1
RELATIONAL ANATOMICAL TERMSRELATIONAL ANATOMICAL TERMS
_____________
or_______
_______ _____________ _______
______
Neuraxis
____________
also:-
________or
________Chap. 2- 2
___________- _____________- ___________
RELATIONAL ANATOMICAL TERMSRELATIONAL ANATOMICAL TERMS_______
_________or
_________________
or_______
Chap. 2- 3
________
2
Some jargon for neural projections in the Central Nervous SystemSome jargon for neural projections in the Central Nervous System(or how neurons talk to other neurons!)(or how neurons talk to other neurons!)
Neural Projections: _______________________________________________________________________________________________
Afferent: _______________________________Efferent: __________________________________
Track: _______________________________________________________Nerve: __________________________________________________________
Chap. 2- 4
__________________________________
Ganglion(a): ________________________________________Nucleus(i): ______________________________________
MENINGES AND CEREBROSPINAL FLUIDMENINGES AND CEREBROSPINAL FLUID
Chap. 2- 5
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF):
- your brain is “floating” inside your head!!!
3
NERVOUS SYSTEMNERVOUS SYSTEM
(includes cranial nerves)
Chap. 2- 6
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEMPERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
1. Somatic Nervous System: _____________________________________________________________________________________
2. Autonomic Nervous System (self-regulating): ___________________________________________________________
a. Sympathetic Nervous System: _______________________________________________________
b. Parasympathetic Nervous System: ____________________
Chap. 2- 7
_________________________________c. Enteric Nervous System: ____________________________
____________________________
4
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEMAUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
Chap. 2- 8
SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEMSOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
Sensory: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________- ___________________________________________
Carries sensory signals from skin, skeletal muscles (proprioception), joints, bones, and other sensory systems to central nervous system = afferents to CNS
- __________________________________________________________________________________
Motor: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________- _____________________________________- _____________________________________________________
Carries motor information from the central nervous to skeletal muscles = efferents from CNS
Chap. 2- 9
Cranial nerves: ________________________________________- __________________________________________________________________________________________________________- _________________________________________
___________________________________are also part of the somatic nervous system
axons enter and exit brain via “cranial nerves”.
5
CLASSIC DERMATOMAL MAPCLASSIC DERMATOMAL MAP
Chap. 2-10
AFFERENTS AND EFFERENTS OF THE SPINAL CORDAFFERENTS AND EFFERENTS OF THE SPINAL CORD
Dorsal
Chap. 2-11
Ventral
Blue = Ascending (sensory) tractsRed = Descending (motor) tracts
6
CRANIAL NERVESCRANIAL NERVES
I. OlfactorySmell
II. OpticVision
III. OcculomotorIV. Trochlear
EyeMovement
V. TrigeminalJaw muscles, facial touch and pain
VII. FacialFacial movement and sensation
XI. Accessory SpinalNeck muscles
XII. HypoglossalTongue movement
VI. AbducensEye movement
Chap. 2-12
VIII. VestibulocochlearHearing, balance
IX. GlossopharyngealTaste, muscles of throat,pharynx, and larynx.
X. VagusInternal organs
Oh, oh, oh to touch and feel very good velvet Ah, Ha
1. Olfactory nerve2 O ti2. Optic nerve3. Occulomotor nerve4. Trochlear nerve5. Trigeminal nerve6. Abducens nerve7. Facial nerve8 Vestibulocochlear nerve8. Vestibulocochlear nerve9. Glossopharyngeal nerve10. Vagus nerve11. Accessory spinal nerve12. Hypoglossal nerve
7
THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEMTHE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
___________- ____________- ____________
Forebrain
____________- ______________Midbrain
Hindbrain
Chap. 2-13
____________- ______________- ______________
Hindbrain
MYELENCEPHALON (MEDULLA)MYELENCEPHALON (MEDULLA)
HINDBRAINHINDBRAIN
- origin of several“nuclei” that give rise to cranial nerves;
- dorsomedial medulla contains relay nuclei for sensory stimuli (nuclei cuneatus and gracilis) on their way to
METENCEPHALONMETENCEPHALON
cuneatus and gracilis) on their way to thalamus;
- contains all tracts to/from spinal cord/brain.
1. ______________: involved in motor coordination, fine motor movements, and habit learning (ex riding a
Chap. 2-14
and habit learning (ex., riding a bike)
2. ____: associated with several cranial nerves (especially for hearing), several tracts, and pontine reticular formation.
8
MESENCEPHALON (MIDBRAIN)MESENCEPHALON (MIDBRAIN)
MIDBRAINMIDBRAIN
1. _________:- Inferior colliculus:
auditory information- Superior colliculus: visual- Superior colliculus: visual
information
2. ____________:- Substantia Nigra:
Dopamine producing cells sending their axons to basal ganglia
Chap. 2-15
(these are the cells that die in Parkinson’s disease)
-Reticular formation : sleep, wakefulness, attention, etc.
FOREBRAIN. DIENCEPHALONFOREBRAIN. DIENCEPHALON1. ___________: dorsal part of
diencephalon- important relay of all types
of information (vision, hearing, pain, touch, temperature, proprioception) from all over the body (spinal cord) to neocortex.
2. _______________:- ventral part of diencephalon- controls autonomic nervous
system
Chap. 2-16
system- controls motivated behavior
(sex, eating, drinking, etc.)- controls many hormones
from pituitary gland (master gland)
9
FOREBRAIN. TELENCEPHALONFOREBRAIN. TELENCEPHALONCEREBRAL CORTEX: _______________________________________
Chap. 2-17
FOREBRAIN. TELENCEPHALONFOREBRAIN. TELENCEPHALON
___________________: motor learning, feedback, and control
- _________________ (also called Striatum; receives dopaminergic axons from Substantia Nigra)
- ________________- nucleus Accumbens (ventral striatum; involved in drug addiction and reward
h i D i d i t tid )mechanisms; Dopamine, endogenous opiates neuropeptides)
Chap. 2-18
10
FOREBRAIN. TELENCEPHALONFOREBRAIN. TELENCEPHALONLIMBIC SYSTEM: _______________________________________________
- _____________________: social behaviors, “working” memory,
d th “ ti ”and other “executive” functions.
- ______________: Learning and memory, stress.
- :
Chap. 2-19
____________Aggressiveness, fear, anxiety and other emotions.