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The respiratory system

• The parts of the respiratory system• The air passages and tubes• The air pump• Breathing movements• Gaseous exchange• Respiration• Smoking and health

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Starter:

Is breathing the same as respiration?

Breathing Respiration

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Respiration:

The chemical reactions that break down nutrient molecules in living cells to produce energy

For which of the following things do we use energy in our bodies?

muscle contraction

protein synthesis

cell division

growth

passing nerve impulses

maintaining body temperature

YES NO

(move the boxes to the right column)

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For which of the following things do we use energy in our bodies?

muscle contraction

protein synthesis

cell division

growth

passing nerve impulses

maintaining body temperature

YES NO

The answers!

ALL OF THEM!!

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Gaseous exchange - respiration

Why do people confuse breathing with respiration? What do they have in common?

What is respiration?

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Energy is released

Aerobic respiration

The release of energy from sugar

glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water

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glucose

water carbondioxide

oxygen

++

Build the word equation for aerobic respiration

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Testing air

Lime water

Lime water

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Composition of air

CO2

O2

H2O

inhaled exhaled

0.03%

21.0% 18.0%

4.0%

variable 100%

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The chemical equation for aerobic respiration

What is the formula for the following compounds/molecules

Carbon dioxide

water

oxygen

glucose

Higher tier only:

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Glucose

C6H12O6

Water

H2O

Oxygen

O2

Carbon dioxide

CO2

C6H12O6 H2OO2 CO2+ +

2 rules that will help with balancing a chemical equation:

1. count up the number of atoms on each side of the equation2. Leave the pure element until last as it is easier to balance

C H O C H O

Higher tier only:

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Write the word equation for aerobic respiration

Write the chemical equation for aerobic respiration

Higher tier only:

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Anaerobic respiration

What happens if there is not enough oxygen?

Glucose Lactic acid + some energy

C6H12O6 2C3H6O3

These are the same numbers, but in a different order

+ 1/20 of the energy of aerobic respiration

As anaerobic respiration continues, this results in oxygen debt. You know this is happening when you feel a pain in your muscles. This is called cramp.

You need to allow your muscles time to repay the debt.

• What can you do to reduce the time it takes to repay oxygen debt?

Higher tier only:

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Anaerobic respiration in yeast

C6H12O6 2C2H5OH

Some organisms such as yeast, a single-celled fungus, are used in anaerobic conditions to produce alcohol from anaerobic respiration.

2CO2+

glucose ethanol carbon dioxide + energy+

+ energy

Higher tier only:

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Know the parts of the respiratory system

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The air passages and tubes

The nose

The windpipe (trachea)

The bronhi and bronchioles

• Contains hairs to trap dust• Produces mucous to trap bacteria • Has many blood capillaries to warm the air

• Made from C-shaped rings of cartilage which is strong but stiff

• Lining contains two types of cells. One type produces mucous. The other type has cilia on the surface

• The trachea gets smaller and divides• The tubes can become swollen if there is an allergic

response such as asthma

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Gaseous exchange

Describe how you think alveoli can be adapted to do the following:

• Allow the quick transfer of large amounts of gas

Higher tier only

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Higher tier only

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What happens in an alveolus?

Higher tier only

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Smoking and health

Cigarettes contain many bad chemicals

One such chemical is tar

Higher tier only

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Effects of smoking on health:

http://www.bbc.co.uk/health/physical_health/conditions/smoking_health_effects.shtml

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The air pump

What happens when you breathe in and out?

Starter:

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http://www.biotopics.co.uk/humans/inhexh.html

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http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/pe/appliedanatomy/1_anatomy_respiratorysys_rev1.shtml

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moves in

decreases

moves outincreases

contract

contract

move down

relax

moves down andbecomes flatter

move up

relaxmoves up andbecomes dome shaped

Complete the table

Breathing movement Inspiration(inhaling)

Expiration(exhaling)

External intercostal muscles

Rib action

Diaphragm muscles

Diaphragm action

Change in chest volume

Air

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Complete the table - The answers

Breathing movement Inspiration(inhaling)

Expiration(exhaling)

External intercostal muscles

Rib action

Diaphragm muscles

Diaphragm action

Change in chest volume

Air

moves down andbecomes flatter

contract relax

moves up andbecomes dome shaped

contract relax

move downmove up

increases decreases

moves in moves out

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Depth of breathing

Tidal = 500 cm3

Vital = 4000 cm3

Dead volume used for panting in dogs

Measure lung capacity