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Science and Health

Grade V

Respiratory System

Learning Guide: Science and Health

Learning Guide

BUREAU OF ELEMENTARY EDUCATIONCURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT DIVISION

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION, CULTURE AND SPORTSMeralco Avenue, Pasig City

2000

Government Property Not for SaleFirst Printing 2001

Copyright Notice. Section 9 of Presidential Decree No. 49 provides: “No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Republic of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary fro exploitation of such work for profit.”

The Learning Guides for Science and Health were developed by the Curriculum Development Division of the Bureau of Elementary Education. These materials were purposely prepared to supplement and complement learning made through the basic texts. Each learning guide constitutes the total learning process and may therefore be used not only to reinforce or enrich learning. These learning guides are recommended for use in the elementary schools in the country.

Bureau of Elementary EducationOffice Address: 2nd Floor, Bonifacio Bldg.

DECS Complex, Meralco AvenuePasig City

Telephone Number: 632-13-61 loc. 2055/2174/2175Fax No.: 633-72-70

Management Staff. Dr. Lidinila M. Luis-Santos, Director IV, Dr. Teresita G. Inciong, Director III; Dr. Merlita A. Nolido, Chief, CDD; Ms. Corazon L. Galang, former Chief, CDD.

Writing Committee. Elizabeth J. Escaño, Project Coordinator, Buenaventurada Lozada, Carol Cruz, Rosine C. Rivera, Josefina V. Lacuna, Cresenciana T. Bunagan, Teresita E. Quinto, Nerisa M. Marquez, Ferdinand T. Batoon, Members; Leila B__sas, Arabella Ramos, Supervisors, Division of Cavite City; Eva Sagpao, Supervisor, Division of Cvite; remedies G. Pardo, Herminia G. Valenzuela, Rowena B. Dino, Glenda P. Monterozo, Myrna D. latoza, Ferdinand S. Bergado, Wilson T. Sy, Julius Peter Samulde, Romeo A. Granadozin, Support Staff, Eric S. de Guia, Fermin M. Fabella, Illustrators.

Preparatory Activities

On Your Own

Copy the table below in your notebook. Classify the following body parts Write them in the proper column.

1. stomach 6. ovary

2. skull 7. fallopian tube

3. uterus 8. esophagus

4. large intestine 9. ribs

5. vertebral column 10. pancreas

Share your work with the class.

REVIEW

Developmental Activities

Skeletal System Digestive System Reproductive System

At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:

Identify the respiratory system and its major parts Describe how the parts of the respiratory system work Trace the path of the air inside your body

On Your Own

Do these:

Study the parts of the respiratory system. Point to each part as you go through each activity.

Activity 1

EXPLORE

Do you want to know about your respiratory system?Then…

Get a hand mirror.

Look at the inside part of your nose.Do you see the two small openings?These are the nostrils, where the air gets in and out of your body.

Look at the inside parts of your nose again. Can you see tiny hairs?These are called cilia. Also inside your nose is a sticky substance called mucus. The cilia filter the dust and the germs from the air. The mucus moistens and filters more of the dirt and dust from the air we breathe. The air is cleaned, warmed and moistened before it enters the lungs.

Activity 2

Look at the picture on page 2. Find the pharynx.

From the pharynx, trace where the clean warm air passes through down to the trachea.

The pharynx is like a meeting center where tubes meet. Two of the tubes come from the nose and the mouth. These tubes enable you to breathe not only through your nose but also through your mouth.

Between the pharynx and trachea is another part of the respiratory system called larynx. Point where the larynx is.

With a Partner

Find this out by doing this.

Breathe deeply and slowly through your nose. Do you feel the air as it goes down to your pharynx and down through the lungs?

Breathe deeply and slowly through your mouth. Do you feel the same?

Share your findings with your partner.

Activity 3

Go further on the other parts. Find the trachea. This is a long tube where air passes through.

Do you notice the rings of cartilage that support it? These rings of cartilage keep the trachea from collapsing when you breathe in (inhale) and breathe out (exhale).

Press lightly the area just below your voice box or “Adam’s Apple”. You feel your trachea.

Look at the lower part of the trachea. It branches into two big tubes called bronchial tubes. Each tube leads to the lungs, the left and the right lungs. Find them in the picture.

INTERIOR OF THE RIGHT LUNG LEFT LUNGSHOWING THE BRANCHING OFTHE BRONCHIAL TUBES

What do you want to know about the lungs?

The lungs are the lightest organs of the body. They are large and pinkish in color. They have spongy tissues.

Air enters nostrils. Then it goes into a tube called trachea or windpipe. The trachea branches into two tubes called bronchial tubes. The tubes lead to the lungs. Find this in the picture.

The bronchial tubes are subdivided into smaller pipes. Look at the pipes. Do they look like branches of a tree?

Look at the tip of the tiny tubes. They are filled with air called air sacs. Cluster of air sacs are called alveoli. Find this in the picture. These air sacs are surrounded by tiny blood tubes known as capillaries. Here, oxygen passes through the walls of the capillaries where it combines with the red cells. Carbon dioxide leaves your body through the tube where the oxygen enters.

Below the lungs is a curved muscle called the diaphragm. The diaphragm separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. Locate the diaphragm on page 6.

Are you already familiar with the parts of the respiratory system? Make a summary of what you just learned. Copy this on a sheet of paper. Supply the information being asked.

With the Group

Form 3 groups.

Discuss your answer with the group.

With a Partner

Do this exercise with a partner.

Face your partner. Take a deep breath and exhale slowly.Observe the chest of your partner as he/she breathes in and out. Is there movement?

Touch your lower rib as you inhale.Does it move upward?Touch again your lower rib as you exhale.Does it move downward?

Compare your observations.

How We Breathe

Air with oxygen enters your nose where it is warmed and cleaned by the mucus and cilia. The clean air passes through the pharynx to the windpipe or trachea down to the bronchial tubes.

Respiratory System

Parts What is its work? Describe the part

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

READ

DISCUSS

How We Breathe

Air with oxygen enters your nose where it is warmed and cleaned by the mucus and cilia. The clean air passes through the pharynx to the windpipe or trachea down to the bronchial tubes.

With the Group

1. What system takes good care of our breathing process?

2. Based on the structure of this system which of the parts performs the following functions?

__________ . allows air to get in and out of the body

____________. filters the air with dust and other foreign particles entering the nose

___________ . moistens the air before it flows into the lungs.

___________ . passage of air from the pharynx to the lungs

___________ . passage of air leading to the left and right lungs

3. Why is the breathing process very important?

WHAT I LEARNED

I learned that:

The main task of the respiratory system is gathering oxygen into the body.

The organs of the respiratory system are the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes and the lungs.

Pharynx-where the clean warm air passes through down to a long tube called trachea or wind pipe

Bronchial tubes-two pipes leading to the left and right lungs Lungs-lightest organ of the body.

Using a simple diagram, trace the path of air that goes in and out of the body.

1. What is the function of the respiratory system?

a.) To supply the blood with carbon dioxideb.) To protect the body from diseasesc.) To make the lungs healthyd.) To help in breathing

2. Exchange of gases takes place in the ________________.

a.) trachea c.) air sacsb.) pharynx d.) bronchial tubes

3. They are tiny hairs that filter the air that enters the body.

a.) Throat c.) Air sacsb.) Cilia d.) Mucus membrane

4. What happens to the diaphragm when you exhale?

a.) It contracts c.) It swingsb.) It expands d.) It moves up and down

5. How would the lungs be best described?

a.) They look like inflated balloons.b.) They are porous and spongy.c.) They are tubes covered with capillaries.d.) They are flat and thick tissues.

Think and Answer

LET’S APPLY

TEST YOURSELF