Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency

Status in CAMBODIA

By

Mr. Sovanna Toch

Renewable Energy Office, DET/MIME

4 November 2003

RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY (EE) STATUS

RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY POLICY/PLANNING

CASE STUDY OF TWO NEDO PROJECTS

Photovoltaic & Micro hydro in Kampong Cham province

Photovoltaic & Biogas in Sihanouk Ville

Table of Contents Table of Contents

1.1. RE Status

Renewable Energy Technologies (RETs) in Asia Program , under fund support of Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), through AIT

Demonstrative Research Projects funded by New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) of Japan

      Solar systems for bridges, schools and training centers funded by Samdech HUN SEN Prime Minister of Royal Government of Cambodia and other donors

      Rural energy for productive use and income generation

       Renewable Electricity Action Plan (REAP)

1. RE & EE STATUS (1/3)1. RE & EE STATUS (1/3)

Energy Efficiency Office has cooperated with other organizations to implement some projects such as:

ESMAP/WB Funding (1997-1999):

i) Focused on capacity building and strengthening of MIME and EDC capabilities in

energy efficiency

ii) Activities to increase the efficiency of the power sector in order to make it attractive for

investment by the private sector

iii) Actions that have been taken:

- EE promotion program in garment industry with lighting audit of

10 garment factories

- Initialization of code of practices (standards) in the electricity sector

- Workshop on electricity efficiency and dissemination of information (on

lighting)

1.2. EE Implementation #1/2

1. RE & EE STATUS(2/3)1. RE & EE STATUS(2/3)

MIME OWN FUNDING (2000-2003):

Audit of 3 commercial buildings (3 luxury hotels, one in Phnom Penh and 2 in Siem Reap) which were introduced to ASEAN contests in Brunei, Indonesia and Vietnam

FUNDING FROM FRENCH ADEME, with the assistance from Vietnam ENTERTEAM of HOCHIMINH CITY (2002):

- Feasibility Study of 4 buildings (Medical Clinic, office, hotel, and residential/commercial/office) with full audit of the last 2 buildings

-Workshop on Building EE

UN-ESMAP in association with ECCJ (Japan) in 2002:

Audit of two garment factories on energy conservation (boilers and distribution system, lighting, etc.)

1.2. EE Implementation #2/2

1. RE & EE STATUS (3/3)1. RE & EE STATUS (3/3)

2. RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY PLAN2. RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY PLAN

2.1. RE Plan

The RGC has established Four long-term objectives for electricity-generating renewable energy technologies: 

5 % of new electricity generation, or about 6 MW, will be supplied by renewable electricity technologies, including 3 hydropower mini-grids and some proven, clean and efficient biomass/biogas electricity generation, 3 viable renewable energy technologies (RET) businesses and 50-100 trained RET personnel. All this should be achieved in the first 5-year period;

100,000 households (HH) will be supplied by electricity from renewable technologies on a competitive basis. Of this volume, the goal is to get 45,000 HH electrified by the Rural Electricity Enterprises (REE) in the first 5-year period;

10,000 households will be served by Solar Home Systems (SHS). This should be achieved in the first 5-year period;

A sustainable market for renewable electricity systems will be developed and evidenced by households willing to purchase renewable electricity products and services in a competitive business environment.

2.2. EE Plan

We have a plan as follow:

Looking for fund from other institutions to continue EE projects in towns and provinces

Dissemination through leaflet to the Cambodians on effective use of electrical appliances, gas stoves, petroleum, to contribute to poverty reduction

Training programs both within and outside the country

Joining the competition in the ASEAN EE Building Programme

We have Energy Labeling Program to inform the consumers of energy intensive devices, such as air-conditioners and refrigerators, etc.

2. RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY PLAN2. RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY PLAN

2.3. Strategy on Renewable Energy-based Rural Electrification in Cambodia

The Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC), through the implementation of the National Rural Renewable Electricity Policy, shall:

 i)  Endeavor to provide access to reliable, safe and environmentally clean electricity services to rural areas, at an affordable cost to the national community;

 ii)  Act as a market enabler and encourage private sector participation in providing rural renewable electricity services;

 iii) Provide effective legal and regulatory framework for enabling access to reliable, safe and clean electricity services to rural areas, at an affordable cost to the national community;

 iv)  Encourage the most efficient systems for generation, transmission and distribution of electricity from clean and renewable energy sources, to enable a rational electricity tariff policy through promotion of differentiated tariffs based on cost recovery principles;

 v)  Promote renewable electricity systems for rural applications, as part of a national portfolio of grid and off-grid technologies, provided they are the least-cost option for the national communities; and

 vi)  Ensure adequate resources and appropriate institutional mechanisms to empower the poor, particularly those in rural areas.

2. RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY PLAN2. RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY PLAN

2.4. Rural Electrification Fund

REF is the result of a join effort of the Royal Government of Cambodia and the World

Bank, with the goal of encouraging the private sector for investment in electricity

supply to the rural population, with smart subsidies scheme for reason of social equity.

Agreed electricity price sold to the rural population would be such that the rural

entrepreneurs will still make project.

Investment funds will come from grants and loans with low interest rate from various

credit and financing institutions.

2. RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY PLAN2. RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY PLAN

New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO)

Japan

Ministry of Industry, Mines and Energy (MIME)

Kingdom of Cambodia

Tokyo Electric Power Services Co., Ltd. Toshiba Engineering Corporation Okiden Sekkei Co., Inc

Demonstrative Research ProjectOn Dispersed Power Generation Systems

(Photovoltaic and Micro-Hydro)In Cambodia

Objective of the ProjectObjective of the Project

Technology Verification of Dispersed System   Early commercial application of a system that maximizes the

utilization of renewable energy to promote mass introduction of renewable energy provided by PV power generation, etc.

Establishment of measures on the supply side Reduction of output fluctuation due to climatic variations by

connecting dispersed photovoltaic power generators, etc., to small-scale grids

Improvement of power generation efficiency of the whole system and control of output fluctuation

Verification of system efficiency taking into consideration the stability in electricity supply and improved economics by such as reducing storage battery capacity requirements

System OutlineSystem Outline

DG

Electricity

MH

Batteries

PV

Electricity

Electricity

Batteries

Electricity

PV PV

PV

Small-scale hydro power generation plant (approx. 40kW) to be installed in the existing agricultural dam

Electricity supply to each household in the village through installed distribution lines from small-scale hydro power generation plant

Dispersed photovoltaic power generation systems installed to supply electricity

Project OrganizationProject Organization

METI

Japanese side

MIMEMOUMOMNEDO

Cambodian side

Tokyo Electric Power Services Co.,Ltd.(TEPSCO)

Toshiba Engineering Corporation

Okiden Sekkei Co., Inc.

Cooperation

System DiagramSystem Diagram

SpecificationsPV:• 30kW of PV at concentration site

(with a main battery of 30kWh)• 7.5kW x 5 of PV at dispersed

sites (with battery charger)

Micro-Hydro:• about 20kW x 2

Transmission Line:• Total length of 9.7 km

(Distribution line runs along transmission line)

Micro Hydro Power Generation PlantMicro Hydro Power Generation Plant

Dam

Upper Reservoir

P1 Channel

Main Spillway

P3 Channel

Lower Reservoir

PV Sites and Transmission LinesPV Sites and Transmission Lines

Demonstrative Research ProjectOn Combined Power Generation Systems

(Photovoltaic and Biogas)Sihanouk Ville

Demonstrative Research ProjectOn Combined Power Generation Systems

(Photovoltaic and Biogas)Sihanouk Ville

New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO)

Japan

Department of Energy TechniqueMinistry of Industry, Mines and Energy

(MIME), Cambodia

Shikoku Electric Power Co., Inc. Shikoku Research Institute Inc. Meiden Plant Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd.

Technology Verification of Combined System

(PV & Biogas) Utilization of Unstable PV Output for Auxiliary System of

Biogas Power Generation Stable PV Output supply to Customers through Distribution

Network

Objective of the ProjectObjective of the Project

Investigation of Control Method to Utilize PV Output Fluctuation to Biogas Auxiliaries

Development of Appropriate Biogas Power Generation System for Cambodia

Economic Evaluation of Total Combined System 　

Items of Demonstrative ResearchItems of Demonstrative Research

Stable output of electricity produced by PV is supplied directly to grid and Unstable output is utilized for a biogas generation system to produce biogas during the daytime

During the nighttime when the demand increases, electricity is supplied by a gas power generator utilizing biogas

System OutlineSystem Outline

System DiagramSystem Diagram

System outline

Main equipment Simulation of generated

PV array 50kW

(Multicrystal PV module )

Inverter

Auxiliaries 30kVA

Grid Connection 20kVA 0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21

Time

Pow

er g

ener

ated

[kW

] MarchAugust

PV System Basic DesignPV System Basic Design

Image of Combined System (PV and Biogas)Image of Combined System (PV and Biogas)

METI

Japanese side

MIMEMOUMOMNEDO

Cambodian side

Shikoku Research Institute Inc.

Meiden Plant Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd.

Shikoku Electric Power Co. Inc.

Cooperation

Project OrganizationProject Organization

　・ There are 4 groups in the targeted village with a total of 210 households.

・ Some families already use fluorescent light, radio cassette by battery.

・ Almost all families use kerosene lamp.

　・ Some families leave village in the rainy season.

・ Villager’s average income is 150,000 – 300,000 Riels/month.

　・ Economic standard of villagers groups is different from each other.

　・ Villagers pay approximately 5,000 Riels/month/household for fuel fees.

・ Villagers may be able to pay 5,000 – 10,000 Riels/month for electric fees when the electricity is available from distribution line.

　・ If villagers have an economic margin, they will purchase not only lighting and radio cassette but also other electric appliances such as TV, VTR, fans, etc.

Summary of Village SurveySummary of Village Survey

Cattle Farm

National Route No.4

MonorumGroup114HH

TapiocaGroup43HH

Tapioca factory entrance

1.2km

1.5km1.5km

Office

Caltex Group 20HH

0.2km

SereisoksanGroup 33HH

0.5km

0.5km

0.4km

160m

Temple

0.4km

0.2km

Village OutlineVillage Outline

Ｔ

22kV High-voltage line

220V Low-voltage line

22kV/220V Transformer

Cattle Farm

Temple

Ｔ

Ｔ

Ｔ

National Route No.4

Distribution LineDistribution Line