Research Study About Livelihood Programs

8/12/2019 Research Study About Livelihood Programs

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LAGUNA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ARTS

SCHOOL OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introdu t!on

A livelihood is a means of making a living. It encompasses peoples

capabilities, assets, income and activities required to secure the necessities

of life. A livelihood is sustainable when it enables people to cope with and

recover from shocks and stresses (such as natural disasters and economic or

social upheavals) and enhance their well-being and that of future generations

without undermining the natural environment or resource base.

ell being is best conceptuali!ed within a livelihoods framework. A

livelihood is defined as "the activities, the assets and the access that #ointl$

determine the living gained b$ an individual or household (%llis, &'' ).

undamental to the livelihood approach is the asset or resource status of

living individuals and household. Assets provide capabilities for achieving

satisfactor$ levels of living. *$picall$ this means that the household is the

unit of anal$sis, whereb$ the household and its corresponding resource

profile is located within the conte+t of the wider "vulnerabilit$ environment

(e+ternal influences such as ha!ards and shocks will cause livelihood to be

compromised and lead to adaptation strategies), the conte+t of social

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vulnerabilities (such as age, ethnic, status, gender that casuall$ impact how

livelihood are constructed and adopted) and within their polic$ and

institutional conte+t. ural livelihood diversification is defined as the

process b$ which household construct an increasingl$ diverse portfolio of

activities and assets in order to service and improves their standard of living

or well-being.

uch of the current focus on livelihood pro#ects is due to the

emergence of concepts such as social vulnerabilit$ and resilience, and to

increasing awareness of these concepts within conservation organi!ations.

ivelihood pro#ects are suggested to have the potential to reduce

vulnerabilit$ and increase the social resilienc$ of communities (/eel$,

&''0).

*he 1it$ of 1alamba is a first class urbani!ed cit$ of aguna. It is

one of the fastest-growing cities in the province, as evidenced with the large

populace of migrants working in the cit$s industrial estates.

2owever, emplo$ment in these industries has increased in the last

three $ears, and most of the workers are non-residents of the cit$. *his is

mainl$ due to the lack of manpower possessing skills required b$ the

industries located in the town. *here is a need therefore, for the programs

to upgrade3 enhance the capabilities and skills of residents in the 1it$ of

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1alamba focusing on the requirements to the industries. *he potential for

economic growth and povert$ reduction is promoting opportunit$ to the poor

people to create and compensate their potentials in their field of interest,

facilitating empowerment and implementation that are responsive to that

needs of the people, removing barriers that result from distinction of social

status. *his involves enhancing securit$ and encouraging investment in

human capital, diversit$ household activities such as implementing

livelihood programs.

*he effect of the worldwide recession is felt over in the 1it$ of

1alamba. ultinational companies venturing in semiconductor

manufacturing and electronics industries, most of them situated in the

1armelra$ Industrial 4art (1I45) in 1anlubang, ight Industr$ 6cience 4ark

& ( I64&) and 1armelra$ Industrial 4ark & (1I4&) in eal and aguna

4remier Industrial 4ark ( 4I4) in 7atino, laid-off thousands of emplo$ees in

order to survive the recession.

1urrentl$, the cit$s livelihood programs are meat processing, fish

processing, fruit and vegetables processing, perfume making, lotion making,

essential oil making, candle making, silk screen making, soap making,

fashion accessories making, fresh flower arrangements, handicrafts making,

health and wellness products making. *he$ also conduct livelihood training

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such as tailoring and dressmaking, brown paper making and charcoal

briquetting.

In order to avail of the cit$s ivelihood oan 4rogram, the beneficiar$

is required to submit the filled up application form, most recent picture,

postal or voters I8, business proposal or income statement, baranga$

clearance, residence certificate of emplo$ment, photocop$ of latest pa$ slip

and compan$ I8 of two co-makers and house sketch. inal approval

depends on the result of the credit and background investigation conducted

b$ the officer of the 1it$ 1ooperative ivelihood 8evelopment 9ffice on the

beneficiaries. *he amount of loan is based on the t$pe of livelihood

program for the business approval and the income of the co-makers

presented b$ the beneficiar$.

*he researchers need to know the perception of beneficiaries in

terms of support of the trainers, implementors, and cit$ government.

*hrough this stud$, the three proponents could reflect on the results that

the$ need to improve on and master, and enhance their strengths on it.

*hese have perked up their interest: hence the$ want to further investigate

the matter.

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Theoret! a" Fra#e$or%

*his stud$ is anchored on the stud$ of aslow;s 2ierarch$ of /eeds

b$ Abraham aslow. 2e believed people move through stages of five needs

that motivate behavior. 2e called these needs ph$siological, safet$, love

and belongingness, esteem and self-actuali!ation. aslow believed each

stage of need had to be met before progression to the ne+t stage of need

could occur. or e+ample, before health and financial securit$ becomes a

priorit$, ph$siological needs for food and water must be met first. At the

second stage of aslow;s hierarch$ of needs is the need for safet$ and

securit$. 6afet$ needs in aslow;s hierarch$ of needs refer to the need for

securit$ and protection. hen we have our ph$siological needs for food and

water met, our safet$ needs dominate our behavior. *hese needs have to

do with our natural desire for a predictable, orderl$ world that is somehow

within our control.

7ased on the above cited theoretical framework, the researchers

have conceptuali!ed their research as shown in the figure given belowovernment %A/ I/*% 4 %*A*I9/

5. .5 %nsures that each baranga$ has afunctional livelihood program.

.5& anifested

5. .& 6upports an organi!ed pool of consultantand e+pertise with various speciali!edlivelihood programs skills.

&.J' anifested

5. . aintains training centers with completetraining facilities.

&.J anifested

5. .C 4rovides transportation services for thelivelihood program staff in order for themto monitor programs progress especiall$on upland baranga$ of the municipalit$.

.'& anifested

5. . otivates the beneficiaries throughrecognition and incentives.

.5J anifested

1omposite ean .' anifested

egend< .& H C.'' 2ighl$ anifested (2 ) &. ' H .&C anifested ( ) 5.0 H &.CJ oderatel$ anifested ( 8 5.'' H 5.0C /ot anifested (/ )

As shown in *able 5. , implementor indicator numbers 5. .5,

D%nsures that each baranga$ has a functional livelihood programE, 5. .&,

D1onsider 6upports an organi!ed pool of consultant and e+pertise with

various speciali!ed livelihood programs skills, 5. . D aintains training

centers with complete training facilitiesE, 5. .C, D4rovides transportation

services for the livelihood program staff in order for them to monitor

programs progress especiall$ on upland baranga$ of the municipalit$E, and

5. . , D otivates the beneficiaries through recognition and incentivesE, have

means of .5&, &.J', &.J , .'& and .5J respectivel$ which mean that the$

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are manifested b$ the beneficiaries. *he assessment of e+isting livelihood

program in terms of trainers has an overall mean of .' which means it is

manifested b$ the beneficiaries.

*he above-mentioned findings of the stud$ impl$ that the

manifestation of e+isting livelihood program in terms of cit$ government is

assessed as perceived b$ the beneficiaries. *he cit$ government supports

well the livelihood programs implemented b$ the government. *he$ have an

overall mean of .' in their support to the livelihood beneficiaries.

*his was supported b$ @arl (&''&) in his stud$ which showed that the

polic$ and local governance needs a more active involvement of the rural

poor in polic$ making, either directl$ or through communit$-based and civil

societ$ organi!ations, would enhance their access to assets and services

and benefits their livelihood and food securit$ goals.

-+ The re"at!on*h!p )et$een the *upport o' tra!ner*0 !#p"e#entor*0!t( &o,ern#ent and the ha""en&e* en ountered )( the

)ene'! !ar!e* o' e7!*t!n& "!,e"!hood pro&ra#+

*he second ob#ective of the stud$ is to determine the relationship of the

beneficiaries in terms of the support of trainers, implementors, cit$

government and the challenges encountered b$ the beneficiaries. esults of

anal$ses done are presented below.

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Ta)"e -

The Re"at!on*h!p )et$een the Per e!,e d Manifestation of ExistingLivelihood Program in Terms of the Support of Tra!ner*0I#p"e#entor*0 C!t( Go,ern#ent and the Cha""en&e*

En ountered )( the Bene'! !ar!e*

4aired Qariables r-value 1omputedt Qalue1riticalvalue Interpretation

the 4erceive anifestation of%+isting ivelihood 4rogramin *erms of the 6upport of

*rainers, Implementors, 1it$>overnment and the

challenges encountered b$the beneficiaries

'.5J'5F 5.&& 5 &.'&5 /ot significant

Legend: Level of significance 0.05 (two tailed test)

As shown in *able &, the anal$sis generated a computed r value of

'.5J'5F which is interpreted as Dver$ small positiveE correlation between the

perceived manifestation of e+isting livelihood program in terms of support

and the challenges encountered b$ the beneficiaries. urthermore, the said

anal$sis generated a computed t value of 5.&& 5which is less than its

critical value of &.'&5 in this case, the decision to accept the null h$pothesis.

It can be concluded that there is no significant relationship between the

perceived manifestation of e+isting livelihood program in terms of support

and the challenges encountered b$ the beneficiaries

In this case, the decision is to accept the null h$pothesis. It can be

concluded that there is no significant relationship between the perceived

manifestation of e+isting livelihood program in terms of the support of

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indicator 5. , has a mean of . L meaning it is highly manifested b$ the

beneficiaries, while indicators .&, D6ufficient livelihood programs

information driveE, . , D%+act budgetar$ allocation for livelihood programs

activitiesE, .C, DAvailabilit$ of support in marketing the residents 3

participants livelihood programs finished productsE, . D6ufficient logistics

support such transportation services and materials to be needed for the

implementersE, have means of .5&, &.J', .5C, and .' respectivel$ which

mean that the challenges in the implementation of livelihood programs are

manifested b$ the beneficiaries. *he challenges encountered b$ the

beneficiaries in the implementation of the livelihood programs have an

overall mean of .5& which means it is manifested b$ the beneficiaries.

*his was supported b$ 1lear$s stud$ (&'' ) which stated that ever$

livelihood program aims to promote development that is sustainable not #ust

ecologicall$, but also institutionall$, sociall$ and economicall$ and to

produce genuinel$ positive livelihood outcomes.

5+ The re*ear h purport* to re o##end an !#p"e#entat!on o' anenhan e#ent p"an #atr!7 'or the tra!ner*0 !#p"e#entor*0 and !t(&o,ern#ent *upport a#pa!&n to the "!,e"!hood )ene'! !ar!e*+

Genera" O)9e t!,e*

*his %nhancement 4lan is intended for the benefit of the livelihood

beneficiaries implemented in 1alamba 1it$. It is designed b$ the

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researchers in order to maintain highl$ functional and responsive trainers,

implementors, and cit$ government.

Rat!ona"e

*his is based mainl$ on the perceived manifestation of e+isting

livelihood program in terms of the support of trainers, implementors, and cit$

government. *his is to ensure proper guidance for the trainers,

implementors, and cit$ government through a well-planned %nhancement

4lan for the livelihood beneficiaries.

Area o'Con ern Pro)"e# O)9e t!,e Strate&!e*

E7pe tedOutput

*rainers,Implementors,and 1it$>overnment

oral,financial,andlivelihoodconsultant3e+pertsupport

*o strengthenthe capacit$of thecooperativein terms of itsoperation andmanagement

1onduct a1ooperative

anagement*raining

aintainedand improvedtheimplementation of livelihoodprogram thatincreases thebeneficiariesprogram.

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Chapter :

SUMMAR30 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

*his chapter initiall$ discusses the research problem, respondents of

the stud$, and the statistical treatments applied to the data gathered. *hen it

focuses on the summar$ of findings, conclusions and recommendations.

Su##ar( o' F!nd!n&*

*he main ob#ective of the stud$ was to determine the observance

and effectiveness of the e+isting livelihood programs in 1alamba 1it$.

6pecificall$, it sought to determine the perception of the livelihood

beneficiaries in terms of the support of the trainers, implementors, and the

cit$ government. *he stud$ also sought to know to find out if there is a

significant relationship on the perception of beneficiaries on the e+isting

livelihood programs in terms of support of trainers, implementers and the

cit$ government.

*he respondents of the stud$ were the C& beneficiaries from the

different baranga$s in 1alamba namel$< 7anlic, ingga, a$apa, and

6ucol. *he$ answered the set of questionnaires prepared b$ the

researchers with the help of some concerned individuals. *he data were

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statisticall$ treated using the mean and the four-point ikert 6cale. *hese

treatments were used to describe the support of the trainer, implementors,

cit$ government and challenges encountered b$ the beneficiaries of the

e+isting livelihood programs. *he 6pearman ank 1orrelation was used to

establish the relationship between the perceived manifestation of e+isting

livelihood program in terms of the support of trainers, implementors, cit$

government and the challenges encountered b$ the beneficiaries.

*he following are the findings of the stud$2 612991abu$ao 1it$, aguna

arch &''C

%lementar$< 7A/ I1 % % %/*A T 612997anlic, 1alamba 1it$, aguna

arch &'''

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Research Study About Livelihood Programs

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