RF Master Protek A434 User's Manual.pdf

RF Master 4GHz

Users Manual

Copyright 2007 GS Instruments Co., Ltd

Protek A434 RF Master

Users Manual Rev 1.2

Safety Precautions Safety Symbols

WARNING. Warning indicates attention to a procedure, which if not correctly preformed,

could result in a personal injury.

CAUTION. Caution indicates attention to a procedure, which if not correctly performed,

could result in instrument damage. !

Note. Note is provided for users convenience, it is a symbol to inform users with

additional information or useful tips.

Safety Precautions When using the AC adapter, only connect the plug to a properly grounded receptacle.

Serious injury or death can occur if grounding is not properly installed.

Always use the AC adapter supplied with the instrument, the manufacturer doesnt

assume any responsibility for incidents caused by using other power supplies. !

Disassembly of the electric parts inside or outside of the instrument may cause instrument

damage. The manufacturer doesnt take any repair responsibility for the damage or

malfunction of the instrument caused by an unauthorized disassembly even in the

warranty period.

!

Do not apply RF power exceeding +25dBm to the RF Input/Output port of the instrument.

Exceeding the maximum input will damage the instrument. !

! To avoid damage to the display or the case, do not use solvents or abrasive cleaners.

Power Supply The allowable line input voltage is AC 110V to 250V. There is no need to select the input line

voltage. No separate safety fuse is provided with the instrument.

2



Specification

Regulated Input 100 ~ 250V AC, 50 ~ 60 Hz AC Adaptor

Regulated Output 15VDC, 3.3A (49.5W)

Instrument Power Consumption 15VDC, 1.2A (18W) Max

Table 1.2.1 Power Supply

Incorrect connection of the internal Li-Ion battery may cause explosion. Use only the same

or compatible type of battery supplied by the manufacturer. Dispose the battery according

to the safety guide.

3



Table of Contents

1. GENERAL OVERVIEW ...................................................................................................................... 7

1.1 ITEMS SUPPLIED .............................................................................................................................. 7 1.2 KEY MEASUREMENTS....................................................................................................................... 7 1.3 FEATURES ....................................................................................................................................... 8 1.4 THE LAYOUT OF THE PROTEK A434.................................................................................................. 8 1.5 INPUT/OUTPUT PORTS.................................................................................................................... 10 1.6 ACCESSORIES................................................................................................................................ 10

2. GETTING STARTED ........................................................................................................................ 12

2.1 POWER UP .................................................................................................................................... 12 2.1.1 Initialization ......................................................................................................................... 12 2.1.2 System Information............................................................................................................. 12 2.1.3 User Keys............................................................................................................................. 13

2.2 HARD KEYS LAYOUT ...................................................................................................................... 14 2.3 LAYOUT OF THE DISPLAY SCREEN .................................................................................................. 16 2.4 FUNCTION HARD KEYS STRUCTURE................................................................................................ 17

2.4.1 System Screen Menu .......................................................................................................... 17 2.4.2 Common Menu .................................................................................................................... 18 2.4.3 VSWR Menu ......................................................................................................................... 19 2.4.4 DTF Menu ............................................................................................................................. 20 2.4.5 Cable Loss Menu................................................................................................................. 21 2.4.6 Power Meter Menu .............................................................................................................. 22

2.5 SYSTEM KEY.................................................................................................................................. 23 2.5.1. Firmware Upgrade.............................................................................................................. 24 2.5.2 Language Selection ............................................................................................................ 25 2.5.3 System Clock....................................................................................................................... 25

2.6 MULTI KEYS................................................................................................................................... 26 2.6.1 Numeric Data Entry............................................................................................................. 26 2.6.2 Specific Function Keys....................................................................................................... 26

3. VSWR................................................................................................................................................ 33

3.1 OVERVIEW ..................................................................................................................................... 33 3.2 STARTING VSWR MEASUREMENT .................................................................................................. 33

3.2.1 VSWR Display Description................................................................................................. 33 3.2.2 Setting Frequency............................................................................................................... 35

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3.3 CALIBRATION................................................................................................................................. 36 3.4 VSWR MEASUREMENT .................................................................................................................. 38

3.4.1 Setting Trace Point ............................................................................................................. 39 3.4.2 Scale Adjustment ................................................................................................................ 39 3.4.3 Using Markers ..................................................................................................................... 39 3.4.4 Limit Line ............................................................................................................................. 40

4. DTF.................................................................................................................................................... 41

4.1 DTF MEASUREMENT OVERVIEW ..................................................................................................... 41 4.2 STARTING DTF MEASUREMENT ...................................................................................................... 41

4.2.1 DTF Display Description..................................................................................................... 41 4.2.2 DTF Setup ............................................................................................................................ 42

4.3 CALIBRATION................................................................................................................................. 44 4.4 DTF MEASUREMENT ...................................................................................................................... 45

4.4.1 Scale Adjustment ................................................................................................................ 47 4.4.2 Using Markers ..................................................................................................................... 47 4.4.3 Windowing ........................................................................................................................... 47

5. CABLE LOSS ................................................................................................................................... 49

5.1 OVERVIEW ..................................................................................................................................... 49 5.2 CABLE LOSS MEASUREMENT ......................................................................................................... 49

5.2.1 Cable Loss Display Description ........................................................................................ 49 5.2.2 Setting Frequency............................................................................................................... 50

5.3 CALIBRATION................................................................................................................................. 51 5.4 CABLE LOSS MEASUREMENT ......................................................................................................... 53

5.4.1 Scale Adjustment ................................................................................................................ 54 5.4.2 Using Markers ..................................................................................................................... 54

6. POWER METER ............................................................................................................................... 55

6.1 CONNECTING SENSORS.................................................................................................................. 55 6.2 SETTING POWER METER ................................................................................................................ 56 6.3 POWER MEASUREMENT.................................................................................................................. 57

7. SAVE & LOAD.................................................................................................................................. 59

7.1 SAVE ............................................................................................................................................. 59 7.1.1 Save Current........................................................................................................................ 59 7.1.2 Save Trace ........................................................................................................................... 60 7.1.3 Save Screen......................................................................................................................... 61 7.1.4 Save Setup........................................................................................................................... 61

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7.2 LOAD............................................................................................................................................. 62 7.2.1 Load Trace ........................................................................................................................... 62 7.2.2 Using Markers on the Loaded Trace ................................................................................. 65 7.2.3 Load Screen......................................................................................................................... 66 7.2.4 Memory Type ....................................................................................................................... 66

8. APPLICATION SOFTWARE ............................................................................................................ 67

8.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... 67 8.2 INSTALLATION OF THE APPLICATION SOFTWARE ............................................................................. 68 8.3 STARTING THE APPLICATION SOFTWARE ........................................................................................ 69

8.3.1 Connection .......................................................................................................................... 69 8.3.2 Layout of the Display Screen............................................................................................. 70 8.3.3 Menu Structure.................................................................................................................... 72 8.3.4 Description of Menu............................................................................................................ 72

APPENDIX A. BAND LIST ................................................................................................................... 82

APPENDIX B. CABLE LIST ................................................................................................................. 88

APPENDIX C. SPECIFICATION........................................................................................................... 90

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1. General Overview A large number of cell site problems are caused by the antenna system, cable, or connectors. It

is important to have the right instrument available when either servicing or certifying cell sites for

operation.

The Protek A434 Cable and Antenna Analyzer is a lightweight portable diagnostic tool for an

accurate detection of operational problems. The Protek A434 has all the measurement

functions necessary to accurately verify the antenna system from VSWR to power

measurements. In addition, the Protek A434 makes distance-to-fault measurements to

accurately pinpoint the fault's location.

The Protek A434 user interface is with a front keypad and a TFT color, 7-inch display providing

ease of use and control. The application specific software allows the user to easily compare

and analyze measurements and generate comprehensive reports. The Protek A434 is

equipped with a rechargeable and infield installable lithium-ion battery providing over three hours

of operation.

1.1 Items Supplied z Protek A434, 4GHz Cable and Antenna Analyzer z Soft Carrying Case z AC-DC Adapter z Serial Interface Cable z 128MByte USB Memory z DC Car Adapter z Users Manual z Quick Reference Guide z Application Software (CD ROM)

1.2 Key Measurements z High resolution VSWR Measurements z Distance to Fault (DTF) Measurements z Cable Loss Measurements z RMS/Peak Power Measurements (optional)

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1.3 Features z Rechargeable and infield replaceable lithium-ion battery z A portable lightweight instrument 90 cables characteristics z User friendly menu structure z Saves up to 20 user setups z Saves up to 400 measurement traces z Saves up to 100 measurement screens z Alphanumeric labeling of saved data z Automatic Time/Date stamp of saved data z 6 markers z RS-232 interface z USB Port (USB 2.0) z Remote firmware upgrade capability z Fast one-touch selection of menu item or positioning marker

1.4 The Layout of the Protek A434

Figure 1.4.1 Upper View

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Figure 1.4.2 Front View

Figure 1.4.3 Rear View

9



1.5 Input/Output Ports All Input/Output ports of the Protek A434 are located on the upside of the instrument as shown in

Figure 1.2.4.

Figure 1.2.4 Protek A434 Upper Side

1. DC15V IN. External DC input port

2. RF IN. 50ohm N-type RF Connector, maximum allowable input is +25dBm

3. LAN. Ethernet port

4. USB. USB Memory Stick port, used for either saving measurement data or upgrading the

instruments firmware

5. RS-232C. D-sub serial interface port to connect a PC with the application software or an

optional external power sensor

1.6 Accessories Description Picture Specification

Soft Carrying Case

(Part No: GC724-50541)

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Description Picture Specification

AC-DC Adapter

(Part No: GC724-

50522 )

Input: 100 ~ 250V AC,

1.2A

Output: 15V, 3.3A DC

Serial Interface Cable

(Part No: GC724-

50514 )

RS-232 Straight Cable

USB Memory

(Part No: GC724-

50513 )

128MByte, USB2.0

DC Car Adapter

(Part No: GC724-

50523 )

Li-ion Battery

(Part No: GC724-

50521)

LI201SX

Output: DC11.1V,

4800mAh

11



2. Getting Started 2.1 Power Up 2.1.1 Initialization The initialization screen (Figure 2.1.1) appears when the instrument is started with the indication

System Initialization. After a successful initialization, data loading and self test, the VSWR

measurement screen appears.

Figure 2.1.1 Initialization Screen

2.1.2 System Information Before using the instrument, verify the firmwares version and status of the instrument.

z Firmware version: For the instruments best performance, make sure the latest version of firmware has been installed. Information about the latest firmware can be located at

www.gsinstrument.com

z Verify the system temperature is within the instrument operating range. Depending on the storage condition, the temperature of the instrument at power up may be out of normal

operating range in winter or summer season. Measurements over the operating

temperature range may be out of resolution.

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Figure 2.1.2 System Screen

2.1.3 User Keys z Hard Keys

The six hard keys are located at the left of the display. The function of each key is indicated

on each key. Depending on the selection of Hard Keys, the functions shown in the screen

menu may vary.

z Soft Keys The six keys at the right of the display are the Soft Keys. Each Soft Key has a function which

varies depending on the operation mode. The function of each key is displayed at the right

side of the display as a screen menu. As the LCD is touch-screen, the function can be

selected by touching the screen menu.

z Multi Key The Multi Keys are at the bottom side of the display. The Multi Keys are used for value entry

or opening screen menus with specified functions. Certain keys perform functions without

opening screen menus.

z Power Key The Power Key is used to turn the instrument on and off. To power on, press the power key

for about 2 seconds. To power off, just press the power key.

z Dial Knob and Cursor Key The Dial Knob and Cursor Key moves an active marker or a highlighted selection bar in the

list.

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2.2 Hard Keys Layout

Figure 2.2.1 Protek A434 Front Key Layout

1. Function Hard Keys

The Hard Keys perform the function uniquely assigned to each key.

z VSWR: Activates the VSWR measurement mode. z DTF: Activates DTF measurement mode. z Cable Loss: Activates Cable Loss measurement mode. z Power Meter: Activates RF Power measurement mode. An optional power sensor must be

connected to the instrument before using this function.

z System: Opens the system screen menu. z CAL: Opens the calibration screen menu.

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2. Soft Keys

Select the screen menu displayed at the right side of the screen. The menu shown on the display

varies depending on the selection of Hard Keys or Multi Keys.

3. Power Key

A red LED indicates an external power supply is connected and a green LED indicates the

instrument is turned on. There is no LED indication when the instrument is powered by the

internal battery.

4. Multi Keys

Enter values printed on the keys when a value input pop-up window is prompted on the screen.

Open a menu linked with the functions in blue or directly perform the specified function.

5. ESC

Stops an active function and backs up one menu level or exits data entry without changing the

value.

6. ENTER

Selects the highlighted item in the list or exits data entry, changing the value for test parameters.

7. Knob, Arrow Keys

Move a maker position or a highlighted selection bar on the table list.

z Knob: Scrolls a marker position or highlighted selection bar. z Arrow Key: Moves a marker position or highlighted selection bar one point at a time.

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2.3 Layout of the Display Screen

Figure 2.3.1 Display Screen

z Battery Gauge: Indicates the status of the internal battery 9 Indicates the instrument is using an external power supply. The internal battery

is charged when an external power supply is connected.

9 Indicates the instrument is using the internal battery and shows the remaining battery capacity.

9 Battery Not Connected!: This warning message appears when a battery is not installed in the instrument.

z Measurement Mode: Indicates a current measurement mode. The selected mode is displayed in dark blue.

z Date and Time: Indicates the system clock information. z Screen menu set: Indicates the set of screen menu selections. z Screen menu: Indicates the selectable screen menu. Selection of the menu can be made

by pressing the soft key or touching the screen menu directly.

z Trace Information 9 Calibration On/Off Status 9 Calibration Information: Calibrated frequency band and timing 9 Trace Points 9 Y Scale Unit 9 Trace Average (applicable to VSWR and Cable Loss measurement mode only)

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9 Span 9 Band Name 9 Cable Name (applicable to DTF measurement mode only) 9 Max D: Maximum measurement distance limited by user frequency setting 9 VT (Relative Propagation Velocity), CL (Cable Loss) applicable to DTF

measurement mode only

z Message window: Displays the result of performed functions or error messages

2.4 Function Hard Keys Structure Function hard keys on the front panel of the instrument are used to select measurement modes or

perform specified functions. Refer to the following sections for the key structure to be used in each

measurement modes.

2.4.1 System Screen Menu System screen menu is used to change the basic settings of the instrument and consists of sub-

menus as shown in Table 2.4.1.

Function Key Screen Menu(1st Layer) Screen Menu(2nd Layer) Upgrade

English Language

Chinese

Year

Month

Day

Hour

Minute

Time/Date

Second

On Beep

Off

Sleep Time

Continue

SYSTEM

Sweep Mode

Single

Table 2.4.1 Menu Structure in system mode

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2.4.2 Common Menu The menu structure is common to all the measurement modes except to the Power Meter mode,

shown in Table 2.4.2. Refer to section 2.4.6 for screen menus applicable to the Power Meter mode.

Screen Menu Function Key Multi Key

1st Layer 2nd Layer 3rd Layer

Open Short

CAL

Load

Max(Top) Min(Bottom) Limit On/Off

Amplitude

Limit Level

Auto Scale

Select CH1/ CH2/ CH3/

CH4/ CH5/ CH6

Marker View On/ Off All Off Draw Type 4CH/ 6CH Marker Table On/ Off

Marker

Marker Edit Select CH1/ CH2/ CH3/

Ch4

Capture View ON/ OFF Info ON/ OFF Clear CH

Trace

Clear All Next Peak Right Next peak Left Max Search

Peak

Min Search Top of List Page Up

Page Down

VSWR

DTF

Cable Loss

Load Load Trace

Bottom of List

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Delete

Delete All

Top of List Page Up

Page Down

Bottom of List

Delete

Load Screen

Delete All

Top of List Page Up

Page Down

Bottom of List

Delete

Load Setup

Delete All

Memory Type Internal/ USB

Memory Type Save Current

File Name

Memory Type Save Trace CH1/ Ch2/ CH3/

CH4 File Name

Memory Type Save Screen File Name Memory Type

Save

Save Setup

File Name Light

2.4.2 Menu Structure Common to all measurement modes

2.4.3 VSWR Menu The menu structure of the VSWR hard function key and multi keys in VSWR measurement mode is

shown in Table 2.4.3.



Center VSWR Freq/DIST Start

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Stop Span

Top of List

Page Up

Page Down

Bottom of List

Standard

Add To Custom

Top of List

Page Up

Page Down

Bottom of List

Band

Custom

Delete Custom

126 251 501

Trace Point

1001 Scale VSWR/ R.L Table 2.4.3 Menu Structure Used for VSWR Measurement mode

2.4.4 DTF Menu The menu structure of the DTF hard function key and multi keys in DTF measurement mode is shown

in Table 2.4.4.



Start FREQ Stop FREQ Distance

Top of List

Page Up

Page Down

Bottom of List

Standard

Add To Custom

DTF Freq/DIST

Cable List

Custom Top of List

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Page Up

Page Down

Bottom of List

Delete Custom

Velocity Cable Loss

Setup

Unit Meter/Feet Window Meter/Feet

Scale VSWR/R.L

Table 2.4.4 Menu Structure Used for DTF Measurement Mode

2.4.5 Cable Loss Menu The menu structure of the Cable Loss hard function key and multi keys in Cable Loss measurement

mode are shown in Table 2.4.5.



Center Start Stop Span

Top of List

Page Up

Page Down

Bottom of List

Standard

Add To Custom

Top of List

Page Up

Page Down

Bottom of List

Freq/DIST

Band

Custom

Delete Custom

126

251

Cable Loss

Trace Point

501

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1001

Table 2.4.5 Menu Structure Used for Cable Loss Measurement Mode 2.4.6 Power Meter Menu The menu structure of the Power Meter hard function key and multi keys in Power Meter is shown in

Table 2.4.6.



Initialize Frequency

Ext. Offset dBm Unit Watts

POWER

METER

Preset Table 2.4.6 Menu Structure Used in Power Meter Measurement Mode

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2.5 System Key The System key enables users to verify the system information or change the instrument settings.

Selecting the System key opens the following information:

z Firmware Version z Device Version z Brightness of the display z Keypad beep On/Off setting z Sleep Mode setting: time to sleep mode z Battery remaining charge capacity z Selected language z System temperature

Figure 2.5.2 System Status Screen

The System key opens the following screen menu:

z Upgrade: Upgrades the firmware of the instrument. For detailed upgrade procedure, refer to the section 2.5.1 Firmware Upgrade.

z Language: Changes the language used to display the menu, messages and information on the screen display. For details, refer to 2.5.2 Language Setting.

z Time/Date: Sets the time of the system clock. z Beep: Activates or deactivates the beep sound when keys are pressed.

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z Sleep Time: Sets the time to enter into power saving mode. Power saving mode is automatically activated when no key entry occurs during the Sleep Time.

9 Sleep Time setting range: 1~200 minutes 9 Power saving mode is turned off when Sleep Time is set 0.

z Sweep Mode: Sets the sweep mode either single or continuous in VSWR, DTF, or Cable Loss measurements. If Sweep Mode is set Single, the message Hold On is displayed at the

completion of a current sweep and the sweep stops. Every time the Hold key is pressed, the

sweep is done once.

2.5.1. Firmware Upgrade It is recommended to upgrade the firmware to the latest version in order to achieve the best

performance of the instrument. Users can easily upgrade the firmware of the instrument by using an

USB memory drive. Refer to Table 2.5.1 for the detailed upgrade procedure.

Action Note

1. Check the firmware version Check the latest firmware at

GS Instrumentss website

www.gsinstrument.com

2. Download the firmware to an USB memory

drive

3. Turn on the instrument Connect the USB memory drive to the

instrument USB port after the system

initialization.

4. Press the SYSTEM key

5. Select the Upgrade screen menu A progress bar is displayed

Once the upgrade starts the progressing state is displayed on the screen. After successful

completion of the upgrade, the instrument is powered off and reboots automatically.

Table 2.5.1 Firmware Upgrade Procedure with USB memory drive

If the instruments power is down during the upgrading process, the instrument may not

perform in normal operation. Make sure the power is not interrupted during the upgrading

process.

!

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2.5.2 Language Selection The instrument supports multiple languages. Follow the language selection procedure in Table 2.5.2

to change the language settings.

Figure 2.5.3 Language Selection Screen

Action Note

1. Press the SYSTEM key Function hard key

2. Select the Language screen menu Soft key

3. Select the language by pressing the

Up/Down Arrow key

Hard key

4. Press the ENTER key Hard key

Table 2.5.2 Language Selection Procedure

Changing the language results the conversion of the menu, messages and information

displayed on the screen in selected language without restarting the instrument.

.

2.5.3 System Clock The instrument provides real time clock powered up by a separate internal battery to maintain the

timing information even when the battery is fully discharged or the system power is disconnected.

The default time setting at the factory is (GMT+9:00).

Action Note

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1. Press the SYSTEM key Function hard key

2. Select the Time/Date screen menu Soft key

3. Set Year/Month/Day/Hour/Minute/Second Selecting screen menu prompts a pop-up

window. Enter numbers, and press the

ENTER key.

Table 2.5.3 System Clock Setting

2.6 Multi Keys Twelve multi keys are located under the LCD display. The Multi keys serve multiple functions

depending on the operation mode. The dual purpose keys are indicated in black color and the

specific functions in blue color. The key is used to enter a numeric data when a user is prompted to

input values. In all the other cases, the keys are used to perform the specific function.

The function and operating procedure for each multi keys are described in the following sections.

Figure 2.6.1 Multi Keys Layout

2.6.1 Numeric Data Entry Multi keys operate as follows when a user is prompted to input values by pop-up window.

z Numeric keys from 0 to 9 are used to input user setting numbers. z The plus/minus (+/-) key is used to assign positive or negative numbers in the user settings. z The period key (.) is used to input numbers with decimal points.

2.6.2 Specific Function Keys Multi keys are used in VSWR, DTF, and Cable Loss measurement mode. Unless otherwise

specified, multi keys do not support Power Meter mode.

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1. Auto Scale

The instrument can automatically set the scale to the minimum and maximum values of a

measurement on the Y-axis of the graph for optimum display of the traces. Every time AUTO

SCALE key is pressed, the top and bottom scales are set to the minimum and maximum values with

margin on the Y-axis of the screen display.

2. Amp

AMP (amplitude) defines a manual setting for the scale on the Y-axis of the graph. It can be

selected in VSWR, DTF, and Cable Loss measurement mode. Depending on the choice of an

amplitude unit, allowable input value is limited to the following:

z In case Y scale is VSWR: 9 Max(Top): Setting value can be from 1.01 to 65.00 and it cannot be equal to or smaller

than the Min(Bottom) setting value. Adjustment can be made by steps of 0.01.

9 Min(Bottom): Setting value can be from 1.0 to 64.99 and it cannot be equal to or larger than the Max(Top) setting value. Adjustment can be made by steps of 0.01.

z In case Y Scale is Return Loss: 9 Max(Top): Setting value can be from 0.0 to 59.99dB and it cannot be equal to or smaller

than the Min(Bottom) setting value. Adjustment can be made by steps of 0.01.

9 Min(Bottom): Setting value can be from 0.01 to 60.00dB and it cannot be equal to or larger than the Max(Top) setting value. Adjustment can be made by steps of 0.01.

z Limit line: Turns On and Off the display of the limit line on the screen. 9 If a measurement exceeds the limit line, the trace above the limit line is displayed in red

color.

9 An audible beep sound is generated.

z Limit level: Sets the position of a limit line. Depending on the Y-scale of a graph, the input value is set automatically as none for VSWR or dB for Return Loss. The value of limit level is

displayed on the limit line.

The instrument takes the negative value of the Return Loss internally. Users dont

need to add minus (-) sign before typing in a value. Y-axis of a graph also doesnt

27



show minus sign. 3. Freq/Dist

Freq/DIST key causes different screen menu to be displayed depending on a measurement

mode. In VSWR or Cable Loss measurement modes it opens a frequency screen menu and in

DTF measurement mode it opens a distance screen menu.

z VSWR/ Cable Loss Measurement Mode 9 Center: Sets a center frequency of the measurement to be made. 9 Start: Sets a start frequency of the measurement to be made. 9 Stop: Sets a stop frequency of the measurement to be made. 9 Span: Sets a user-defined frequency span. 9 Band: Opens standard or custom frequency band registered in the instrument. Standard: Opens the world-wide standard Band List registered in the instrument.

- Top of List: Moves to the first page of the Band List. - Page Up: Moves to the previous page. - Page Down: Moves to the next page. - Bottom of List: Moves to the last page of the Band List. - Add to Custom: Copies a frequency band registered in the Standard Band List

to the Custom Band.

Custom: Opens the customized Band List registered in the instrument. - Top of List: Moves to the first page of the Band List. - Page Up: Moves to the previous page. - Page Down: Moves to the next page. - Bottom of List: Moves to the last page of the Band List. - Delete Custom: Deletes a frequency band from the Custom Band.

z DTF Measurement Mode 9 Start Frequency: Sets a starting frequency to measure DTF 9 Stop Frequency: Sets a stop frequency to measure DTF 9 Distance: Sets a distance to measure. The maximum measurable distance is 1250m

(4125ft).

9 Cable List: Opens a list of coaxial cables registered in the instrument. About forty kinds of cables are registered in the standard cable list. The user can register additional cables

to the instrument by using the application software program provided with the instrument.

Standard: Opens the Cable List registered in the instrument. - Top of List: Moves to the first page of the Cable List.

28



- Page Up: Moves to the previous page. - Page Down: Moves to the next page. - Bottom of List: Moves to the last page of the Cable List. - Add to Custom: Copies a cable registered in the Standard Cable List to the

Custom Cable List.

Custom: Opens a Custom Cable List registered in the instrument. - Top of List: Moves to the first page of the Cable List. - Page Up: Moves to the previous page. - Page Down: Moves to the next page. - Bottom of List: Moves to the last page of the Cable List. - Delete Custom: Deletes a cable registered in the Custom Cable List.

9 Window: Applies video filtering to the display of the trace. If the video filter is activated by turning the Window On, traces are reduced by smoothing out the sharp transitions,

thereby enabling users easy to discriminate noises and peaks.

9 Setup Velocity: Opens the Relative Propagation Velocity parameter for data entry. Enter

the propagation velocity for the type of transmission line being tested.

Cable Loss: Opens the Cable Loss parameter for data entry. Enter the loss per meter for the type of transmission line being tested.

Unit: Selects the unit of X-axis scale to display the measurement results in Meter or Feet.

4. TRACE (DATA) POINT Trace point is used to select the number of data points to take during a VSWR and Cable Loss

measurement mode. There are four data points available: 126, 251, 501 and 1001. The default

number of trace points is 251.

5. MARKER A marker is used to get the data on the specific point of a trace. A total of six markers can be

displayed on the screen and each maker can be assigned independently. Placing a maker on the

trace displays the markers Y coordinates next to the markers position. If the maker table is

turned on, both X and Y coordinates of all activated markers are displayed.

z MARKER 9 Select: Selects an Active Marker whose position is moved by the dial knob or Up and

Down arrow keys. The assigned number of an active marker is displayed in red color

29



on the Select screen menu and the markers number is also displayed next to the

marker on the trace.

9 Marker View: Hides or displays the selected marker on the screen. In the same measurement mode markers appear at the previous positions when the Marker View

is turned off and on. If a measurement mode has been changed, markers are not

restored to previous positions but move to the left end of the trace.

9 All Off: Turns all markers off the screen. Markers are redisplayed on the previous position if markers are turned back on. If a measurement mode is changed, current

settings are not restored.

9 Draw Type: Selects the maximum number of markers to be used simultaneously. Available options are either 4CH or 6CH. If 4CH mode is selected, markers number 5

and number 6 cannot be activated. Settings changed in Draw Type are reflected in

Marker Ch and Marker table.

9 Marker Table: Displays a table on the left side of the screen when Marker Table is activated. All X and Y coordinates of the activated markers are displayed on the table.

Depending on the selection in Draw Type, the number of markers on the table is

either 4 or 6.

9 Marker Edit: Sets the marker position manually. A pop-up window appears for users to set the frequency and the marker position is moved to the setting frequency

z Moving Markers 9 Knob Turning the knob clockwise moves a marker to the right and counter

clockwise moves it to the left. The knob is used to move the marker position fast.

9 Up/Down Arrow Keys Pressing the up arrow key () moves a markers position one point to the right and pressing the down arrow key () moves a markers position one point to the left. Up/Down Arrow keys are used to move a markers position

precisely.

As the instrument is equipped with a touch panel operation, a marker can be

placed to the desired position by simply touching the screen. Quickly moves an

activated marker to the desired position and makes a fine adjustment using a

dial knob or up/down arrow keys.

6. TRACE Captures a trace for comparison with other traces or saves traces.

30



Figure 2.4.1 Trace Screen Display

z Select: Selects an active trace. Every time Select screen menu is pressed, the active trace changes. Channel numbers are assigned to each captured traces or loaded traces. Refer to

Save & Load for procedures to load traces.

z Capture: Captures a current trace on the screen and assigns a Trace CH. Refer to Save & Load for procedures to save traces.

z View: Hides or displays the Trace CH on the screen. Press Select screen menu key to choose the Trace CH. Traces with View set OFF are hidden from the screen. The information

about the hidden traces is also cleared from the information window shown on the upper right

of the screen. Setting View On restores hidden traces and information on the window.

z Info: Hides or displays the trace information window on the upper right corner of the screen. This is used to view traces overlaid with the trace information window.

z Clear CH: Deletes an active trace channel from the screen. The cleared channel is not restored. It is used to select and delete a trace channel one by one when multiple channels

are displayed on the screen. Verify the channels to delete with View ON/OFF function in

advance settings as cleared channels cannot be restored.

z Clear All: Deletes all channels from the instrument and initialize the trace settings.

7. PEAK This key is used to find the peak value of a trace. Pressing this key leads to the activation of

Marker CH1 and places the marker to the peak point of the trace.

z Next Peak Right: Moves a marker to the nearest peak on the right. z Next Peak Left: Moves a marker to the nearest peak on the left.

31



z Max Search: Moves a marker to the highest point of the trace. z Min Search: Moves a marker to the lowest point of the trace.

8. LIGHT This key is used to adjust the brightness of the LCD display. Adjustment can be made from 0 to

100% and the default setting is 30%.

9. SCALE This key is used to select a unit of Y axis of the graph in VSWR and DTF measurement modes.

Either VSWR or Return Loss can be selected. In Cable Loss measurement mode, Return Loss only

can be selected.

10. HOLD z This key is used to pause a sweep in all measurement modes. The Hold state is

activated by pressing the HOLD key, and it is maintained even if users change the

measurement mode. The sweep resumes when the HOLD key is pressed again.

z When Sweep Mode is set Single in the System screen menu, a Hold message is displayed on the screen in red color and the measurement stops at the completion of a

single sweep. Pressing the HOLD key it triggers another single sweep.

32



3. VSWR 3.1 Overview

To get maximum power into a load it is required that the load impedance match the generator

impedance. Any impedance difference, or mismatching would not produce maximum power transfer. A

mismatch at the antenna system produces a reflective 'traveling wave' which goes in the opposite

direction from the incident wave. As the two traveling waves cross each other in opposite direction, it

is produce an interference pattern called a "standing wave". VSWR is the ratio between the power that

is sent forward to the antenna and the amount of the power that is reflected back toward the

transmitter.

Some of the consequences of having a high VSWR condition in cellular services are: dropped calls,

poor reception, and an overall unacceptable performance in the cell (or section of cell) covered by the

base station antenna. Therefore, the VSWR of the antenna system including the feed line is one of the

most critical factors in the service and maintenance of the RF transmitter systems.

3.2 Starting VSWR Measurement 3.2.1 VSWR Display Description

The screen shown in Figure 3.2.1 is displayed when VSWR measurement mode is selected. Various

kinds of information related to the VSWR measurement are shown on the screen.

Calibration Info

Trace Point

Y Scale Unit

Trace Average

Freq. Span

Freq. Band Info

Limit Line

Fail RangePass Range

Figure 3.2.1 VSWR Measurement Screen Display

33



z Calibration Info: Displays a calibration state on the measurement frequency band that a user has selected. When the instrument is first turned on, the state is CAL OFF. The

symbol CAL ON is displayed along with the execution time and frequency band after the

calibration is successfully completed.

z Trace Point: Sets the number of data points to take during a measurement mode. Selection is made from one of four choices.

9 126, 251, 501, and 1001 9 Selecting 501 data points provides twice as many measurement points as 251, but it

takes approximately twice as long for the trace to sweep and display.

Selecting the trace points larger than needed for the measurement will result in

a longer sweep time. This may hinder the user from observing the fast changing

traces.

It is recommended to select high resolution trace points only when measuring

the wide frequency band or a precise measurement is required.

The previously executed calibration is effective even after the trace points

change.

z Y scale unit: It is the measurement unit of the Y axis displayed for the trace. 9 Return Loss (dB) 9 VSWR

z Trace Average: Indicates the average value of a single sweep over the user setting frequency band.

z Freq. Span: It is a user-defined frequency band. Changing the frequency band doesnt affect the sweep time, but affects the calibration. Recalibration is required if the frequency

setting is changed.

z Freq Band Info: The band name is displayed if the band is selected from the band list stored in the instrument. If the user sets the start, stop, center or span frequency manually,

the band name will show CUSTOM

z Limit Line: Sets the upper limit value of the trace. The portion of the trace that exceeds the limit line is displayed in red color. The captured trace by using the Trace function does not

display the exceeded portion of the trace in different color.

34



3.2.2 Setting Frequency Frequencies can be set manually or selected from a band list stored in the instrument. It is desirable

to set the frequency to a value that covers the normal range of the measurement with enough margin.

Action Note

Setting Center Freq and Span

1. Press the FREQ/DIST key. Multi key

2. Select the Center screen menu.

3. Enter a center frequency value.

4. Press the ENTER key.

5. Select the Span screen menu.

6. Enter a span value.


9 The current setting is displayed on the

window.

Setting Start/ Stop Frequency

1. Press the FREQ/DIST key.

2. Select the Start screen menu

3. Enter a start frequency value.


5. Select the Stop screen menu.

6. Enter a stop frequency value.


9 The current setting is cleared when a new value is entered.

9 Press the ESC key to delete one by one the numbers displayed on the pop-up

window.

9 Pressing the ESC key repeatedly will cancel the input mode.

9 The frequency input unit is in MHz and the minimum input steps is 0.01MHz

Selection from the band list stored in the instrument


2. Select the Band screen menu.

3. Select the band from the list and press

the Enter key

9 Press the Up/Down arrow keys or rotate the dial knob to select a band from the list.

9 Select the Page Up/Down screen menu for searching bands not shown in the

screen.

Table 3.2.1 Frequency Setting Procedure

35



Changing the frequency settings will automatically turn calibration off with the symbol CAL

OFF displayed on the screen. Always set the frequency before calibrating the instrument.

Changing the trace points during the measurement doesnt affect the calibration.

3.3 Calibration e calibrated to get a reliable measurement result. For best results, set the

fr

z Calibration accessories (optional)

ains a 50 ohm load, one open standard and one short

9 : Use a phase stable cable for reliable and consistent measurement

To minimize the measurement error, connect the port extension cable to the RF In port on

The instrument must b

equency and calibrate the instrument immediately before taking a measurement.

9 Calibration Kit which cont

standard.

Test cable

results.

the instrument and then connect the Cal Kit to the end of the extension cable.

Figure 3.2.2 VSWR Calibration Connection

36



Bending or moving the phase unstabl cable while making a measurement may cause

t the successful completion of each calibration step, the message is displayed with a

Figure 3.2.2 illustrates the connection method when a port extension cable is used for calibration.

e

errors in the measurement. The test cable used for port extension must be phase stable in

the measurement frequencies.

A

beep sound.

To compensate errors caused by a port extension cable or adapters, perform Open-Short-Load

calibration including the port extension cable.

Action Note

Performs Calibration after the frequency sett d test cable connections. ing an

1. Press the CAL key. Hard function key

2. Connect an Open standard pen connector to the test Connect CAL Kit O

cable.

3. Select the Open screen menu

9 When the Open screen menu is selected,

9 age, Open CAL Complete, is

a progress bar is displayed to show the

progress.

The mess

displayed at its completion.

4. Connect a Short standard Co ctor to the test nnect CAL Kit Short conne

cable.

5. Select the Short screen menu

n the Short screen menu is selected,

9 age, Short CAL Complete, is

9 Whea progress bar is displayed to show the

progress.

The mess


6. Connect the 50ohm load Co e test nnect CAL Kit Load connector to th

cable.

7. Select the Load screen menu

n the Load screen menu is selected,

9 age, Load CAL Complete, is

9 Whea progress bar is displayed to show the

progress.

The mess


Calibration state is changed to CAL ON after the Open-Short-Load calibration.

Table 3.3.1 Calibration Procedure

37



3.4 VSWR Measurement The instrument is ready to take VSWR measurement after completing the Open-Short-Load

calibration using a port extension cable.

The end of the port extension cable must be connected to the device (antenna or feed line) for

VSWR measurement as shown in Figure 3.4.1. The result of the VSWR measurement is displayed on

the screen in real time.

Figure 3.4.1 Connection for VSWR Measurement

After calibration, do not change the connection of the port extension cable or the frequency

setting. It can cause produce an error in the measurement. When the frequency setting is

changed, a warning alarm will sound and the calibration state is changed to CAL OFF.

After changing the frequency setting, recalibrate the instrument using the Open-Short-Load

standard.

The maximum allowable input level of the instrument is +25dBm. Do not connect the RF In

port of the instrument directly to the output port of the system. An over power input degrades

the performance of the instrument and may cause a malfunction of the instrument.

!

38



Do not connect the instrument to the antenna when there is a risk of lightning. Electric

change the resolution of the VSWR measurement. Changing the Trace Point

oesnt affect the calibration state.

3.4.2 Scale Adjustment z Press AUTO SCALE key to optimize the Y scale and display the entire trace.

z Press AMP key to set the maximum and minimum values on the Y scale manually.

z Press SCALE key to select the display unit of the Y scale. z Scale adjustment doesnt affect the calibration state.

3.4.3 Using Markers Depending on the draw n be used simultaneously. The Y axis

value on a current trace is displayed next to each marker on the screen, but the frequency information

is not provided. Activate the marker table to see both, the level and frequency information when

moving a marker to the specific frequency using the Marker Edit function.

shock may cause a malfunction or damage the instrument.

3.4.1 Setting Trace Point Adjust a trace point to

d

type setting, four or six markers ca

Figure 3.4.2 Using Markers in VSWR Measurement Mode

39



3.4.4 Limit Line g

as a horiz exceeds the limit line and the

xceeded portion is displayed in red color.

a limit line, users can easily check if a measurement exceeds the specified limit. It appears

ontal line at the value set. An alarm sounds when a trace

By settin

e

Figure 3.4.3 Limit Line Application

40



4. DTF 4.1 DTF Measurement Overview

While VSWR is an indicator to express the efficiency of the antennas energy transmission, DTF is a

measurement to identify the fault locations in the antenna line system. Most of the antenna line system

consists of the various types of coaxial cables, connectors and devices such as dividers and surge

arrestors. Since VSWR is a measurement to verify the impedance discontinuity of the total feed line

system, it is necessary to perform DTF measurement to identify the exact component that is

contributing to the performance of the line system. The DTF measurement makes it easy to identify

the fault location by displaying the relative distance of the signal reflections or discontinuities from

various points of the line system.

4.2 Starting DTF Measurement 4.2.1 DTF Display Description The screen shown in Figure 4.2.1 is displayed when DTF measurement mode is selected. The

distance from the instrument is shown on the X-axis, while the relative magnitude of the discontinuity

is shown on the Y-axis. The information related to the DTF measurement is shown on the screen.

Calibration Info.

Maximum Distance

Y Scale Unit

Freq. Span

Freq. Band Info.

Cable Info.

Limit line & Limit Level Info

Figure 4.2.1 DTF Measurement Screen

41



z Limitrace

t Line & Limit Level Info: Sets the upper limit value of a trace. The portion of the

that exceeds the limit line is displayed in red color. However, the captured trace by

e color even if the trace exceeds the limit line.

e on the measurement frequency band that a

9 VSWR Changing the frequency band doesnt

ration. Recalibration is required if the frequency

z Cable Info: The name of user selected cable is displayed on the screen. A cable name is displayed if the cable is selected from a Cable List stored in the instrument. If the user sets

the Velocity and Cable Loss manually, the band name will show CUSTOM. The following

information is also displayed.

9 Rel. Propa. Vel.: The relative propagation velocity for the cable type selected by the user selected from the Cable List or manually set by selecting the Velocity key.

9 Nominal Atten.: The loss per unit distance for the cable type that the user selected from the Cable List or set manually by selecting the Cable Loss key.

By using the application program supplied with the instrument, users can store users

cable to the instrument. For details, refer to the Application Program.

4.2.2 DTF Setup Sets the conditions for DTF ters for DTF measurements

wing:

using TRACE function doesnt discriminate th

z Calibration Info: Displays a calibration statuser has selected. When the instrument is first turned on, the state is CAL OFF. The

symbol CAL ON is displayed along with the execution time and frequency band after the

calibration is successfully completed.

z Maximum Distance: Displays the maximum measurable distance within the user setting frequency band. Setting the frequency band narrow will increase the measurable distance

while setting the frequency band wide will decrease the distance.

z Y Scale Unit: Is the measurement unit of the Y-axis that the trace is displayed. 9 Return Loss (dB)

z Freq. Span: Is the user-defined frequency band.affect the sweep time, but affects the calib

setting is changed.

z Freq Band Info: The band name is displayed if the band is selected from the band list stored in the instrument. If the user sets the start, stop, center or span frequency manually,

the band name will show CUSTOM.

are the follo

measurements. The user setting parame

42



z Ff

m

m

z Ds

d is achieved when the user setting distance is the

s

z Cc rs of the cable.

z S nce unit. It c b menus:

ets the relative propagation delay of a cable. It affects the calculation of the

the DTF measurement.

A

s or. When the frequency setting is changed, a

w

t

A detailed ollows:

requency Setting: Sets the start and stop frequency to make a measurement. If a specific

requency band has been set in VSWR measurement mode, it can be applied to DTF

easurement. To change the maximum measurement distance or increase the

easurement resolution, is necessary to change the frequency setting.

istance Setting: The maximum measurable distance is displayed on the left side of the

creen depending on the frequency setting. Any value within the maximum measurable

istance can be set. Optimum resolution

ame as the maximum measurable distance.

able Setting: Selects a cable type of the feed line. By using this key, users can select the

able stored in the instrument without setting the detailed paramete

etup: Used to change the setting of the cable parameters or change the dista

onsists of the following su

9 Velocity: Sdistance in the DTF measurement.

9 Cable Loss: Sets the loss per distance unit of a cable. It affects the peak level of the discontinuity in

fter calibration, do not change the connection of the port extension cable or the frequency

etting. It can cause a measurement err

arning alarm will sound and the calibration state is changed to CAL OFF. After changing

he frequency setting, recalibrate the instrument using the Open-Short-Load standard.

procedure for DTF setup is as f

Action Note

Frequency Setting

Press

9 Select the Start Freq screen menu

9 Select the Stop Freq screen menu - {Enter stop frequency value}

Press the ENTER key

ot

necessary if a Freq. Band has been

VSWR

measurement, and the same Freq.

band is used in the DTF

measurement.

the FREQ/DIST key 9 Additional calibration is n

- {Enter start frequency value} - Press the ENTER key

set and a calibration has been

performed for the band in

- Distance Setting

Select the Distance screen menu

9 {Enter measuring distance} 9 Press the ENTER key

9 The ending point can only be set in distance setting.

9 The maximum measurable distance

43



is 1,250m (4,125ft).

Cable Setting

2. Select the Cable List screen menu

9 [Standard]/[Custom]

- {Select a cable by using Knob or arrow key}

9 Press the ENTER key Setup

S

S g

9 nu

9Setting the X axis Unit

etting Relative Propagation Velocity

9 Select the Velocity screen menu

9 {Enter user setting value} 9 Press the ENTER key

ettin Cable Loss

Select the Cable Loss screen me

9 {Enter user setting value} Press the ENTER key

9 [Meter]/[Feet] Table 4.2.1 DTF Setup Procedure

.3 Calibration DTF measurement results compatible with VSWR

measurement results.

s (optional)

which contains one d one

9 le cable surement

To m i ect the p e RF In port on

the in e Cal Kit to the end of the extension cable.

The Fig agram for ca nsate

measurem e e or adapters en-Short-Load (O-S-L)

4The instrument must be calibrated to get the

z Calibration accessorie

9 Calibration Kit 50 ohm load, one Open standard an

for reliable and consistent mea

ort extension cable to th

Short standard

Test cable: Use a phase stab

results

inim ze measurement errors, conn

strument and then connect th

ure 4.3.1 shows the connection di libration using a test cable. To compe

, perform the Opent rrors due to the test cabl

44



calibration including the test cable. For detailed calib efer to Table 3.3.1 ration procedure, r

Calibration Procedure

Figure 4.3.1 DTF Calibration Connection Diagram

oving the phase unstable cable while making a measurement may cause

errors in the measurement. The test cable used for port extension must be phase stable in

t

At the suc n of each calibration step, a message is displayed with a beep

soun

4 FIf a port extension cable is used to interconnect the instrument with the line, measurement error can

ha

th

compensated and the fault location can be more accurately measurable.

Bending or m

he measurement frequencies.

cessful completio

d.

Measurement .4 DT

ppen due to the sum of the port extension cable length and the distance to the fault. By performing

e O-S-L calibration at the end of the port extension cable, the extension cable length will be

45



allowable input level of the instrument is +25dBm. Do not connect the RF In

port directly to the system output port. Exposure to the overpowered input may degrade the

performance of the instrument and may cause damage in the long run.

Do not connect the instrument to the antenna when there is a risk of lightning. Electric shock

may cause the malfunction or breakdown of the instrument.

If O-S-L calibration ha extension cable for DTF

measurement, the length of the port extension cable is compensated automatically and is not

included in the distance to the point of discontinuity.

The maximum

s been done at the end of the port

!

Figure 4.4.1 Connection Diagram for DTF Measurement

46



4.4.1 Scale Adjustment z

z

z

sDepend ultaneously. The distance of

current marker position is displayed next to each marker on the screen. Activate the marker table to

ee both the magnitude and distance information. Use Marker Edit to move a marker to the specific

Press the AUTO SCALE key to optimize the Y scale and display an entire trace.

Press the AMP key to set the maximum and minimum values on the Y scale manually.

Press the SCALE key to select a display unit of the Y scale.

ing Markers ing on the display settings, four or six markers can be used sim

4.4.2 U

a

s

distance.

Figure 4.4.2 Using Markers in DTF Measurement Mode

4.4.3 Windowing Windowing is applied when an accurate fault location cannot be verified due to the side overshoots

of the trace. If the video filter is activated by turning the Window On, side overshoots of the trace are

reduced by smoothing out the sharp transitions thereby enabling users easy to discriminate noises

and peaks. Figure 4.4.4 is the result of applying window to the trace on Figure 4.4.3. Noises around

peaks are reduced and distance to the fault location is clearly verified.

47



Figure 4.4.3 Measurement Display Before Applying Windowing

gure 4.4.4 Measurement Display After Applying Windowing Fi

48



5. Cable Loss 5.1 Overview

The cable loss measurement feature checks the signal attenuation level of the cable system. The

frequency band to measure the characteristics of a cable must be calibrated before performing the

cable loss measurement.

5.2 Cable Loss Measurement 5.2.1 Cable Loss Display Description

The screen shown in Figure 5.2.1 is displayed when the Cable Loss measurement mode is selected.

Various kinds of information related to the Cable Loss measurement are shown on the screen.

Figure 5.2.1 Cable Loss Measurement Screen Display

z Calibratio uency band that a user has selected. When the instrument is first turned on, the status is CAL OFF. The

symbol CAL ON is displayed along with the calibration time and frequency band after

successful completion of calibration.

z Trace Point: Sets the data points or resolution to measure the trace. Selection is made from one of four choices.

9 126, 251, 501, 1001 z Y scale unit: The unit of the y axis in the Cable Loss measurement mode is dB.

n Info: Displays the calibration state of the measurement freq

49



z Trace Average: Infrequency band.

dicates the average value of a single sweep over the user setting

ed frequency band. Changing the frequency band doesnt affect the

but affects the calibration. Recalibration is required if the frequency setting is

instrument. If the user sets the start, stop, center or span frequency

manually, the band name will indicate CUSTOM

a Cable Loss measurement. Frequencies can be set

m

z Freq. Span: User-definsweep time,

changed.

z Freq Band Info: The band name is displayed if the band is selected from the band list registered in the

5.2.2 Setting Frequency The user must set the frequency band to make

anually or chosen from a band list registered in the instrument.

Action Note

Setting Center Freq and Span

8. Press the FREQ/DIST screen menu. Multi Key

9. Select the Center screen menu.

10. Enter a center frequency value.


12. Select the Span screen menu.

13. Enter a span value.


9 Current setting is displayed as default on the screen

Setting Start/Stop Frequency


9. Select the Start screen menu

10. Enter a start frequency value.


12. Select the Stop screen menu

13. Enter a stop frequency value.

14. Pre

9 Current setting is cleared when a new value is entered.

delete a number

displayed on the pop-up window one by

9 Input unit is MHz and minimum input

9 Press the ESC key to

ss the ENTER key.

one

9 Pressing the ESC repeatedly will cancel the input mode

step is 0.01MHz

Select istered in the instrument ion from the band list reg

1. Press ht e FREQ/DIST key.

2. Select the Band screen menu.

50



Action Note

3. Select the band from the and then press 9 Select the Page Up/Page Down screen the Enter key menu for searching the band that doesnt

show up on the current page.

Table 5.2.1 Frequency Setting Procedure

Changing the frequency settings will automatically turn calibration off with the symbol CAL

d on the screen along with an alarm sound. In this case, recalibrate

5.3 Calibration ted to get reliable Cable Loss measurement results. For best

re instrum iately before taking measurements.

tional)

n kit which contains one 50 ohm load, one Open standard, and one

T t error in Cable Loss measurement, dont use unnecessary extension

c calibration. Figure 5.3.1 illustrates the recommended calibration

m ent.

OFF to be displaye

the instrument with the Open-Short-Load Calibration kit.

The instrument must be calibra

sults, set the frequency and calibrate the ent immed

z Calibration accessories (op

9 Calibratio

Short standard

o minimize the measuremen

ables or adapters while performing

ethod for Cable Loss measurem

51



Figure 5.3.1 Port Calibration for One Port Cable Loss Measurement

Action Note

1. Press the CAL key. Hard function key

2. Connect Open standard Connect CAL Kit Open connector to the RF

In port

3. Select the Open screen menu

9 When the Open screen menu is selected, a progress bar is displayed to show the

progress.

9 The message, Open CAL Complete, is displayed at the completion.

4. Connect Short standard Connect CAL Kit Short connector to the RF

In port.

5. Select the Short screen menu

9 When the Short screen menu is selected, a progress bar is displayed to show the

progress.

9 The message, Short CAL Complete, is displayed at the completion.

52



Action Note

6. Connect 50ohm Load standard Connect CAL Kit Load connector to the RF

In/Out port

9 When the Load screen menu is selected, a progress bar is displayed to show the

progress.

9 The message, Load CAL Complete, is displayed at the completion.

7. Select the Load screen menu

Calibration state is changed to CAL ON after Open-Short-Load calibration.

Table 5.3.1 Calibration Procedure

5.4 Cable Loss Measurement The instrument is ready to perform Cable Loss measurement after completion of Open-Short-Load

calibration.

Figure 5.4.1 One Port Cable Loss

Measurement Connection Diagram

Action Note

Make a measurement after completion of O-S-L calibration.

1. Connect the cable to measure its loss to

53



the RF In port of the instrument.

2. Connect the Short standard of the Cal Kit

to the end of the cable to be tested n.

Cable Loss measurement result is displayed

on the scree

Table 5.2.3 Cable Loss M

5.4.1 Scale Adjustment

z Press the AUTO SCALE key to optimiz

z Press the AMP key to set the maximum an cale manually.

z Press the SCALE key to select the display unit of the Y scale.

5.4.2 Using Markers Depending on the draw type setting, four or six markers can be used simultaneously. The level of a

current trace is displayed next to each marker on the screen, but the frequency information is not

and frequency information when moving a marker

to

easurement Procedure

e the Y scale and display the entire trace.

d minimum values on the Y s

provided. Activate a marker table to see both level

the specific frequency using the Marker Edit.

Figure 5.4.2 Using Markers in Cable Loss Measurement Mode

54



6. Power Meter The P mission ystem. This function can be used

only with optional external verage power sensor and

eak power sensor, are available depending on the type of transmission power signals to be

each sensor is shown in Table 6.1.1.

ower Meter is to measure the trans power of the s

power sensors. Two kinds of power sensors, the a

p

measured. The specification of

Part No Description Frequency Range Dynamic Range Remarks

Protek

001 Sensor

m Terminating

Type

A434- Averaged Power 20MHz ~ 3000MHz 0 ~ -30dB

Protek A434- Peak Po

002 Type

wer Sensor 20MHz ~ 4000MHz 0 ~ -40dBm Terminating

Table 6.1.1 Power Sensor Types

6.1 Connecting Sensors Selecting the Power Meter function after power up will display Power Meter measurement screen with

the message that NO SENSOR is connected.

Figure 6.1.1 Power Measurement Screen

Connect a power sensor to the RS-232C interface port of the instrument using the provided cable as

Figure 6.1.2. Do not connect a power sensor directly to the LPA or HPA.

55



Figure 6.1.2 Power Sensor Connection Diagram

connecting a power sensor, select the Initialize screen menu key for the instrument to

recognize the sensor. After succe sor, the sensor type is displayed

n the screen as in Figure 6.1.3. Since no power source is connected to the sensor yet, an alarm

n.

After

ssful recognition of the power sen

o

message Lower Limit is displayed on the scree

Figure 6.1.3 Power Sensor Initial Screen

No sens screen if the instrument fails to recognize a sensor type during the

initialization process.

or type is displayed on the

6.2 Setting Power Meter

56



All the keys used to set the power measurement are displayed as screen menu keys on the screen.

No hard key on the front panel is used. Following is a description of the screen menu and its functions:

z Initialize: Initializes the power sensor and downloads the calibration data from the sensor. z Frequency: Sets the frequency of signals to measure. Note: As the frequency setting affects

the calibration data, be sure to set the accurate center frequency for reliable measurement

results.

z Ext. Offset: Enters the value of Gain or Loss when an attenuator or an amplifier is used before the power sensor. Note: As the default setting is Loss, enter the level of Loss in

positive value when an attenuator is used and enter the level of gain in negative value when

an amplified is used

z Unit: Selects the measurement unit. Note: In the case where the units are selected as Watts,

6.3 Power Measurement After connection and initialization of a power sensor, connect the power sensor to the output port of

the device.

.

depending on the measured power level, the units are altered as W(Watt), mW(milli Watt), or

uW(Micro Watt) automatically.

z Preset: Clears all user settings and returns to initial settings.

Figure 6.3.1 HPA (High Power Amplifier) Output Power Measurement

d if output power greater than +20dBm is supplied directly.

Do not connect the power sensor directly to the output of the HPA. The power sensor will

be damage!

57



Measuring frequency Sensor Type

High/Low Limit Alarm Measuring Result

Message Window

Figure 6.3.2 Power Meter Screen Display

58



59

7. Save & Load Measurement results and setups can be saved to or loaded from the nonvolatile memory in the

instrument or an external USB memory.

The instrument can save a measurement result in a data file and recall the file later for the purpose

of a comparison or analysis. The display screen can be saved as a graphic file format. Also a user

setup configuration can be saved. The LOAD function is used to recall data files, display screens or

user setups.

7.1 Save The instrument provides the following save functions:

z Save Current: Saves a current trace in a data file. The file name extension is .tra z Save Tra ptured trace in a data file. The file name extension is *.tra. z Save Screen: Saves a current display screen in a JPEG file format. z Save Setup: Saves a user setup configuration. The saving can be either internal memory or external USB memory.

7.1.1 Save Current This function is to save a current measurement result in a data file format. It can be used either

during a measurement or on hold state. A file name and its saving place can be designated.

Action Note

This function is available in VSWR, DTF, and Cable Loss measurement mode.

1. Press the SAVE key. Multi key

2. Select the Save Current screen menu. Screen menu key

3. Select the Memory Type

Internal/ USB

Select either an internal memory or an

external USB memory.

4. Select the File Name

Auto/ Manual

Select how to assign a file name.

Auto: File name is generated automatically.

Manual: User enters the file name manually

using the keyboard on the screen.

5. Press the ENTER key

Press the hard key for Auto mode or the

screen keyboard for Manual mode

Table 7.1.1 Procedure for Saving Current Trace

ce: Saves a ca



7.1.2 Save Trace This function is to save a captured trace using the TRACE function. Refer to TRACE for the

detailed description about capturing the trace.

Action Note



2. Select the Save Trace screen menu. Screen menu key

3. Select the Trace CH number Select a trace number to save.


l/ USB

Select either an internal memory or an

external USB memory. Interna

5. Select File Name Select how to assign the file name.

: File name is generated automatically.

anually

Auto/ Manual Auto

Manual: User enters a file name m


6. Press the ENTER key Press the hard key for Auto mode or the

en keyboard for Manual mode scre

Table 7.1.2 Trace Saving Procedure

Screen to Enter File Name Figure 7.1.1 Trace Saving

60



When a user assigns the file name manually, the ENTER key on the screen keyboard must

7.1.3 Save Screen T

be entered after finishing the entry of a file name.

his function is to save the measurement display screen in the graphic file format.

Action Note

This function is available in VSWR, DTF, Cab ent mode. le Loss, and Power measurem


2. Screen screen menu Select the Save Screen menu key

3. Select the Memory Type y or an

Internal/USB

Select either an internal memor

external USB memory.


Auto/Manual atically.

Select how to assign the file name.

Auto: File name is generated autom

Manual: User enters a file name manually


5. Press the ENTER key y for Auto mode or the


Press the hard ke

Table 7.1.3 Screen Saving Procedure

7.1.4 Save Setup This function is to save the user setup configuration and the calibration data. Up to 20 setups can

be saved.

Step Description

This function is available in VSWR, DTF, Cable Loss, and Power Meter measurement mode.

1. Press the SAVE key Multi key

2. Select the Save Setup screen menu Screen menu


Internal/USB

Select either internal memory or external

USB memory.


Auto/Manual

Select how to assign the file name.

Auto: File name is generated automatically.

Manual: User enters the file name manuall

creen

y

using the keyboard on the s

5. Press the ENTER key. Press the hard key for Auto mode or the

61




Table 7.1.4 Setup Saving Procedure

Saving setup based on the procedure in Table 7.1.4 saves the setup configuration listed in Table

tting can be configured by loading the saved setup later.

7.1.5. The instrument se

Measurement

Mode

Parameters Remarks

CAL On/ Off status

CAL Data Recall preceding calibration data.

Frequency Start, Stop, Center Freq and Span

Trace Point 126, 251, 501, 1001points,

Y-scale Top, Bottom

Y-scale unit VSWR, Return Loss

VSWR

Cable Loss

Band Frequency band name

Distance Setting 0 ~ 1250m (4125feet)

Cable Setting cteristics Cable name and its chara

Y-scale Setting Top, Bottom

Y-scale unit Setting VSWR, Return Loss

DTF

Custom Ca tting Propagation Velocity and

Cable Loss value

ble Parameter Setting User se

Table 7.1.5 Saved Parameters in each Measurement Mode

7.2 Load 7.2.1 Load Trace Th pen

auto ace is recalled:

ng of measurement mode is changed

the recalled trac e

ned chan ce CH) of the recalled trace are

z nit is adjusted automatically z From the second recall of the trace, the tr of

the X scale is not identical with those of the

ferent Y scale unit m ce

information appears on the trace summary table on the upper right corner of the display.

is function is used to recall multiple traces for comparison. The following changes hap

matically when a saved tr

z The frequency or distance setti the current automatically to fit into e. On the upper right corner of the screen, th

nel number (Trafrequency setting and the assig

displayed.

The Y scale u to fit into the Y scale of the recalled trace.

ace cannot be loaded if its start and stop point

first trace.

z The trace with the dif ay not be seen on the screen even if the tra

62



When multiple traces with different Y sca trace with the

current Y scale is only

le are loaded, the corresponding

shown on the screen.

Figure 7.2.1 Trace Loading

When the Load Trace function is selected, the preview of the sel ce from the list

is disaplyed o

Screen

ected tra

n the lower right corner of the screen.

63



Figure 7.2.2 Screen with Multiple Loaded Traces

Action Note


ess the LOAD key Multi key 1. Pr

2. Sele st shows up when Load Trace is

selected. Use dial knob or Up/Down Arrow

key to select the file to load from the list.

ct the Load Trace screen menu Saved file li

3. Press the ENETR key Load a selected trace.

When a trace is loaded, a channel number with frequency or distance information is displayed

on the upper right corner of the screen. Trace CH number is assigned sequentially starting

from CH1. Select the Clear CH or Clear All screen menu after pressing the TRACE key to

unload the loaded trace from the screen.

Table 7.2.1 Trace Loading Procedure

Loaded traces can be deleted from the screen according to the procedure in Table 7.2.2. Unlike

the loaded traces, captured traces cannot be restored once they are deleted. Be cautious in deleting

traces so that you do not lose any necessary information.

Action Note

64



Available in VSWR, DTF, and Cable Loss measurement mode.

1. Press the TRACE key Multi key

2. Select the Trace CH screen menu Select Trace Channel number to clear

3. Select the Clear CH screen menu Delete the selected Channel from the screen

All traces except the current trace are deleted from the screen when Clear All

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