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• Eastern Roman Empire becomes the Byzantine Empire
• Like the Roman Catholics, Byzantines developed their own form of Christianity.
• The Eastern Orthodox church was based on the Byzantine Empire's Greek heritage.
Two Churches Emerge• Church of Rome
survived the fall of the Western Roman Empire.
• The head of the Church of Rome, the pope, became the strongest leader in Western Europe
• All Latin churches were united as the Roman Catholic Church
In the East, Church and Government worked closely together…
Considered Jesus Christ on Earth and was crowned in religious
ceremonies.
Emperor chose the leading church official (patriarch). Because he chose the leader he had control
over the church.
A Disagreement!
IconsMost honored
them and believed they
worked miraclesGod’s presence in
daily lifeExplain
Christianity
No IconsSome Byzantines
wanted to end the use of idolsIdol worship
forbidden by God
Emperor Leo IIIEmperor Leo III
I order that all icons be removed from
churches! I will assign specific
government workers to fulfill my order. They shall be known as
iconoclasts.
I order that all icons be removed from
churches! I will assign specific
government workers to fulfill my order. They shall be known as
iconoclasts.
The Emperor believed he was in control and the Pope believed
he had all the power….
They excommunicatedexcommunicated each other
Caused a schismschism which still exists today
The Great Schism of 1054
• In 1054 the Christian Church split because of disagreements over religious issues.
• Two branches of Christianity form:– Eastern Greek Orthodox Church– Roman Catholic Church
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The Great Schism of 1054– Eastern Greek Orthodox
Church• Based in Constantinople• Official language – Greek• Church led by a Patriarch
referred to as a Bishop• Bishops couldn’t marry.• Priests could marry.• Scriptures were the final
authority on all matters.• Emperor or political ruler
was above the Bishop.• Rejected the use of icons.
– Roman Catholic Church
• Based in Rome• Official language – Latin• Church led by a Pope referred to
as Father.• Church leaders could not marry.• Only Pope and Bishops could
interpret the scriptures.• The Pope was the Supreme
head of Church - above any political ruler.
• Religious icons accepted.
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