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IntroductionIntroduction
DefinitionDefinition
TypesTypes
ImportanceImportance
Research method and methodologyResearch method and methodology
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DefineDefine
Research Research
DefinitionDefinition
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The wordThe word
ResearchResearch
has evolved fromhas evolved from
SearchSearch
DefinitionDefinition (cont...)(cont...)
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Curiosity or inquisitiveness is aCuriosity or inquisitiveness is adistinctive feature of human beingdistinctive feature of human being
Each and every activity has someEach and every activity has some
problemproblem Every style of action can be modified andEvery style of action can be modified and
improvedimproved
To satisfy the curiosity, solve the problem,To satisfy the curiosity, solve the problem,develop the style, concerned personsdevelop the style, concerned personssearchsearch
DefinitionDefinition (cont...)(cont...)
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DefinitionDefinition (cont...)(cont...)
Research simply means a search for facts,Research simply means a search for facts,answer to questions and solutions toanswer to questions and solutions to
problems.problems.
SearchSearchfor knowledgefor knowledge
SearchSearch for informationfor information
AnAn artartof scientific knowledgeof scientific knowledge
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DefinitionDefinition (cont...)(cont...)
Research?Research?
A carefulA careful investigation or inquiryinvestig
ation or inquirythrough search forthrough search fornew facts in any branch of knowledgenew facts in any branch of knowledge
AA systematic effort
systematic effortto gain new knowledgeto gain new knowledge
AA movementmovementtowards unknowntowards unknown
AA voyagevoya
ge of discoveryof discovery
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DefinitionDefinition (cont...)(cont...)
Research?Research?
AnAn original contributionoriginal contributionto the existing stockto the existing stock
of knowledge for its advancement.of knowledge for its advancement.
TheThepursuitpursuitof truth with the help of study,of truth with the help of study,
observation, comparison and experiment.observation, comparison and experiment.
SearchSearch for knowledge through systematicfor knowledge through systematic
method of finding solution of a problem.method of finding solution of a problem.
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Objectives of ResearchObjectives of Research
ToTo gain familiaritygain familiaritywith awith aphenomenon or tophenomenon or to achieveachieve newnew
insights into it;insights into it; ToToportrayportrayaccurately theaccurately the
characteristics of a particularcharacteristics of a particularindividual, situation or a group;individual, situation or a group;
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Objectives of Research (cont...)Objectives of Research (cont...)
ToTo determinedetermine the frequency withthe frequency withwhich something occurs or withwhich something occurs or with
which it is associated withwhich it is associated withsomething else;something else;
ToTo testtesta hypothesis of a causala hypothesis of a causal
relationship;relationship;
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Types of ResearchTypes of Research
Research
Basic Research Applied Research
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Types of Research (cont)Types of Research (cont)
Basic/Pure/Fundamental ResearchBasic/Pure/Fundamental Research
- Undertaken for the sake of knowledge- Undertaken for the sake of knowledge
- Generalization- Generalization
- Formulation/modification of theory- Formulation/modification of theory
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Types of Research (cont)Types of Research (cont)
Applied/Action ResearchApplied/Action Research
- Carried out to find solution to a real-life- Carried out to find solution to a real-life
problem requiring an action or policyproblem requiring an action or policydecision.decision.
- It is problem/action oriented- It is problem/action oriented
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Types of Research (cont)Types of Research (cont)
Descriptive ResearchDescriptive Research-- Research carried out with the majorobjective of describing something.
Analytical ResearchAnalytical Research
-- Analyze available information to make acritical evaluation.
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Types of Research (cont)Types of Research (cont)
Quantitative ResearchQuantitative Research-- Based on measurement of quantity.
Qualitative ResearchQualitative Research
-- Concerned with qualitative phenomenon.
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Types of Research (cont)Types of Research (cont)
Empirical ResearchEmpirical Research-- Data-based research.
hypothesis, data, analysis, decision
Exploratory ResearchExploratory Research- Development of hypothesis, but not testing- Development of hypothesis, but not testingthat hypothesisthat hypothesis
Casual ResearchCasual Research
-- To find out the cause and effectTo find out the cause and effectrelationshiprelationship
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Significance of ResearchSignificance of Research
Research inculcates scientific andResearch inculcates scientific andinductiveinductive thinkingthinkingand it promotes theand it promotes the
development of logical habits ofdevelopment of logical habits of
thinking and organization.thinking and organization.
Doubt Inquiry InventionDoubt Inquiry Invention
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Significance of Research (cont)Significance of Research (cont)
Research provides the basis for nearlyResearch provides the basis for nearly
all governmentall governmentpoliciespolicies in ourin our
economic system.economic system.
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Significance of Research (cont)Significance of Research (cont)
Research has its special significance inResearch has its special significance in
solvingsolvingvarious operational andvarious operational and
planningplanningproblemsproblems of business andof business andindustry.industry.
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Significance of Research (cont)Significance of Research (cont)
Research is equally important for socialResearch is equally important for social
scientists in studyingscientists in studyingsocialsocial
relationshipsrelationships and in seeking answersand in seeking answersto variousto varioussocial problemssocial problems..
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Research MethodResearch Method
Research methods (or technique)Research methods (or technique)- for data collection- for data collection
- for data analysis- for data analysis
- for evaluation of the analysis results- for evaluation of the analysis results
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Research MethodologyResearch Methodology
A broader conceptA broader concept
Not only research methods!Not only research methods!
But also But also
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Research Methodology (cont)Research Methodology (cont)
Problem statementProblem statementNeed of the researchNeed of the research
Hypothesis formulation (what? why?)Hypothesis formulation (what? why?)
Data collection (what?)Data collection (what?)
Method (which?)Method (which?)
..
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Research Method vs. MethodologyResearch Method vs. Methodology
Research method Research method
A part of A part of
Research methodology.Research methodology.