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8/8/2019 Research 1 Audio Visual Actuators
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8 mm single color LEDs
32mm 8*8 Square Matrixwww.e
lechou
se.com
www.e
lechouse.com
Audio-Visual Actuation: light and sound
LEDs
The most popular visual actuator is the Light
Emitting Diode(LED). These lights come in various
different forms. The image on the right shows single
color 8 mm LEDs. There are different sizes - 3mm,
5mm, 8mm and 10mm.
The LEDs are sometimes mounted on a board
and arranged into grids. The image on the right shows
a 32mm 8*8 square matrix. Such boards come in vari-
ous sized and the lights can be different colors.
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RGB LED
IR transmitter + receiverwww.e
lechou
se.com
www.detail.en.c
hina.cn/
Audio - Visual Actuation: light and sound
LEDs
Besides single color LEDs, most sources of-
fer RGB LEDs. These light bulbs have all three color
components (red, green, and blue) and are able to
produce any desired color. They are bigger in size.
The image on the right shows IR (infrered) LED
transmitter and receiver. These two lights come in
pairs and can be used in many different conditions.
An example of their use is to detect motion. The trans-
mitter LED is constantly sending a signal to the re-
ceiver. Once the signal is interrupted ( by the presenceof something or somebody), the system detects the
change.
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LED bar graph
DE sinewinder lightswww.robotsh
op.com
http://www.yo
utube.com/watch?v=vjvlZ9Nc
VcI
www.sparkfun.com
Audio - Visual Actution: light and sound
LEDs
LEDs can also be mounted on different sur-
faces. This particular image show a 10 segment bar
graph. It can be plugged into a breadboard and con-
nected to Arduino. The different bars light up when
electricity is sent to them.
Dimension Engineering sinewinder lights are
easy to plug into arduino and have an interesting ef-fect. There are 12 LEDs that scan from one side to the
other and leave a slight trail behind.
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Moving Message Display
LCD 16*4 characterswww.e
lechou
se.com
www.e
lechouse.com
Audio - Visual Actuation: light and sound
Displays
The moving message display on the right has
seven segments each connected to a different LED
and lights up when electricity is sent to it. Such dis-
plays can be used for moving message boards, bank-
ing boards, score boards and any other display that
used the system for writing information. They come in
different colors and sizes.
LCDs (liquid crystal displays) come in different
sizes and colors. The colors of the dispay background
and characters varies as well. There are dusplays with
different number of rows and characters.
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5mW Laser Module Emitter
Solar Cellwww.d
irectindustry.com
www.e
lechouse.com
Audio - Visual Actution: light and sound
lasers + solar cells
Laser module emitters can be found in different
colors - RGB. They produce a intense and concen-
trated beam of light that can travel long distance.
Solar cells are becomming widely used to col-
lect solar power. They can either be used to collect
and store the power or to power devices as they col-
lect the sunlight. They come in diffent sizes dependingon the necessary power.
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Parallax ColoPal
ShitBritewww.macete
ch.com
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C7aUaM
iqoIE
www.pololu.com
Audio - Visual Actuation: light and sound
light actuators
There are some devices that are able to detect
light and generate light. The image on the right com-
bines an RGB LED, light sensor, and a microcontroller
that can be used as ambient light detector and color
generator.
ShiftBrite is a high brightness LED light that has
all three color components and therefore can produce
any desired color. It can t on a breadboard and can
be powered by 5.5 - 9 volt supply. SHiftBrite is usuallyused for larger and brighter displays.
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Daniel Rozin - Weave Mirror
Flag Hologram, Ellis Islandhttp://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/7a9DWV1JTuFjp6NnDUiJOA
http://www.smoothware.com/danny/
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BZysu9QcceM
Audio - Visual Actution: light and sound
physical pixels + holograms
An interesting approach to visual actuation is
the use of physical objects to create images. The in-
stallation shown on the right is Daniel Rozins Weave
Mirror. It uses C-shaped strips with a grey gradient.
The strips are controlled by a motor and react to a
camera to rotate to the necessary gradient in order torecreate an image.
This installation of the ag uses different panels
to create a hologram. Depending on what side of the
installtion a person is standing, the image changes.
The panels also rotate in order to reveal several im-
ages.
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moving surace projection
ice + water eects on screenhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pc2sSW
do25I
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p7Oz-cOKQzI
Audio - Visual Actution: light and sound
projections
The image on the right is captured from a video
that shows an example of projecting on a moving sur-
face. With the help of tracking the moving object and
mapping the desired image on it, the projection follows
the object. This method is used in many installations
and interactive exhibitions.
Interactive installations allow for many different
effects. In this particular image, the person is inter-
acting with the screen projection. The system detects
the presence and particular movements of the person
and replicates them on the screen adding different ef-
fects.
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og projection
3D projection on 2Dhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nl-DkF2
AjOA&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_
5dDAn6pWyA&p=81B7DF0555955
B2E&playnext=1&index=15
Audio - Visual Actuation: light and sound
projections
Projections can be very interesting when the
environment is creative. In this case, the video is be-
ing projected on fog/smoke and the interaction with
the viewer is quite different. The image seems three-
dimensional and yet transparent since the surface is
actually fog.
Another interesting approach to projections is
showing a three-dimensional movie on a two-dimen-
sional surface. The video on the right shows how a
wall can be transformed into a moving matrix of boxes.
The surface is actually becomming a three-dimension-
al object.
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8/8/2019 Research 1 Audio Visual Actuators
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projecting on 3D object
multi-screen projection
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gCZUyY305Oo
Audio - Visual Actution: light and sound
projections
Images and videos can also be projected on a
three-dimensional object. This example shows a cube
that takes information from three different projectors to
create this effect. The images can be used to create
various effects.
Multi-screen displays are usually used in large
events and exhibitions. Many concerts and games use
this technique in order to enlarge the desired image.
The displays work by separating the image into differ-
ent parts and sending each part to a different display.
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backlit display projection
transparent display projection
Audio - Visual Actuation: light and sound
projections
Backlit projections can be used in interactive
installations when the interaction happens in front of
the screen. This technology allows for avoiding inter-
ruptions caused by shadows. There are screens and
projector displays that can be used.
Transparent dispays are also available for pro-
jections. They are mostly used for movie effects, store-
fornts, and many high-trafc areas as dispay boards.
The image is projected from the back or front or side.
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Sending inormation
UDP header structurehttp://en.w
ikibooks.org/wiki/Computer_Networks/UDP
http://en.w
ikipedia.org/w
iki/User_Datagram_
Protocol
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ox8D2YBRIrQ
Audio - Visual Actution: light and sound
UDP
User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is one of the
main protocols in the Internet Protocol Suite, a set of
network protocols for the internet. UDP is used to send
messages, or datagrams, to other hosts without prior
set up of transmission channels or datya paths.
It is a simple transmission model and useful forsending information fast and easy. However, it is not
a reliable service and datagrams may arrive out of
order, apprear duplicated or go missing without a no-
tice.
It provides for a conectionless transmission of
data and many users prefer it over TCP - Transmis-
sion Control Protocol, which is designed to secure thesending and receiving data in the exact desired man-
ner.
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Semi-transparent Concrete
Fibers + LED lit Plexi
http://tywkiwdbi.blogspot.com/2009/03/semi-transpare
nt-concrete.h
tml
Audio - Visual Actuation: light and sound
light conductivity
The image on the right shows semi-transparent
concrete. It is construction-grade concrete with optical
bers embedded in it. The can bers transmit light for
up to 50 feet, but do not take much of the space so the
structural integrity of the material is kept.
Optical bers have been used in many light in-
stallations, lamps etc. They work by trapping the light
within and letting it out when there is a cut. The image
if the plexi-glass shown on the right uses the same
principle. The letters are engraved into the plaxi and
an LED sends light through it. The letters glow be-
cause they are cuts (interruption) on the material.
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Light reection
Light polarizationRelevantwe
bsiteoftheprovider
Relevantyoutubevideowebaddress
Audio - Visual Actution: light and sound
natural light
There are several important principles that de-
scribe the nature of light and how it travels. The rst
image explains the light reection when light hits a
reective surface, in this case a mirror. The impor-
tant note to remember is that, the angle of incidence
equals the angle of reection. This is important whendealing with collection and distribution of light.
This mage shows the polarization of light. Light
coming from the sun has waves that oscillate in planes
in all different directions. If we have a screen that has
slits in only one direction, light waves oscillating only
in that plane are able to pass through.Threfore, we are
able to use polarizers to manipulate light.
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Convex lens
Concave lenshttp://www.p
assmyexams.co.u
k/GCSE/ph
ysics/concave_
&_
convex.
html
http://www.passmyexam
s.co.u
k/GCSE/physics/concave_
&_
convex.
html
Audio - Visual Actuation: light and sound
light lenses
Convex lenses are thicker at the middle. Rays
of light that pass through the lens are brought closer
together (they converge). A convex lens is a converg-
ing lens. When parallel rays of light pass through a
convex lens the refracted rays converge at one point
called the principal focus. The distance between theprincipal focus and the centre of the lens is called the
focal length.
Convex lenses are thinner at the middle. Rays
of light that pass through the lens are spread out (they
diverge). A convex lens is a diverging lens. When par-
allel rays of light pass through a concave lens the re-
fracted rays diverge so that they appear to come from
one point called the principal focus. The distance be-
tween the principal focus and the centre of the lens is
called the focal length.
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Light flters
Solar tracking heliostathttp://www.y
outube.com/watch?v=5xDSueV45pg
http://micro.m
agnet.fsu.
edu/primer/lightandcolor/ltersintro.h
tmlAudio - Visual Actution: light and sound
flters + heliostats
Light lters can be used for different light ef-
fects. They consist of a thin lm that is able to trap
some light and reect other so that desired colors and
effects are perceived. Filters can be placed on cam-
eras, projectors, etc.
Solar tracking is becomming more and more
used for solar power. The image on the right shows a
device that follows the sun and collects the solar ener-
gy. A system like this can be connected to arduino and
works with a simple program. It takes the light intensity
read from three photocells and a motor responds to
the readings.
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Buzzer
Piezo speakerhttp://www.lizarum.com/assignments/physical_computing/2009/piezo.
html
http://www.sparkfun.com
/commerce/product_info.p
hp
?products_
id=7950
Audio - Visual Actuation: light and sound
speakers
The image on the right shows a 12mm buzzer
that can be used to generate tones when attached to
arduino. It can be create simple music or user inter-
faces.
The piezo is an electronic device that can de-
tect and generate sound. It uses two metal plates that
vibrate when electricity is sent to them. The device
can be seen as shown at right or in a small black cov-
er. When connected to arduino, it can make simple
melodies.
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Audio module
Audio modulehttp://www.e
lechouse.com/elechouse/index.p
hp?main_
page=product_
info&cPath=
168_
170&products_
id=623
http://www.sparkfun.com
/commerce/product_info.p
hp
?products_
id=9534
Audio - Visual Actution: light and sound
audio modules
The image on the right is a SOMO-14D audio
module. It is a tiny audio module that can play back
stored audio les from a micro-SD memory card. The
module supports 4-bit ADPCM audio les (.ad4) with
sample rates from 6kHz up to 36kHz. The compact
14-pin module takes up very minimal board space andis ideal for any application that requires embedded au-
dio.
There are several different types of audio mod-
ules that can be found on the market. Depending on
what the device needs to do, there are different op-
tions.
This audio device a little different from the on
eabove. It has built-in ash which has several advan-
tages: mechanical contact can be avoided, no loosen-
ing problem as with SD cards, no compatability issues.
It is suitable for applications with vibrations. It supports
mp3 format and has a high quality stereo output.
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SoundPAL
Speakers
Rhttp://www.parallax.co
m/Store/Accessories/Sound/tabid/164/Catego-
ryID/38/List/0/Level/a/ProductID/482/Default.aspx?So
rtField=ProductN
ame%2CProductName
Audio - Visual Actuation: light and sound
audio devices
The image on the right shows SoundPAL which
is small device that can play canned and custom
sound sequences. It is completely self-contained and
icludes a microcontroller which creates sounds and a
small speaker to play them. It is very easy to connect
and the programs which it needs are very simple.
A sound actuator that is more known in every-
day life is the speaker. There are speakers in all differ-
ent shapes, colors, sizes and they can be connected
to an interactive system in order to amplify the sound
effect.
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