at one of the recognised Schools of Medicine.The first three or four years are usually spent in

Cambridge, the student remaining in the Universitytill he has passed, say, the examination for theNatural Sciences Tripos and the first and second examina-tions for M.B. Cambridge being now a complete School ofMedicine, all the requisite lectures and hospital practicemay be attended here, and many students remain to attendlectures and hospital practice until they have passed thefirst part of the third examination for M.B. The supplyof subjects for Dissection is abundant and the laboratoriesfor Pathology, Bacteriology, and Pharmacology are wellequipped. Addenbrooke’s Hospital provides for the necessaryclinical training.There are three examinations for M.B. The first includes

Chemistry and other branches of Physics, and ElementaryBiology. These parts may be taken together or separately.The second includes Human Anatomy and Physiology, andPharmaceutical Chemistry. These may be taken together orseparately. The third may also be taken in two part,-viz., (1) Principles and Practice of Surgery (with Operativeand Clinical Surgery) and Midwifery and Diseases ofWomen; and (2) Pathology, Princip:es and Practice ofMedicine, including Pharmacology and Therapeutics,Elements of Hygiene, Medical Jurisprudence and MentalDiseases. The examinations are partly in writicg,partly oral, and partly practical, in the hospital, in the dis-secting-room, and in the laboratories. An Act has then tobe kept in the Public Schools, by the candidate reading anoriginal dissertation composed by himself on some subjectapproved by the Regius Professor of Physic.As Operative and Clinical Surgery now form parts of the

third M.B. examination candidates who have passed bothparts of that examination are admitted to the registrabledegree of Bachelor of Surgery (B.C.) without s aparateexamination and without keeping an Act.The degree of Doctor of Medicine may be taken three

years after that of M.B. or four years after that of M.A.An Act has to be kept, consisting of an original Thesissustained in the Public Schools, with vivâ-voce examinition ;and an extempore Essay has to be written on some s ibjectrelating to Physiology, Pathology, the Practice of Medicine,or State Medicine.

For the degree of Master of Surgery (M. C. the candidatemust have passed all the examinations for B C., or

it he is an M.A. have obtained some other registrablequalification in surgery. He is required either (1) to

pass an examination in Surgical Anatomy and SurgicalOperations, Pathology, and the Principles and Practiceof Surgery, and to write an extempore Essay on

a Surgical Subject: or (2) to submit to the MedicalBoard original contributions to the advancement of theScience or Art of Surgery. Before he can be admitted to theexamination two years at least must have elapsed from