248

examination during pregnancy, when Csesarean section wouldbe indicated.

BRISTOL MEDICO- CHIRURGICAL SOCIETY.-Ameeting of this society was held on Jan. 8th, Dr. Walter C.Swayne, the President, being in the chair.-Dr. J. A. Nixongave a demonstration on the Technique of the IntravenousAdministration of Neo-salvarsan. He stated that it was

necessary in syphilis to give doses at intervals of a week orless until Wassermann’s reaction had become negative, and Iremained so for at least four weeks, four or five doses beingusually required.-Dr. C. W. J. Brasher, in a paper onIntermittent Swelling of the Parotid Gland, related the caseof an adult female who had had attacks of acute parotidswelling at intervals for more than ten years. A vaccine ofthe micrococcus catarrhalis grown from the interior ofStenson’s duct gave a year of freedom from attacks, but thecondition had since recurred.-Dr. J. 0. Symes said that hehad seen a boy with bilateral parotid swelling occurring everyevening for some weeks following an attack of mumps.-Dr. Carey Coombs said that he had seen a similar conditionaffecting the submaxillary glands.-Dr. R. S. S. Stathamshowed a specimen of Primary Rupture of the PregnantUterus before Labour. When the patient, who was eightmonths pregnant, was first seen she was thought to be acase of concealed accidental haemorrhage, but a laparotomyrevealed an extensive rupture of the uterus and the childfree in the peritoneal cavity. She had been curetted a yearpreviously for a septic abortion, and no other cause could befound.-Dr. F. H. Edgeworth related a case in which

phosphaturia and oxaluria alternated, the latter conditionbeing accompanied by renal colic and hasmaturia. The con-dition was cured by more complete mastication, the patienthaving previously bolted his food.-Dr. Brasher had also acase of oxaluria accompanied by hsematuria and renal colic.

Reviews and Notices of Books.X yMCM. By W. J. S. BYTHELL,X Ray Diagnosis and Treatment. By W. J. S. BYTHELL,

B.A. Cantab., M.D. Vict., Honorary Physician to theAncoats Hospital, Manchester ; and A. E. BARCLAY,M.D.Cantab., M.R.C.S. Eng., Medical Officer to theElectrical and X Ray Departments, Manchester RoyalInfirmary. With 118 illustrations. London : Hodderand Stoughton. 1912. Pp. 139. Price 158.

OF the many books on X ray work we have had occasionto peruse we do not remember one that has so many pleasingfeatures as that now under consideration. It would seem to

have been the authors’ constant care to say no more than

it was necessary to say on any particular point, and to sayit in the most clear and concise way. As the book does not

pretend to teach the technique of radiology, we are spared ahundred or more pages of material that can be usually foundin any text-book of physics and in an instrument maker’scatalogue. The authors have drawn upon a large experienceof their own, and confine their observations to that almost

entirely, and there is never any difficulty in ascertaining theirviews regarding debatable matters. Another good featureis formed by the illustrations. These are all from strikingplates made by the authors, are well reproduced, and con-veniently placed in groups at the end of each chapter. Onthe subject of fractures the limitations of the value of a

screen examination are emphasised. In a large proportionof cases only a plate of good quality can make the situationclear, and nothing less than this is admissible when the

question of readjustment of the fragments by operativeprocedure arises.X ray diagnosis in connexion with diseases of the bones

and joints is thoroughly well dealt with. The loss of opacitythat accompanies most bone diseases-notably tubercu-

losis-is well shown in the excellent skiagrams that illus-

trate this chapter. Wisely, we think, a special chapter hasbeen devoted to the examination of the bones and joints in

children. In no branch of radiography is a greater experi-ence necessary than in the interpretation of plates madeduring the growing period, whether for accident or disease.The authors have done much to help in clearing the difficultiesthat surround this important subject.Turning to the section of internal medicine there is a

very useful chapter on the examination of the thorax. It is

pointed out that it is in the more obscure cases that the aidof the X ray is desired, especially in the earlier stages,Phthisis is, of course, the most common condition that

requires every available aid to assist the diagnosis.Defective lighting up of dark or mottled areas, restricted

movement of the diaphragm, enlarged bronchial glands nearthe root of the lungs, are among the important signs thatcan be made out only by this method, and they go far todetermine the nature of the case under investigation. This

chapter is a valuable one. Dr. Barclay’s work on the

examination of the stomach and intestines is well known

both at home and abroad, and we are fortunate in havinghis ideas so clearly and concisely stated in the chapter onthe examination of the abdomen. In a sound chapter onthe urinary system, we note that the authors state that inthe examination for stone the error need not exceed 1 percent. The therapeutic applications of the X rays are referredto in one short chapter, and there is a brief appendix onX ray apparatus and technique.

This book is meant for medical men generally, whowish to know how far the X rays may be of assis-

tance in any case that appears likely to be benefited

thereby. They need have no fear of being inundatedwith a lot of technical detail of no special interestto themselves. They will find every page interesting andeasy to understand, and so great is the importance of radio-logy in modern medicine and surgery that many of our

readers must be seeking just this work.

Practical Anatomy : an Exposition of the Facts of Gross

Anatomy from the Topographical Standpoint and a Gitideto the Dissection of the Hwrrzman Body. By JOHN C.HEISLER, M.D., Professor of Anatomy in the Medico-Chirurgical College of Philadelphia. With 366 illustra-tions, of which 225 are coloured. London and Phil-

adelphia : J. B. Lippincott Company. 1912. Pp. 790.Price 21s. net.

THIS work gives in one volume a full and fully illustratedaccount of the dissection of the entire body. It is doubtfulif it is the wisest policy to issue a dissecting manual in asingle volume, for it is necessary that the one book should

be in constant use in the dissecting-room throughout the-whole course of practical anatomy. The illustrations are-

all by Mr. E. F. Faber, and some are already familiar as.figures in Piersol’s Anatomy; some, however, are drawn

especially for this volume. Mr. Faber’s work is admirable,but in some instances the colour printing has hardly donehim justice, for many of the figures show a bad overlap ofcolour. It would seem a mistake to colour the vas in

Fig. 300 exactly like the veins, and so give the appear-ance of an anastomosis between the two structures. Some

slight criticism must also be made concerning the indexlines to the illustrations ; Fig. 41, "ant. circumflex vein,"is an instance. It is possible that individual copies varysomewhat, but in the one submitted for review this line

appears to end on the brachial artery, and no vein seems tobe indicated at this spot.

It was rather a surprise to us to see that a new work

published in America did not embrace the B.N.A. termino-logy in its entirety, but the author’s reasons for this are givenclearly in his preface, and with these reasons we are in

perfect accord. One piece of terminology has attracted ourattention. The prominence over the joint between the

249

manubrium and gladiolus of the sternum is named through-out as the angle of Lewis. The best warranted eponymousterm for this angle seems to be the angulus Ludovici, whichis usually anglicised as the angle of Louis, or occasionallyby confusion the angle of Ludwig. We do not know to whatanatomist named Lewis the author ascribes this term.

The book is well and carefully written, and many classicalmistakes are avoided; we think, however, that the popu-

larity of the book will be handicapped by the fact that

several of the old strained positions are still retained for

- dissecting. With formalin as our stock preservative, it hasseemed useless to continue the lithotomy position which ishere advocated ; the damage done to the hardened tissues istoo great a price to pay for the retention of what is after

all merely a traditional piece of surgical anatomy.

Preventable Cancer. A Statistical Research by ROLLORUSSELL. London, New York, Bombay, and Calcutta :Longmans, Green, and Co. 1912. Pp. 167. Price4s. 6d. net.

THE subject of the cause of cancer has an immensefascination for many, both of the medical profession andothers. Mr. Rollo Russell some time ago wrote a book

on the " Reduction of Cancer," and in the presentvolume he has put together many facts bearing on the

question of the cause of malignant disease, supportinghis opinion by statistics, which he has collected from a

very wide area. The statistics relate to the distribu-

tion of cancer geographically, to the increase of cancer

during recent years, and to its occurrence in various

occuDations and trades. Mr. Russell has arrived at the

following conclusions. Cancer shows a graduated increasfrom extreme rarity to great frequency, according to th

habits of nations, races, and tribes. Apart from exceptionacustoms, it scarcely exists among peoples and in districts antcountries where the diet is natural, cool, and frugal, withouirritating or stimulant adjuncts. The use of water as the

staple drink is of effect in immunity. The increase of recen

years corresponds with the regular and very large increase irthe consumption of stimulant meats and drinks, of hot foodsand drinks, and with the increased consumption of adjunct.of many sorts, including unwholesome forms of sugar,

pickles, drugs, and preservatives. The author has evidentlytaken a great deal of trouble in preparing this little book.He has succeeded in showing, what has been shown so oftenbefore, that local irritation is an important factor in the

production of cancer.

Handbuch der Vergleic!i.enden Physiologie. Von HANS- WINTERSTEIN in Rostock. Lieferung 25. Band I.Zweite Hälfte. Bogen 11-20. Pp. 161-320. Price 5 marks.-Lieferung 26. Band III. Erste Price5 marks.-Lieferung 26. Band III. Erste Hälite.

Bogen 11-20. Pp. 161-320. Price 5 marks.-Lieferung27. Band III. Erste Halfte. Bogen 21-30. Pp. 321-484. Price 5 marks.-Lieferung 28. Band IV. Bogen53-61. Pp. 841-976. Price 5 marks. Jena: G. Fischer.1912.

IN the 25th Lieferung the editor, Professor Winter-

stein, continues his account of the Physico-chemicalPhenomena of Respiration, in which those who wish for

data collected from all the available sources will find

what they seek. The remainder of the text is devoted tothe Mechanics and Innervation of Respiration, which is

- entrusted to E. Babák, of Prague. The author, however,deals only with the subject from protozoa to the holothurids,so that students of respiration in the higher groups mustwait for the continuation of the author’s compilation.

In the 26th Lieferung R. du Bois-Reymond continues hisaccount of the Physiology of Movement (see THE LANCET,March 2nd, 1912, p. 587). It is particularly interesting, asthe author brings together an immense number of facts

which an investigator would not readily find. The latter

half of this part is devoted to the Production of Noises

and Tones, by 0. Weiss. No wonder the author refers to

the impossibility of including all the observations. He

begins with noises and notes produced by the arthropoda,and then deals with similar phenomena amongst the

vertebrata. When Professor Weiss finishes his subject, twopages are left, and on the first of these Professor Biedermann,of Jena, begins a masterly and exhaustive contribution onthe Physiology of the Supporting and Skeletal Substances,which occupies the whole of the 27th part. Even at the endof this part the author still finds himself dealing with theprotozoa. This may give some idea of the thoroughness andcompleteness aimed at by the author.The whole of the 28th Lieferung is assigned to Hearing

and the Sense of Equilibrium, by E. Mangold, of Freiburgi. Br., who gives an admirable account of a difficult subject,requiring on the part of the reader a wide knowledgeespecially of invertebrate zoology. We find much to com-mend in the grouping of the extraordinary range of factswhich the author has accumulated, the largest number ofwhich has reference to the invertebrates. These functionsin vertebrates are treated less fully.

Surgery of Defornrities of the Face. By JOHN B. ROBERTS,A.M., M.D., Professor of Surgery in the PhiladelphiaPolyclinic, Surgeon to the Methodist Hospital, &c.Illustrated with 273 figures. London : Bailliere, Tindall,and Cox. 1912. Pp. 273. Price 12s. 6d net.

SOME 12 years ago, when Dr. J. B. Roberts was appointedby the College of Physicians of Philadelphia to deliver theMutter lectures, he took as his subject the plastic surgery ofthe face, and this book had its origin in those lectures.

Although several excellent treatises on plastic surgery have .

appeared, there is still a marked tendency to underrate thisimportant branch of surgery. The author of this work has

written a very useful guide to the treatment of the de-

formities of the face, whether they are congenital in originor have resulted from injury or disease. He has introducedthe subject by a careful study of the face, for the surgeonwho would become skilled in the plastic surgery of the facemust first of all know the minute details of the face onwhich expression depends. Unless attention is paid to

these details a certain degree of failure is always liableto follow attempts to rectify a deformity. The generalprinciples of plastic surgery are explained, and then in turnthe author takes the various lesions of the face and showslow they may be treated. A chapter on cleft palate isncluded. We are inclined to speak favourably of a practicallook.

Pathology of the Eye. By P. H. ADAMS, M.A., M.B., D.O.Oxon., F.R.C.S. Eng., Consulting Ophthalmic Surgeon tothe Radcliffe Infirmary, Surgeon to Oxford Eye Hospital.London : Henry Frowde, Oxford University Press, andHodder and Stoughton. 1912. Pp. 194. Price 5s. net.

THIS book is a bold attempt to compress an account of thepathology of the eye, including bacteriology and practicalmethods, into 188 small pages of large print, the bolder inthat many of the pages are almost completely occupiedby illustrations. It cannot be said that Mr. Adams has

succeeded. There are many lacunæ, much scrappy in-

formation, and some insistence upon views not generallyaccepted. For the most part, however, the information

given is trustworthy, and the faults are chiefly faults ofomission. A preliminary chapter deals with practicalmethods of embedding, and so on. (We do not agree withputting the bisected eye, after washing from formalin, into70 per cent. alcohol.) The usual anatomical divisions are

followed in the next eight chapters. Then come glaucoma,general diseases affecting the eye, and bacteriology. There

250

are many references to recent work. Thus ThomsonHenderson and Arthur Thomson’s theories of glaucoma arediscussed. The author pins his faith to the latter, thoughwe think that many ophthalmologists will not agree with him.Further, the relatively large space devoted to Henderson’sviews might have been better employed in an elementarybook for students, who will be unable to appreciate thedifficulties of his theory without a previous discussion ofthe physiology of the intraocular pressure, and that wehave been unable to find. The illustrations are from

original photographs and are good.

Allqemeine Biologie. Von OSCAR HERTWIG, Direktor desAnatomisch - Biologischen Instituts der UniversitatBerlin. Vierte umgearbeitete und erweiterte Auflage.Mit 478 teilsfarbigen Abbildungen im Text. Jena :Gustav Fischer. 1912. Pp. 787. Price, paper, 19.50marks ; bound, 22 marks. iONLY three years have elapsed since the third edition of

this work was published. This, the fourth, has under-

gone considerable changes. The text has been here and

there curtailed, but over 60 pages have been added, whilethe number of illustrations has been increased from 435 to

478. In order to bring the text up to date certain chaptershave been expanded, such as those on the action of the &bgr;and v rays on ova and spermatozoa ; and those on the

survival of tissues, and on the in vitro methods used,more especially by American investigators, to keepalive tissues removed from the body. The new facts

about chondriosomes, dimorphism of spermatozoa, hetero-chromosomes, hormones, and secondary sexual charactersand the doctrine of heredity have all been added to. Other-

wise the general arrangement is the same.The classification of the book as a whole is simple. The

first part deals with the cell as an independent organism,and runs to about 450 pages ; while the second part, the cellin union with other cells, occupies the rest of the volume.In connexion with the newer facts regarding the structureof the cell protoplasm, we would draw attention to the fullaccount of those small, well-defined granules or shorter orlarger thread-like bodies described;by Benda and Meves inboth animal and vegetable cells known as ’’ chondriosomes

"

and" mitochondrian. " Exactly in this direction greatadvances have been made recently. Moreover, the notes onthis subject-as on all the other subjects set forth in thiswork-are illustrated by clear, well-printed illustrations inthe text. In fact, the high quality of the illustrations isa striking feature throughout.

Histology and function, growth and repair, are consideredtogether, so that we obtain a true biological conception ofcell life and not merely a treatise on cytology, which is aptto become a rather sterile pursuit when treated solelyfrom the morphological aspect. We do not find anymaterial changes in the chapters on excitability andstimuli. The whole question of the development and themechanism of division of cells is obviously expoundedcon ccvaore, and, be it added, from an overflowing knowledgeof those recondite processes as they occur in both plant andanimal cells. About 80 pages are occupied with this subjectalone, and nearly 100 pages are assigned to the phenomenaof impregnation and fertilisation of cells, ranging throughall classes of animals and plants. Parthenogenesis-bothnatural and artificial-is fully described, while due attentionis given to Loeb’s experiments on this and allied subjects.At the end of the first part the literature relative to each

chapter is given seriatim and amounts to 20 pages of closelyprinted matter, and the same arrangement is adopted forPart II. (about 18 pages).The second part is perhaps more interesting than the first,

because there enters the question of the interaction of cells

and all that this foreshadows. If the reader will turn to theexcellent exposition of Weismann’s germ plasm theory andto the chapters on the theory of biogenesis, he will find anadmirable exposition of these abstruse subjects. Manyilluminating pages are devoted to the external factors con-cerned in organic development " ; in fact, the author out ofthe fulness of his knowledge makes us feel how few reallyknow much about the subject. With equal facility he dis-courses on the inner or internal factors of organic development. We can merely refer to the thoroughness displayedin dealing with the facts, theories, and doctrines that sur-round the question of heredity, and the other score of

questions that are treated in the remainder of the volume.’

We offer to the author our thanks for the manner in which

he has marshalled and expounded that immense-shall wesay" kolossal "?-array of facts which for the present goes tomake up what is called "general biology," a department of"natural science" to which he himself and his forebearsmade very material and extensive contributions.

Einführung in die Physiologie, Pathologie, iind Hygiene dermercschlichen Stimme. Von Dr. ERNST BARTH. Mit 260

Abbildungen und 2 farbigen Tafeln. Leipzig: GeorgThieme. Pp. 507. Price 15 marks.

THIS work, as its title would suggest, is divided into threeparts. The first 317 pages are devoted to the physiology ofthe voice, and constitute, perhaps, the more important part.By way of illustrating the thorough and exhaustive nature ofthis section, it may be mentioned that not only the anatomyof the larynx is described, but that of the organ of hearing isalso dealt with. The second part is given up to the patho-logy of the voice, and in about 124 pages one finds whatis essentially a treatise on diseases of the larynx. The

remaining 60 pages cover the hygiene of the voice, whichincludes the physiological importance of athletics upon thevoice.

The book throughout is profusely illustrated, and containsa good index, which adds to its value as a work of reference.It is not only a demonstration of the affections of the

voice, but also a treatise on the scientific investigation andtreatment of the same. Although there has been no dearthof publications on this subject, those interested in it can

undoubtedly turn to Dr. Ernst Barth’s treatise with

advantage.

The 1’reatment of S’hort Sight. By Professor Dr. J. HIRSCH-BERG, Geheimmedicinalrath in Berlin. Translated byG. LINDSAY JOHNSON, 1VLD. Cantab., F.R.C.S. Eng.With 12 illustrations. London : Rebman, Limited.1912. Pp. 123. Price 5s. net.

THIS brochure is an essay on short sight founded upon alecture delivered in Berlin at the request of Professor von

Leyden. It is a very sound presentation of the subject,characterised by scintillations of Professor Hirschberg’sarchaeological and philological erudition, and permeatedthroughout by his forceful personality.The essay begins with Galen and ends with Hirschberg,

and in the 120 pages everything pertaining to myopia-history, optics, pathology, treatment-seem to be com-

pressed. The style is stimulating, if at times irritating ; but even where most dogmatic or most uncompromisinglycritical of the teaching and treatment of other

ophthalmologists there is generally sound wisdom at the

foundation. Indeed, Professor Hirschberg’s teaching is

orthodox to a degree, and his strictures and sarcasms arepoured out upon the ill-judged methods of enthusiasts. Thus,most surgeons will agree that in myopic detachment of theretina I I the facts speak loud and clearly, the theories aredebatable, the treatment risky, the cure rare." The author

discusses the treatment of high myopia by extraction of the

251

lens in a manner which will commend itself to those of a

judicial mind. His opposition to the operation appears to haveincreased with increasing experience. He says "From theclose of 1893 to the commencement of 1901, I have relieved24 persons in all from high myopia " by this method ; and headds in a note : I I Since then none 1 The more bad results

I met with among the operations of my colleagues, the moredid my hesitation increase.

"

But these are debatable points, and most of the essaydeals with straightforward facts. The descriptions of thecauses of short sight, the damage done to various parts ofthe eye, preventive measures, and so on, are quite admirable,and the amount of useful information conveyed in a

short space is truly remarkable. Readers will be in-

structed and at the same time entertained by a perusal ofthe book. The translator, the printer, and the publisherhave done their parts well.

Handbuch der Sernmtherapie und Serumdiagnostik in derVeterinär-Medizin. Herausgegeben von Dr. M. KLIMMER,Ord. Professor, Direktor des hygienischen Instituts undder Seuchenversuchsanstalt an der tierarztlichen Hoch-schule in Dresden ; und Dr. A. WOLFF-EISNER, Arzt fiirinnere Krankheiten und Vorsteher der bakteriologischenAbteilung des stadtischen allegemeinen KrankenhausesFriedrichshain-Berlin. Band II. vom Handbuch der

Serumtherapie. Leipzig : Dr. Werner Klinkhardt. 1912.Pp. 500. Price, paper, 18 marks ; bound, 20 marks.IN this text-book, edited and partly written by the above-

named authors, assisted by 20 collaborators, three full-pageplates illustrate respectively the eye reactions in a tuber-culous cow and a glandered horse, and the local reaction ina glandered horse from subcutaneous mallein injection.As is usual in German publications of the nature under

notice, protective and curative inoculations against hogcholera, swine fever, and swine erysipelas receive full con-sideration, and they occupy the position of precedence inthis book. Writing from a general point of view, it may bestated that the inoculations, both preventive and curative,seem to be much more successful in the case of swine

erysipelas than in those of the other two diseases. Inocula-erysipelas than in those of the other two diseases. lnocula-

tions against anthrax and symptomatic anthrax (blackquarter) are discussed in 20 pages of the text. The chapteron protective and curative inoculation against foot-and-mouth disease does not seem very practical to us, and nonotice appears to have been taken of Dr. Siegler’s recentlyreported discovery.

In testing cattle with tuberculin the temperature is to

be taken, according to the author, every two hours from ’the sixth to the twenty-second hour until the ’’ critical"temperature is reached, and in animals where the tem-

perature reaction is delayed and the ’’ critical" " tempera- 1ture not yet reached observation must be conducted until ithe latter occurs or a decline of temperature is evident. 1

The trials with I - abortin undertaken by the English aAbortion Commission are given in detail, but apparently, ’.notwithstanding the favourable view of the results given, ano further investigation has been undertaken in German circles. The serum and vaccine treatment of streptococcic diseases, inoculations against calf diseases, the serum treat- ment of fowl cholera, and the protective and curative t

inoculation against distemper of the dog are next considered. c

With regard to the last-named disease, although vaccines iand sera seem to have been employed in plenty againstit, most scientists declare unfavourably concerning them, as, t

indeed, one would expect, considering that the organism of r

distemper has not yet been widely identified even if fdiscovered. Tetanus antitoxin in stables infected with the t

organism seems to have given good results by its use, t

especially when combined with disinfection. The use of b

mallein in glanders is fully dealt with, but although the h

, names of Hunting and McFadyean appear once in the list ofliterature at the end of the chapter, no reference is made toHunting’s standard work on ’’ Glanders," which may be dueto the fact that the book has not yet been translated intoGerman.There is a chapter on pyozyanase and its use. It has been

used beneficially in spray form and as an intravenous andintraperitoneal injection. In surgery, midwifery, diseases ofthe ear, eye, and skin, in dentistry, in diphtheria, stranglesof the horse, and distemper of the dog, the results from itsapplication have been good. Agglutination and precipitation,fixation of the complement, and anaphylaxia and anaphylactic shock are thoroughly considered in Chapters XXIX.,XXX., and XXXI. The rat and mouse exterminator wilt

find a wealth of condensed information as to the destructionof these pests by the latest scientific methods within thepages of this book.The whole volume is a valuable literary mine of instruction

as to the origin and preparation of animal products, andtheir therapeutical and diagnostic use on animals. The-

organisms of distemper (N. S. Ferry), of foot-and-mouthdisease (Dr. Siegler), and of Johne’s disease (Twort andIngram) may have been discovered almost simultaneouslywith the production of this work, and further valuableinformation may be expected.

LIBRARY TABLE.

The Land that is Desolate. By Sir FREDERICK TREVES,Bart., G.C.V.O. London: Smith, Elder, and Co. 1912.

Pp. 287. Price 9sw. net.-The "Land that is Desolate isthe Holy Land, a land about which more has been written,and to which more pilgrims have turned their steps, thanto any other place in the world. Sir Frederick Treves is

already well known as the author of other books of travel,such, for instance, as " The Cradle of the Deep," a bookdealing with the West Indies. In that country he evidentlyenjoyed himself, but in the book now before us there aretraces of disillusion. And disillusion is, we fear, the lot ofeveryone who now goes to the Holy Places. The hand of

the spoiler lies heavy on the land, centuries of pilgrimagehave vulgarised, for at least two great religions, the mostsacred sites in the world ; and finally, be it said with regret,nowhere else has the seamless robe of Christ been torn into

more fragments. Moreover, the faith or credulity of earlydays is wanting in these times. Even the inexpressiblecharm of the East seems to have escaped Sir FrederickTreves in great part, and the filth, the squalor, the beggars,and the general nakedness of the land appear to have

entirely obscured for the writer the attraction of the light,the colour, the transparent atmosphere, and the curiousfascination of an olive grove. The portions of thebook which appeal to us most are the chapter upon theJordan and the Dead Sea and those dealing with Damascus.The river and the lake naturally figure largely in allaccounts of pilgrimages to the Holy Land, and SirFrederick Treves will be interested, if he has not doneso already, to compare his own impressions with those ofFabri, who visited the Holy Land about 1483. Both travellerstried the water of the Dead Sea, but with a somewhatdifferent experience. Sir Frederick Treves found the waterin bathing " warm and very clear, but it felt oily or soapy...... the taste of the water was merely salt ...... for sometime after I had left the lake there was a sensation as if a

mustard plaster had been applied to the shaven part of one’sface." " Now let us hear Fabri, who was not so daring as tobathe : I I Whoever partakes of this water and places some inbis mouth, at once finds the inside of his mouth corrodedby reason of the excessive saltness, as if he had taken veryMt water, this I myself experienced."

" Again : ’’ He who