RESEARCH PAPERSRESEARCH PAPERS20142014

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TS PHASE I: RESEARCHING

• 1 Introduction Day in Library (Tuesday)• 4 In-Class Research Days • 5 Sources with Notes

• Round 1: 2 Notesheets due• Round 2: 5 Notesheets due (3 new/2 old fixed)

PHASE II: ORGANIZING• Bibliography • Thesis Statements• Preliminary Outlines• Organizing Notes• Final Outlines

PHASE III: WRITING• Outlines to Paragraphs• Making an Argument/Analyzing Facts• Rough Drafts• Final Drafts

Notesheet Check List:1) Source Citation in MLA format at the top

- Author’s last name, first name2) In-Text Citation at the end of each note (quotes & paraphrases).3) Each note has quotation marks where necessary

Fagan, Jeffrey. "Deterrence Studies Are Inconsistent and Unscientific." Current Controversies: Capital Punishment. Ed. Paul Connors. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2008. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Gale. Parkland Senior High School Library. 9 Feb. 2010 <http://find.galegroup.com/ovrc/infomark.do.com>

“Costs of obtaining convictions and executions in capital cases range from $2.5 to $5 million dollars per case (in current dollars), compared to less than $1 million for each killer sentenced to life without parole” (Fagan).

2) “Between 1965-1980, where few executions took place, the number of annual murders in the U.S. increased by 131 percent” (Fagan).

*REMEMBER: If there is NO AUTHOR, put the title as the in-text citation. Ex. “Between 1965-1980 it increased by 131 percent” (“Deterrence Studies Are…”).

(pg. 8-10)

“MLA CITATIONS” & FINAL PAPER

Paper Excerpt

…. Americans need to consider that “In 2009, the average four-year college graduate owed $24,000 in student-loan debt” (Bass). That's sustainable if a student leaves school with a degree in a high-demand field like nursing or engineering since they pay decent salaries right from the start. However, liberal arts majors tend to have a harder time finding jobs and often spend the first year, if not more, of post-college life waiting tables. These minimum wage jobs do not provide enough income to begin paying off student loans.

Bibliography

Bass, David N. "The Millennial Generation Lacks a Strong Work Ethic." The Millennial Generation. Ed. David Haugen and Susan Musser. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2013. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from "Diapers for 26-Year-Olds." American Spectator (11 Oct. 2011). Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 6 Feb. 2013.

BIBLIOGRAPHY (pg. 8-10)

•Begin your bibliography list on a SEPARATE page from the text of the essay. (This page is NOT included in the 5-7 requirement.).

•Label and center the word Bibliography at the top of the page. *DO NOT underline it or put it in quotation marks.•Double space all entries.•Do NOT skip spaces between entries. •Indent all additional lines (except the first) 1 inch for each source.•Alphabetize: Sources should be listed alphabetically by author (or title if there is no

author listed)

BIBLIOGRAPHY PAGEA separate page at the end of a text that lists all of the sources used for

research in an alphabetical, indented list using MLA format. (PG. 8-10 IN PACKET)

NOTE: The first word for each source should be either:-author’s last name or the -Title of the work if there is no author.

1. PACKET: pgs. 8-10

2. NOODLE TOOLS:

http://noodletools.com/login.php

1. Parkland pays for it… password on pg. 12

3. EASY BIB: http://www.easybib.com/

1. You may have to pay or sign-up?

MLA FORMAT IS A MUST!!

BIBLIOGRAPHY HELP

We will have one last research day in class on Monday. After that, you will be required to find it on your own..

NEXT DUE DATE: Wednesday (2/5)1. 5 Notesheets minimum

1. 2 original EDITED + 2 new ones

2. Bibliography (TYPED)

GRADED ON: Completion, Format, and Quality of notes!

RESEARCH: ROUND 2

OUTLININGOUTLININGHow to develop an argument through outlining and organizing

notes.

PAPER SKELETONPAPER SKELETONStarting a Preliminary Outline

I. INTRODUCTION

II. BODY OF YOUR PAPER-• GOAL: to convince the reader that you answered the

question or solved the problem that you set for youreself.

• LENGTH: Can be as many paragraphs as you need/want

• MUST INCLUDE:

• WHY this is a problem

• HOW you want to solve it

III. CONCLUSION PG. 15 PG. 15

One persuasive, yet academic sentence that lays out what will be discussed throughout the entire paper. It should follow your

preliminary outline’s main topics (NOT the sub-topics). It should also avoid first person and vague language

PROBLEM + SOLUTION(WHAT? FOR WHO? WHY?) (WHAT DO YOU WANT TO

DO ABOUT IT? WHO DO YOU WANT TO DO SOMETHING?)

WHAT you plan to argue + HOW/WHY you plan to argue it 

(Specific Topic) + (Argument) + (Conditions if necessary)

Thesis Statements

(pg. 13-14)

PG. 15-16PG. 15-16

PRELIMINARY OUTLINEPRELIMINARY OUTLINEGetting Started

Write a preliminary outline listing all of the topics you believe you will address in your paper. Put them in the order you think you will bring them up. To decide if it’s significant enough to mention, make sure you can come up with at least major focus points that include 2 sub-sections each. These must be labeled as topics, NOT paragraph 1, 2,3…

Example:I. Steroids have a negative health effect

A. Physical effects (short/long term)B. Psychological/Emotional effects (short/long term)

STUCK? Think about titles for each section/sub-section.

PRELIMINARY OUTLINEPRELIMINARY OUTLINEOption

A

Option B

PRELIM OUTLININGPRELIM OUTLININGSample of a Web with MINIMUM

REQUIREMENTS

A. LIMIT LEGAL ISSUES

B. HELP ECONOMY

1) Less Arrests, so cops can focus on

other issues

2) Less crowding

in jails

1) Provides new

jobs for Americans

2) Lower taxes

PROBLEM: LEGALIZE RECREATIONAL MARIJUANA

NOTE: The solution is not a major topic… that’s okay. It can be saved for the conclusion.

PRELIM OUTLININGPRELIM OUTLININGSample of a Web with more sub-topics

A. LIMIT LEGAL

ISSUES

B. HELP ECONOMY

1) Less Arrests, so cops can focus on

other issues

2) Less crowding

in jails

1) Provides new

jobs for Americans

2) Lower taxes

PROBLEM: LEGALIZE RECREATIONAL MARIJUANA

NOTE: The solution is not a major topic in this particular web… that’s okay. It can be saved for the conclusion.

3) Circulate Money

C. SAFER PRODUCT

I. THEY HAVE NEGATIVE EFFECTS ON THE BODYI. PhysicalII.Emotional/ Psychological

II. THEY GIVE UNFAIR ADVANTAGESI. Strength/SpeedII. Unnatural

III. CURRENT REGULATIONS/TESTS IN HIGH SCHOOLI. Current Rules and Penalties in PAII.Why this isn’t workingIII.States where it is regulated and working

IV. SOLUTION - TEST ALL STUDENT ATHLETES

ARGUMENT: Steroids should be banned in high school sports.

PRELIM OUTLININGPRELIM OUTLININGSample of a Traditional Outline

I. Media’s focus too much on looks for teenage girlsA. Beauty TipsB. Hot vs. Not ComparisonsC. Scrutiny of normal body types/flaws

II. Media Images are Unrealistic and Made-upA. Hair/Make-Up StylistsB. Ads/Pictures digitally touched up/airbrushedC. Clothes pinned for sizingD. Lighting set to hide flawsE. Poses emphasize assests / hide flaws

III. Images create Poor Body Images and Eating Disorders in TeensA. Magazines push Unhealthy Diet Tips -

Ex. “How to lose 12 lbs in 2 weeks”B. View Models/Celebrities as role models

IV. Negative Effects these disorders haveA. Unhealthy LifestyleB. Poor Self-EsteemC. Poor Body Image

V. Solution - Censor MediaA. Models should have weight requirementsB. Photoshopping should be limitedC. Prohibit or limit diet/weight stories and tips

GIRLS HAVE POOR BODY IMAGE BECAUSE OF THE MEDIA

*NOTE: You still need 2 main areas with 2 sub-topics each.

LEAVE BLANK / SKIP FOR NOW!

WHY: Our right to bear arms

SOL: Enforce background checks better

ENFORCE GUN CONTROL LAWS

Const. gives us the right

Right to protect ourselves

Help Economy

Good laws exist now

Less chance of crimes

WHY: Benefit economy

LEAVE BLANK / SKIP FOR NOW!

MINIMUMREQ.

MINIMUMREQ.

One persuasive, yet academic sentence that lays out what will be discussed throughout the entire paper. It should follow your

preliminary outline’s main topics (NOT the sub-topics). It should also avoid first person and vague language

PROBLEM + SOLUTION(WHAT? FOR WHO? WHY?) (WHAT DO YOU WANT TO

DO ABOUT IT? WHO DO YOU WANT TO DO SOMETHING?)

WHAT you plan to argue + HOW/WHY you plan to argue it 

(Specific Topic) + (Argument) + *(Conditions if necessary)

Thesis Statements

(pg. 13-14)

GOOD THESIS STATEMENTS

TOPIC 1: Exorcism

ARGUMENT/THESIS: If traditional ways to treat seemingly psychotic patients fail and those patients possess symptoms of possession, an exorcism should be attempted in a controlled environment by a certified priest as a last resort to aid the afflicted.

(Major topics in prelim outline!)

TOPIC: Stem Cell

ARGUMENT/THESIS: The government should support and fund adult stem cell research because the potential stem cell research holds for the health and quality of life for mankind is nothing short of spectacular.

*NOTE: It’s okay that they didn’t mention “not embryonic” because that is assumed when you push for “adult.”

GOOD THESIS STATEMENTS

(Major topics in prelim outline!)

THESIS STATEMENTS THAT

NEED A LITTLE HELP1) Marijuana should be legalized.

(Okay, so…? There is a stance, BUT there is NO specific information to support it or a reason why it should be legalized.)

2) Air pollution has a negative effect on the environment in many different ways.

(VAGUE-CITY!!! The words “negative effect” and” many different ways” could mean a number of different things. Be specific. Being specific up front will also help make sure your paper is a manageable size for you to research and write about.)

THESIS STATEMENTS THAT

NEED A LITTLE HELP

3) Eating disorders are common in athletes, with jockeys being one of the most well known.

You must take a stance on an issue. This would simply be an informational paper about eating disorders, which I don’t want. There should be ideas

of your own as well as an analysis of other peoples’ ideas in the paper.)

PRELIM OUTLINE TOPRELIM OUTLINE TOTHESIS STATEMENTSTHESIS STATEMENTS

I. EFFECTS OF STEROIDS ON THE BODYI. PhysicalII.Emotional/ Psychological

II. UNFAIR ADVANTAGESI. Strength/SpeedII. Unnatural

III. STATES THAT CURRENTLY REGULATE/TESTI. Current PenaltiesII.Why this isn’t working

IV. SOLUTION

THESIS: Drug testing should occur in sports at the high school level because performance enhancement drugs are harmful to a teenager’s body and

they give athletes an unfair advantage.

STARTING A THESIS

PRELIM OUTLINE: Look at your prelim outline to get an idea of what you’re planning on discussing in your paper. Try to group similar topics together

WRITE A THESIS: Think about the generalizations you made for similar topics. Then, write a ONE SENTENCE thesis that includes your stance, those topics, and a solution.

SAMPLE OUTLINE FOR LEGALIZING RECREATIONAL

MARIJUANA

I.Limit legal issuesI.Less arrests for copsII.Less crowding in jail

II. Help EconomyI. Circulate moneyII.Create JobsIII.Lower Taxes

III. SOLUTION: Legalize it

THESIS:

STARTING A THESISPRELIM OUTLINE: Look at your prelim outline to get an idea of what you’re planning on discussing in your paper. Try to group similar topics together

WRITE A THESIS: Think about the generalizations you made for similar topics. Then, write a ONE SENTENCE thesis that includes your stance, those topics, and a solution.

THESIS STARTERS: • _(Solution)_ because _(why a problem)_.

•Since _(why a problem) , _(solution needed)_.

SAMPLE FOR LEGALIZING RECREATIONAL MARIJUANA

I.Limit legal issuesI.Less arrests for copsII.Less crowding in jail

II. Help EconomyI. Circulate moneyII.Create JobsIII.Lower Taxes

III. SOLUTION: Legalize it

THESIS: Marijuana should be legalized in the United States in order to limit current legal issues and help boost the economy.

STARTING A THESIS

PRELIM OUTLINE: Look at your prelim outline to get an idea of what you’re planning on discussing in your paper. Try to group similar topics together

WRITE A THESIS: Think about the generalizations you made for similar topics. Then, write a ONE SENTENCE thesis that includes your stance, those topics, and a solution.

THESIS: The modeling industry should have weight limit regulations for its models and ban photo touch-ups because overly thin models are encouraging young girls to develop dangerous eating disorders and low self-esteem.

Prelim Outline for “Body Image of Women”:

-Young girls see unrealistically thin women as beautiful-Models pictures are not real (air brushed, make-up, pins, photo-shop)-Young girls develop eating disorders to look like that-Young girls have self-esteem issues-SOLUTION: Models should have weight limits or regulations and ban photo touch-ups

One persuasive, yet academic sentence that lays out what will be discussed throughout the entire paper. It should follow your

preliminary outline’s main topics (NOT the sub-topics). It should also avoid first person and vague language

PROBLEM + SOLUTION(WHAT? FOR WHO? WHY?) (WHAT DO YOU WANT TO

DO ABOUT IT? WHO DO YOU WANT TO DO SOMETHING?)

WHAT you plan to argue + HOW/WHY you plan to argue it 

(Specific Topic) + (Argument) + (Conditions if necessary)

Thesis Statements

(pg. 13-14)

I. Media’s focus too much on looks for teenage girlsA. Beauty TipsB. Hot vs. Not ComparisonsC. Scrutiny of normal body types/flaws

II. Media Images are Unrealistic and Made-upA. Hair/Make-Up StylistsB. Ads/Pictures digitally touched up/airbrushedC. Clothes pinned for sizingD. Lighting set to hide flawsE. Poses emphasize assests / hide flaws

III. Images create Poor Body Images and Eating Disorders in TeensA. Magazines push Unhealthy Diet Tips -

Ex. “How to lose 12 lbs in 2 weeks”B. View Models/Celebrities as role models

IV. Negative Effects these disorders haveA. Unhealthy LifestyleB. Poor Self-EsteemC. Poor Body Image

V. Solution - Censor MediaA. Models should have weight requirementsB. Photoshopping should be limitedC. Prohibit or limit diet/weight stories and tips

ARGUMENT: Girls have poor body image because of media’s perception of women

I. Media’s focus too much on looks for teenage girlsA. Beauty TipsB. Hot vs. Not ComparisonsC. Scrutiny of normal body types/flaws

II. Media Images are Unrealistic and Made-upA. Hair/Make-Up StylistsB. Ads/Pictures digitally touched up/airbrushedC. Clothes pinned for sizingD. Lighting set to hide flawsE. Poses emphasize assests/hide flaws

III. Images create Poor Body Images and Eating Disorders in Teens

A. Unhealthy Diet Tips - Ex. “How to lose 12 lbs in 2 weeks”B. View Models/Celebrities as role models

IV. Negative EffectsA. Unhealthy LifestyleB. Poor Self-EsteemC. Poor Body Image

V. Solution - Censor MediaA. Models should have weight requirementsB. Less popular diets discussedC. Less diet/weight stories and tips

Thesis: Magazines should be censored because they focus too much on unrealistic looks, which is driving young girls to dangerous dieting and having

poor body images.

RESEARCH PAPERS2012RESEARCH PAPERS2012

Notesheet Check List:1) Source Citation in MLA format at the top

- Author’s last name, first name2) In-Text Citation at the end of each note (quotes & paraphrases).3) Each note has quotation marks where necessary

Fagan, Jeffrey. "Deterrence Studies Are Inconsistent and Unscientific." Current Controversies: Capital Punishment. Ed. Paul Connors. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2008. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Gale. Parkland Senior High School Library. 9 Feb. 2010 <http://find.galegroup.com/ovrc/infomark.do.com>

“Costs of obtaining convictions and executions in capital cases range from $2.5 to $5 million dollars per case (in current dollars), compared to less than $1 million for each killer sentenced to life without parole” (Fagan).

2) “Between 1965-1980, where few executions took place, the number of annual murders in the U.S. increased by 131 percent” (Fagan).

*REMEMBER: If there is NO AUTHOR, put the title as the in-text citation. Ex. “Between 1965-1980… increased by 131 percent” (“Deterrence Studies Are…”).

•Label and center the word Bibliography at the top of the page. •Double space all entries •Do NOT skip spaces between entries. •Indent all additional lines (after the first) 1 inch for each source.•ALPHABETIZE: Sources should be listed alphabetically by whatever

comes first - author or title if there is no author listed

BIBLIOGRAPHY CHECK LIST:

SCHEDULESCHEDULEMeeting deadlines

THIS WEEK:- THURSDAY: 5 Notesheets min. & typed

Bibliography

NEXT WEEK: - Final Outlines

(*Key to a good paper!) QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Thesis Statements

PROBLEM + SOLUTION(WHAT? FOR WHO?

WHY?)(WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO ABOUT IT? WHO DO YOU WANT TO DO

SOMETHING?)

PAPER SKELETONPAPER SKELETONStarting a Preliminary Outline

SOLUTION: Legalize same-sex marriage in PA

WHY: 1) EQUAL RIGHTS/DISCRIMINATION

- based on love, not religion- popular

2) LEGAL BENEFITS- taxes- health care/insurance

THESIS: All couples, including same-sex couples, must have the right to marry in Pennsylvania BECAUSE marriage is a non-religious union based on love that also gives several legal benefits to Americans, such as healthcare.

Thesis Statements & Outlines

1. Current tests are biased1. Minority are at a disadvantage2. Poor at a disadvantage (can’t pay for

tutor/classes)

2. Current tests do not represent learning potential1. Different learning styles2. Do not account for creativity 3. Students may crack under pressure/time

STANDARDIZED TESTS:

SAMPLE THESIS: A more objective and less biased standardized test would better predict an individual’s academic achievement BECAUSE current standardized tests are a poor indication of a student’s current and future success.

THESIS STATEMENTSA FINAL LOOK

Even though video games are getting more realistic as technology progresses, video games should not be to blame as the cause of aggression in people who play them. Thousands and thousands of people play them, but you don’t see them just running around stabbing people. Parents should do their job and we have to follow the ratings out there.

Even though people hate and protest animal testing, it still happens all over the world, it’s inaccurate and the ways they treat animals are cruel.

HOW CAN WE FIX THESE? FORUMULA = PROBLEM + SOLUTION + REASONS/CONDITIONS

BIBLIOGRAPHY (pg. 7)•Begin your bibliography list on a SEPARATE page from the text of the essay. (This page is NOT

included in the 5-7 requirement.).•Label and center the word Bibliography at the top of the page. *DO NOT underline it or put it in quotation marks.•Double space all entries.•Do NOT skip spaces between entries. •Indent all additional lines (except the first) 1 inch for each source.•Alphabetize: Sources should be listed alphabetically by author (or title if there is no author listed)

Final OutlinesFinal Outlines1. Organize research from notesheets according to the subtopics of your

preliminary outline.

* Begin by numbering/color coding the notes on notesheets by

subtopic

* REMEMBER: You do NOT have to use all of your research.

Some of it will be irrelevant.

2. Write a detailed final outline by inserting your now organized research

under each subtopic.

3. Must be typed AND include in-text citations.

DUE: VALENTINE’S DAY *You have Thurs, Fri, Mon in class to type!

Final OutlinesFinal OutlinesI.Intro: a.Thesis Statement: American farmers are prohibited by law from growing a low-input, sustainable crop common in Europe and Canada with tremendous economic potential: industrial hemp, which needs to be changed immediately.

II.Bodya.Hemp is historically useful.

i. Ancient usesii.”Hemp for Victory” Video – Promotion for war time

b.Hemp is economically friendly.i. Paper, ii.Biofuels, iii.Body care, iv..Automobile Industry

c.The government/big business slander hemp, so we need to amend the laws.

i.Distinguish Hemp/Marijuanaii.Laws/Legislations passed wrongly against itiii.Will not affect drug testing

d.It is hindering to the economy not to use hemp – We should allow the USA to take part in this market.

i.Farmers excluded from profitable market the rest of the world usesii.Hypocritical to allow imports of hemp products but not production/exports

III.CONCLUSION

NOTES

1)After the attack on Pearl Harbor, the government actually promoted and subsidized the growth of hemp to help in the war effort (“Hemp for Victory:).

2)”The USDA produced a film called Hemp for Victory to encourage US farmers to grow hemp for the war effort. The US government formed War Hemp Industries and subsidized hemp cultivation They subsidized over 1million acres” (Smith, 14).

3)”The Columbia History of the World states that the oldest relic of human industry is a bit of hemp fabric dating back to approximately 8,000 B.C.” (Smith, 22).

4) “C-class Mercedes-Benz automobiles have more than 30 parts made of natural fibers, including hemp” (“Vote Hemp” 5)

5)Most hemp body care products are high in Omega - 3, Omega - 6 and all  20 Essential, Amino Acids 9 of which the human body does not produce. (“Hip, Hot”, 9)

6)”From the first plantings in Jamestown when it was illegal not to grow hemp, to our founding fathers’ hemp plantations, to the hemp sails and riggings of the clipper ships that sailed the 19 th century seas, to the hemp canvas-covered wagons of the pioneers headed west, to the sturdy hemp Levi’s pants of the original 49ers seeking their fortunes in the California hills, to the massive Hemp for Victory government programs of WWII, hemp has developed a long and illustrious history in America” (“Vote Hemp” 5).

7)The Declaration of Independence was written on hemp paper and the finest bibles still printed on hemp-based paper (“Hip, Hot” 2)

8) DEA Harry Anslinger propelled anti-marijuna campaigns nationwide in order to eliminate competition to his friend William Hearst’s oil company (Smith, 64).

Final OutlinesFinal Outlines ( Prelim Outline sections / facts from notesheets )

I. Young girls are developing eating disorders because they want to look like the models in magazines.

A. Beauty messages from magazines1.“In our modern-day western culture, advertisements and

mass media messages say women must be as thin as the models they see in magazines and on television; thin is healthy; thinness brings happiness, excitement, success, and fulfillment” (Renes).

B. Young girls are literally dying to be beautiful1 “Our teen and adult magazines, books, movies, and

advertisements preach the gospel of thinness, while at the same time, 50 percent of our 9-year-olds are dieting and the number of reported eating disorders has never been higher” (Renes).

2. “Research indicates that exposure to images of thin, young, air- brushed female bodies is linked to depression, loss of self-esteem, and the development of unhealthy eating habits in women and girls” according to a study done at NYU (Beauty and Body Image in the Media).

THESIS STATEMENTS~Match them to you

Outlines~

Drug testing should occur in sports at the high school level because performance enhancement drugs are harmful to a teenager’s body and they give athletes an unfair advantage.

Even though the traditional way of educational scheduling is working, year round schooling is more beneficial to students due to higher grades earned, less absenteeism, and more frequent, refreshing breaks for the students.

With the exception of preventing serious genetic diseases, genetically designing babies should be illegal in the United States because it is unethical and unfair to the rest of the human race.

REMEMBER• Be persuasive and

clearly define a stance!• Be strong and

demanding!• Have general categories

for reasons… this is not a 5-paragraph essay!

• Must match your prelim outline!

• It often helps to put your position/stance before your reasons.

See pgs. 13-14

SAT Warm-UpSAT Warm-Up

1. A native New Yorker, David Chang’s first restaurant

Momofuku Noodle is in the East Village.

2. Angela told Melissa and me to meet her at the club.

3. When Hannah returns home from work, she makes

herself a sandwich, watches her favorite show, and

then she will check her personal email.

FINAL OUTLINES

General Suggestions 1. In-text citations

1. Quotation marks around titles Ex. (“Bullying and…”)2. Period AFTER in-text Ex. “blah blah” (Author).

2. Introduce people1. If a quote says “I” or a person’s name, you need to

introduce who it is in order to give them credit

3. If you have 6-10 quotes/facts in a section, break it down into 2 or three sub-sections in order to help with the flow of facts.

4. If you have a quote within a quote1. “Martin Luther King famously said, ‘I have a dream’ in his

speech” (author).

5. Your outline must match your thesis!

NOW, YOU TRY!❖ Pretend we’re doing a research paper on the POSITIVE

IMPACT ROBOTS HAVE ON LIFE.

❖ Read this article on Boilerplate during World War I. While you’re reading, take notes on what you think would be important to include in your paper.

http://www.bigredhair.com/boilerplate/index.html

~BAD SOURCES~BOILERPLATE WAS NEVER REAL!

❖ THE CITATIONS:

❖ Bennett, Anina and Paul Guinan. “Boilerplate: History’s Mechanical Marvel.” Big Red Hair. 2010. Web 12 Jan. 2010. <http://www.bigredhair.com/boilerplate/soldier/bp.ww1.html>.

❖ FACTUAL INFORMATION:

❖ The term robot was not invented until 1921 when Karel Capek coined the term in the play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots). The term comes from the word "robota," which is a Czech term for forced labor. It wasn’t until 1954 that George Devol created the Unimate, an industrial robotic arm that lifts hot metal and stacks it.