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symptoms.-Dr. Broadbent showed a case of Paralysis ofthe Third Cranial Nerve of rapid onset in a woman, aged30 years ; improvement was occurring under treatment withpotassium iodide. It was pointed out that certain of thesecases of nerve paralysis ultimately developed locomotor ataxia.-The President and Mr. Crisp English discussed the case.THERAPEUTICAL SOCIETY.-A meeting of this

society was held on Jan. 22nd, Dr. T. E. Burton Brown,the President, beirig in the chair.-Mr. F. H. Bonnefinread a paper entitled "Short Notes on a Method for

Rendering Creasote and Cannabis Indica Soluble andon some Little Known Medicinal Remedies." He showedclear solutions both of creasote and of cannabis indicawhich he prepared by the following formulae:—1. Formaking creasote soluble: Decoctum quillaiæ concentratum(1 in 7), 2 parts ; solutio sodii salicylatis puri (1 in 2), 1part; and creosotum optimum, 1 part. Shake and warm

very gently. 2. For making cannabis indica soluble :Extractum cannabis indicse (physiologically tested), 1

part ; spiritus vini rectificatus, 4 parts ; decoctum quil-laiæ concentratum (1 in 7), 7 parts ; and aqua destil-lata, 8 parts. Mix the extract with the alcohol,warm, add warm decoction of quillaia, shake ; finally,add warm distilled water, shake, and strain after threedays. He showed how each solution remained clear on Iadding either water or acid, so that no precipitationwould take place in the stomach.-In the discussionwhich followed Mr. W. Soper, Professor A. R. Cushny, andProfessor R. B. Wild took part, when evidence was broughtforward to show that these preparations contained no activeprinciples, and that after due consideration they had beendeliberately omitted from the U.S. Pharmacopoeia as inert.-Professor Wild then read a paper on the Proper Scope of theTeaching of Materia Medica, Pharmacology, and Thera-peutics in the Medical Curriculum, in which he endeavouredto arouse the interest of medical men in the better teachingof therapeutics. He laid stress on the fact that while greatchanges had taken place in the practice of therapeuticsduring the past twenty-five years, there had not been cor-responding changes in the teaching of the medical student.At the present time the chief obstacle to any reform in theteaching of materia medica and therapeutics lay, he thought,in the great diversity in the requirements of the various

examining bodies, and some general agreement was urgentlyrequired as to what should be insisted upon as an essentialminimum for qualification, and what had become obsoleteand might well be removed from the overcrowded curriculum.-Professor Cushny, Dr. J. Gordon Sharp, and the Secretaryjoined in a discussion on the paper and agreed withProfessor Wild’s conclusions.

DERMATOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF GREAT BRITAINAND IRELAND -A meeting of this society was held on

Jan. 23rd, Dr. Leslie Roberts, the President, being in thechair.-Mr. G. W. Dawson showed : 1. A boy, aged 11 years,with Tinea Tonsurans to illustrate the rapid and completeclearance oE all diseased hairs after only four exposures tothe x rays. 2. A woman. aged 45 vears, with AcuteLichen Planus of five months’ duration. The eruption wasof an annular type and widespread and the patient’s generalhealth bad suffered much at the onset of the illness. Shewas being treated with salicin.-Dr. A. Eidowes showed ayoung woman with Acrodermatitis Hiemalis of nine years’standing. The hands were much congested and pre-sented numerous scars the result of deep-seated noduleswhich had come to the surface and ruptured. The casewas commented upon by many of the members who pointedout the likeness of the condition to folliclis (Barth6len-iy), tochilblain-lupus (Hutchinson), and also to scrofuloderma.-Dr. E. G. Graham Little presented a case for diagnosisin the person of a woman, aged 33 years, in whom a Scaly,Papular Eruption had appeared three weeks ago, accom-panied by a dryness and irritation of the whole integument.The condition seemed to resemble lichen planus, but it wasgenerally conceded to be the result of some severe toxicinfection.-Dr. J. H. Stowers showed a boy, aged nine years,with a Small Nodule upon the Right Cheek. The child wassaid to have been bitten by a mosquito on this spot sevenmonths previously. None of the members were satisfiedthat the lesion was tuberculous in nature.

BURNLEY AND DISTRICT MEDICO-ETHICAL Asso-CIATION.-A meeting of this society took place on Jan. 24th Dr. J. S. Wilson, the President, being in the chair.-Dr. A,Macgregor Sinclair showed four tumours of Ectopic Gesta.tion which he had recently removed from patient?. He gavE

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histories of each of the cases and laid especial stress uponeach of the women having been sterile for several years andhaving had an offensive leuoorrhoeal discharge during theperiod of sterility, and reasoned from these facts that

" ectopic gestation " was probably due to diseases either ofthe uterus or of the tubes. Each case was marked by theusual symptoms of abdominal pain and bloodlessness beforeoperation and a well-marked pulsation in the fornixof the side upon which the tumour was situated. Thefourth case differed from the first three, inasmuch as

it was complicated by an adherent inflamed appendix andthe earlier abdominal symptoms were obscure. On operating,the right tube, which contained a three or four months’fcetus, was twisted round behind the uterus and attached tothe appendix, and though it was ruptured only a smallamount of hæmorrhage had taken place because the tear inthe tumour was filled by the protruding head of the fœtus.The cases were all treated in the ordinarv aseptic mannerand made uneventful recoveries.-Dr. H. J. Slane, Dr.R. C. Holt, and the President took part in the discussion.-Mr. J. H. Carter, F.R C.V.S., who was present, related a caseof Ectopic Gestation in a Newfoundland bitch.DERMATOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.-A meet-

ing of this society was held on Jan. 9th, Dr. T. Colcott Foxbeing in the chair.-Dr. S. E. Dore showed for Dr. J. J.Pringlea case of a Bullous Disease, with the clinical featuresof dermatitis herpetiformis, in a man who had been undertreatment for five years with arsenic. The eruption was con-trolled by doses of six minims of liquor arsenicalis, butthe patient bad latterly shown very serious symptoms ofarsenical poisoning. He had pigmentation over almost thewhole body, keratosis of the palms and soles, and in-creased knee-jerks.-Dr. J. H. M. MacLeod showed a case ofLichen Planus which had commenced with curious patchesof hypertrophy of the epidermis of the knees before theappearance of more typical patches of lichen planus on thewrists bad cleared up the diagnosis. The hypertrophiedpatches had disappeared under treatment by the x rays.-Dr. E. G. Graham Little showed an unusual case of LupusErythematosus, involving the scalp alone, in a medicalstudent. The largest patch was of a band shape and hadpersisted for three years. Dr. Little also showed a case oiwhat was clinically almost certainly Lupus Vulgaris of theNose and Upper Lip in a young girl, but repeated estima-tions of the opsonic index showed a normal figure for

tubercle and only 0’ 6 for streptococcus. The clinical

diagnosis was supported by the opinion of the meeting.

Reviews and N otices of Books.A Text-Boo7z of Psychiatryfor Physicians and Students. By

LEONARDO BIANCHI, M.D., Professor of Psychiatry andNeuropathology in the Royal University of Naples,Minister of Public Instruction, Medical Director of theProvincial Asylum, Naples. Authorised Translation fromthe Italian by J. H. MACDONALD, M.B., Ch.B. Glasg.,Senior Assistant Physician, Govan District Asylum.London : Bailliere, Tindall, and Cox. 1906. Pp. xvi.-902.Price 21s. net.Tuis important treatise opens with an introduction of 23

pages, which constitutes a brief review of the evolution ofthe mental faculties. Then follows an anatomical descrip-tion of the cerebral mantle with an account of the motorand sensory paths and centres, of associative paths, and ofthe minute anatomy of the cortex. The latest observationsare recorded. The neuron theory, that of continuity ofthe neuro-fibrils, and the functions of the neuroglia arediscussed in the light of recent research. The physiologyof the cerebral mantle is also dealt with at length;thus, the physiology of vision, movement and speech,Flechsig’s doctrine of associative areas, and the physi-ology of the frontal lobes (so important as organs ofthe highest psychic functions). Some 150 pages (constitut-ing Part I. of the book) are given to the anatomy and phy-siology of the cortex cerebri.

Part II. treats of the’ physio-pathology of the various

mental processes ; thus, the physio-pathology of perception,attention, memory, will, and so on. No less than 216 pages

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are devoted to the analysis or these processes in health and t

disease. Indeed, the domain3 of anatomy, physiology, and physiological psychology are perhaps somewhat too exten- asively invaded. The anatomical substrata of the various mental processes are discussed, it being shown that narrow l

conceptions of localisation cannot be entertained, the area offormation and conservation of these processes being widely diffused. In the synthesis of psychical processes the frontallobes are mainly concerned. With respect to consciousnessalso the frontal lobes constitute the chief centre, though itsanatomical substratum is co-extensive with the entire

cerebral mantle.Mental disorders proper are considered in Part III. (477

pages), which opens with a chapter on the methods (pyscho-logical, anthropological, and neurological) and upon thescope of clinical inquiry. The classification adopted is, inview of the impossibility of holding to a single criterion,’’ based upon "nosological, mtiological, and anatomo-patho-logical criteria." Mental affections are divided into three

groups, each of which has some characteristic feature; thusin those of the first group there is always a primary defectdue to want of cerebral development (congenital moralinsanity, epilepsy, fixed ideas, and so on) ; the second

group comprises affections of toxic origin supervening innormally developed persons (such as mania, confusional

states, and alcoholic and morphinic insanity) ; and thethird group includes disorders with demonstrable anatomico-

pathological alterations in the brain (paralytic, senile

dementia, dementia of focal lesions, and the like).The remainder of the book is occupied with the dis-

cussion of the individual members of these groups.Idiocy is described under "Phrenasthenia." ; objection maybe taken to such a limited application of the latter term.

Sub-groups of idiocy and imbecility are not described forthe reason that they are artificial. Under " Paraphrenia

"

come the eccentrics, "cranks," fanatics, and such likeborderland cases. Under "Delinquency" are consideredthe anti-social or criminal classes. The author distinguishesbetween the criminal born and the criminal from acquiredhabit but does not admit an anthropological type of

delinquent. Modern views upon the toxic origin of

epilepsy are discussed; the anatomical changes found in

the brains of epileptics are regarded as effects and

not causes. 37 pages are devoted to " hysterical in-

sanity" but under this heading ordinary hysteria is

also described. The author is no advocate of hypnotismthough he recognises the occasional benefit derived fromvarious forms of suggestion. In regard to paranoia,quot homines, tot sententiae; we are not surprised to

find that Professor Bianchi has views of his own. The

manifestations of this disorder would appear to varymuch in accordance with the nationality of the patient andto be peculiarly susceptible to local colouring. The remain-

ing disorders of the first group are obsessions, neurasthenia,and the sexual psychopathies. In introducing the disordersof the second group reasons are given for the belief that

they are due to the entrance of endogenous or exogenoustoxins into the blood stream. The chief members of the

group are mania, melancholia, "sensory" insanity, acutedelirium, and alcoholic insanity. Pure mania and melan-cholia are recognised apart from " manic-depressive in-sanity. "Sensory" or hallucinatory insanity (an unusualdesignation) covers the various conditions included by othersunder dementia præcox. The chief disease of the third

group is naturally paralytic dementia., to which 45 ’pagesare devoted. Modern views as to its etiology and pathologyare fully discussed and it is shown that great uncertaintystill exists on these points. Short chapters on other formsof dementia due to organic lesions bring this comprehensivetreatise to a conclusion. The book is freely illustrated.

Professor Bianchi’s high reputation in the field of psycho.logical medicine led many to welcome the announcement

that an English translation of his work had been undertaken.The book gives evidence throughout of its distinguishedauthor’s great experience, industry, and scientific impartiality,and he exhibits a truly cosmopolitan acquaintance with theliterature of his subject. He has produced a standard work.With but rare exceptions we find the English of the transla-tion clear and readable.

Growth, A Novel. By GRAHAM TRAVERS (MARGARET TODD.M.D. Brux.). London: Constable and Co. 1906. Pp. 418.Price 6s.

"GROWTH" more than fulfils the early promise of the

author who gained so wide a circle of admirers by her firstnovel, " Mona Maclean, Medical Student." This later and

more mature work will appeal to the large public of

thoughtful readers who appreciate a sympathetic study of themomentous years of student life, those most important andfertile years of mental and moral growth in the history ofthe individual. -

The hero, Dugald Dalgleish, only son of a widow, leaveshis country home as soon as he can gather together fundsenough (12s. a week) to enable him to go to the Universityof Edinburgh to study for the ministry. An enthusiasticidealist eager for knowledge, the young Calvinist is throwninto the society of kindred intellects, and takes a prominentpart in the debating societies which form such impor-tant influences in the lives of a nation proverbially proneto love argument on theological and metaphysical matters.The overwhelming inrush of new ideas born ofmodern science and philosophy unites to shake the veryfoundations of the young man’s being ; his studies are

neglected and for a time his character is altered for theworse. He is saved from sinking to any depth by threestrong influences-the friendship of the heroine Judith,love for a beautiful actress, and hero-worship of his seniorfellow-student Thatcher. Judith understands the lad’s stateof mind and administers doses of praise or blame and rendersunselfish assistance whenever necessary. Her gospel is theHuman Brotherhood and her life is steadfastly devoted tohelping lame dogs over stiles. Regardless of conventions,with strict ideals of duty, yet not lacking in humour and inreadiness to admit her errors and prejudices, combining theintellectual honesty of man with the sympathy and love-ableness of woman, Judith presents one of the most

attractive types of modern womanhood in fiction and

the reader is the richer for having made her acquaintance.Ianthe Brooke, the actress, is a less real figure, but the

bewildering effect of her grace, charm, and beauty on theraw lad who had been brought up to regard beautiful thingsand pleasures as works of the devil is carefully and truthfully

. portrayed. Thatcher, the ascetic hero, forms an interesting. study of the conversion of a Puritan to Roman Catholicism.

We may here mention that the author should not have

described a typical group of Scottish students in Edinburghj as belonging to a Nonconformist chapel with a pastor. lt

would have been more in keeping with local colour had she; associated them with a minister and a seceding kirk, andwhat she describes is, in fact, such a community.- The numerous other characters in the novel all illustrate a- definite outlook on life, showing their individual solution of1 the problem of the meaning of life and duty and theirs relation towards God. It is greatly to the credit of the1 author that the underlying religious motif of the book is nots too much in evidence; the characters live, they are noty mere shadows who repeat formulae in order to promote theiry creator’s belief in a particular creed. In this respects

" Growth" stands far above the average novel with a

e " religious purpose." The attitude of doubt, the criticismof each and every creed and church, natural to a group ofhonest young students, is truthfully depicted ; and the

ultimate adhesion to one or another church, according to the

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individual’s temperament and ability, as described by theauthor, is true to life. The good in every church is generouslyillustrated ; the evil and the limitations are but lightlymentioned. Thatcher and Carew represent the advancedintellectual type of Roman Catholic ; Frances and Monsignorthe emotional type, to whom dogma and tradition are asnecessary as the air they breathe. Mr. Atherley, the pastor,is the foil to Father Bernard ; both acquit themselves equallynobly ; both are ornaments to their respective churches.

Less happy, we consider, is the portrayal of the final effectof the new scientific and philosophical thought on Dalgleishand his sister Grizel. The following suggestive paragraphshould have served as a text for the final chapters of thebook: "To his great delight, he had started Logic andMetaphysics....... Day after day he drank in the lecturesas a thirsty soil drinks in the rain, To be given the formsof thought, combined with such freedom to think, was aprivilege he had ceased to expect from his pastors and

masters, and it was beneficial as much from a moral as froman intellectual point of view. Little as he suspected thefact, freedom of thought had come of late to mean for himsomething perilously like lawlessness. The new studies had

pricked that bubble for ever." Many a young student, whendeprived of his belief in dogmas, has imagined that religionand morality necessarily fall at the same time ; but a

deeper study proves to him that religion and moralitynot only remain unaffected but are natural forces all thestronger and more convincing for their lack of artificial

props. Djdgleish and Grizel are shown in their first stageof despair and sadness, bravely accepting Truth but un-consoled for the loss of their ancient and dear beliefs. Butif they lost some loved beliefs they also lost many crampingand cruel beliefs. By means of their new knowledge theygained a wider, grander faith, with endless vistas of gloriouspromise, and they acquired a nobler conception of God, onemore in harmony with the great movements of the uni-

verse revealed by scientific research. Of a surety, after afew unsettled years of mental bewilderment, the happinessand comfort of their newer knowledge would have morethan recompensed them for their incapacity to regard lifefrom the same standpoint as their saintly mother. This moreadvanced stage of reconcilement and peace is hinted atrather than described and for this reason the book to manyreaders will appear incomplete, like a noble song broughtto a sudden end before the final note of triumph has beensung.We can confidently recommend this novel as a work of

art, describing a side of life which is but rarely met with infiction. Novels professing to deal with student life usuallydepict games, slang, and convivial gatherings ; the inner

turmoil of the awakening active young spirit, the idealism,and the earnest seeking after truth are equally true and moreimportant aspects of student life, and it is these that

" Growth " so capably and sympathetically describes.

:lÞIedical Electricity. By H. LEWIS JONES, M.D. Cantab.,Medical Officer in charge of the Electrical Department,St. Bartholomew’s Hospital. Fifth edition. London:H. K. Lewis. 1906. Pp. 519. Price 12s. 6d. net.LiTTLE more than two years have elapsed since we

reviewed the fourth edition of this important work. In the

interval the author has almost entirely rewritten the bookand has also rearranged the contents, besides deleting someparts which were unnecessary. All the changes which havebeen thus brought about serve to increase the value of thebook.The historical chapter with which the previous editions

opened has been omitted, and Chapter I. now forms a usefulintroduction to elementary physics, where those who wishmay refresh their memories with regard to the fundamentalprinciples of the whole subject. The next six chapters dealwith apparatus in a very thorough manner, from the simplest

form of medical battery to the latest development in highpotential electricity. Chapter VIII. is devoted to RoentgenRays and forms a very excellent and trustworthy résl1.mé of

the present position of this branch of work. Next follows a

chapter on physiological considerations, in which the generaleffects of the various forms of electricity on the tissues arefully gone into. Then come others on general diseases, thenervous system, circulatory disturbances, special senses, andthe skin.We notice that the special chapters on electricity in

surgery and the electric bath are now done away with andthe matter is distributed around the chapters on apparatus ortherapeutics as may be most desirable. The chapter ondiagnosis has also disappeared as a separate entity and isincorporated in the chapters dealing with the nervous system,to which it more properly belongs.The whole book has been brought entirely up to date and

in our opinion is likely to maintain the position which it haslong held as the standard work on medical electricity in this.country.

LIBRARY TABLE.

Atlas of Applied (l’opograpkical) Anatomy. By Dr. KARLVON BARDELEBEN and Professor Dr. H. HAECKEL. Authorised

English adaptation from the third German edition, contain-ing 204 woodcuts in several colours and descriptive text. ByJ. HOWELL EvArrs, M.A., M.B., M.Ch. Oxon., F.R.C.S.Eng.London and New York : Rebman Company. 1906. Largecrown 4to. Price 32s. net.-In preparing this adaptationof Bardeleben’s well-known atlas Mr. Howell Evans has been

guided in his selection of plates by their relative clinicalimportance. Those regions of the body which have of recentyears become of increasing interest have received particularattention. We find especial prominence given to the anatomyof the tympanum and its accessory cavities, to the air sinusesof the face and base of the skull, to the Gasserian ganglion,and to the surgical anatomy of the gall-bladder, bile ducts,pancreas, and organs of the male pelvis. The anatomy ofthe limbs is well illustrated but the plates possess no dis-tinctive features. We notice that the I I sigmoicl flexure" itsstill described and that the cutaneous segmental nerve areasare not figured in accordance with the views of Englishobservers. The atlas will, no doubt, find its sphere of useful-ness but as it is not provided with an index speedy re-

ference to any desired point is very difficult,The Developrnent of the Hnman Body: a iVanual of

Embryology. By J. PLAYFAIR MCMURRITCH, A.M., Ph.D.,Professor of Anatomy in the University of Michigan.Second edition, revised and enlarged. With 272 illustra-

tions. London : Rebman, Limited. 1906. Price 14s. net.-Without pretence at originality Professor McMurritcb

presents the subject of human embryology in a very read-able and convenient form. His descriptions are lucid andat the same time concise. Moreover, by avoiding referenceto highly controversial matters the attention of the reader isnot distracted from the essential of the subject. The resultis a text-book well adapted to the needs of the ordinarystudent. The book is divided into two parts, of which thefirst is concerned with general development, whilst the

second deals with the formation of the various systems andorgans, concluding with a chapter on post-natal develop-ment. The volume is well illustrated, mainly by figuresfrom various well-known authorities on the subject. Weare not surprised to find that a second edition has so soonbeen called for.

Mecscles and Nerves : can Atlas- of the Superfieial Musclesand Principal Motor Nerves of the Human Body, for the Useof students of Anatomy and Nurses. By LOUIS BATHERAWLING, F.R.C.S. Eng., Assistant Surgeon and SeniorDemonstrator of Anatomy, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital.With four figures and explanations, London : The Scientifi.c