Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA
1
Gaetano Marrocco
RFID Technology for IoT-based Personal Healthcare
in Smart Spaces
Pervasive Electromagnetic Lab University di Roma “Tor Vergata” [email protected] www.pervasive.ing.uniroma2.it
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA Credits
2
CarlaSTIFANO,CeciliaOCCHIUZZI,Cris4naCACCAMIStefanoPETTINARI,RossellaLODATO,StefanoMILICISaraAMENDOLA,AlessiaPALOMBI,GiordanoCONTRICarmenVALLESE,DiegoCERULLI,StefanoCIPPITELLIo-o-oprof.LuigiBIANCHI,prof.AlessandraBianco,prof.CorradoDiNatale,prof.PierPaoloValen4niRADIO6ENSEsrlH2020SCISSORS
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA www.pervasive.ing.uniroma2.it
3
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA FromREPOman
(2009)
4
VIDEOITA
VIDEOENG.
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA PervasiveHealthcaresystems
(Smarthome)
Bodysensors-mo4on- ECG- Evolu4onofpathologies
SmartHouse-temperature- Gas- Structuralsafety- localiza4onsystems
SmartObjects- Localiza4on- Quality(food,drugs)
Con
text
-aw
are
syst
ems
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA
8
Human-environmentinteracYons
(a) SketchofanRFID-poweredhabitatwithambienttags(AT)aXachedoverthewallsandobjects,wearabletags(WT),andimplantedtags(IT)placedoverandinsidethehumanbody,oneormoreRFIDreaders(R)scanningtheroomsandawirelessconcentrator(C)capabletopackthecollecteddataforin-houseprocessingand/orforinternetstreaming.
(b) ExampleofRFIDcoverage[2]ofahome-
por4onbyamul4plicityofreaders’antennasplacedatthewalls’side(RS)andoverthetopceiling(RT).
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA BaZeryless..
• Sensorscouldberequestedtooperateformonthsorevenyears
• BaXeryreplacementorrechargingneeded
• Addi4onalman-power• Pollu4on
• Energy-HarvesYngrequired
WirelessremotepoweringbyelectromagneYcwaves
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA UHF-RFIDTechnology
Reader
ü Passiveü RemoteReadingü Easyintegra4onü Communica4on&SensingUHFAntenna IC
BodycentricSensor-Tags
Cloud
DirectLink
BackwardLinkIDSensedData
RadioFrequencyIden4fica4onUHFBand860-960MHz
>1m
InternetOfThings
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA
11
Power-lessSensorsforPervasiveHealthcare
1. Wearable sensors (motion and stress)
3. Implantable sensors (vascular monitoring, prosthesis)
2. Epidermal sensors (temperature monitoring))
SignalProcessing
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA
12
Outline
BodycentricRFIDDevices• wearable• epidermal• implantable
RFID-IoTSystems• Mo4ondetec4onand
gesturerecogni4on• Con4nuousandon-flight
temperaturemonitoring• Human-thingsinterac4ons
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA RFID-BodycentricSystems
On-Body link Thereader’santennaisplacedoverthebody• Ac4vityandshadowingeffect• Exposurelimit
R
T
R
T RThrough-the-Body link Thetagisimplanted• Highloss• Smallreadranges
Off-Body link Thereaderplacedfarfromthebody• Readingrangeinrealscenario• Environmentalinfluence• Posi4on
T
14
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA RFID-BodycentricSystems
-Readranges
15
Pchip=-22dBm
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA WearabletexYleRFIDTags
9 cm
Tuning H-slot
Radiating edge
Observation: Normal incidence
4,5 cm
3,5 cm
-4dB -5dB -6dB
Felt substrate EPDM(Ethylene-PropyleneDieneMonomer)
Smart Plaster
16
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA WearabletexYleRFIDTags
tuning
17
MiniaturizedwearableUHF-RFIDtagwithtuningcapabilityS.Manzari,S.Peknari,G.Marrocco,ElectronicsLeXers,VoL.48,N.21,p.1325–1326
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA
Pin=200 dBm/10
On-bodyRFIDlink
The tag on the chest is almost always visible except for one lying position
Horizontal Polarization Vertical Polarization
18
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA
5.5m x 5.5m x 3m
Reader
Off-bodyRFIDlink-Realscenario
• Two tags properly placed enable a robust monitoring in a 4x3 m room
• Chip Sensitivity -15dBm
• No shadowing effects during normal activity
S. Manzari, C. Occhiuzzi, G. Marrocco, “Feasibility of Bodycentric Passive RFID Systems by Using Textile Tags” to appear on IEEE Antennas Propagat. Magazine Aug. 2012
19
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA Off-body:Densereadings
12 persons closely standing into 1m x 1m square. The reader is suspended on the ceiling
Reader
20
->VIDEO
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA FromWearableto…
Hugescien4ficandindustrialgrowthinthelastdecade
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA …toBio-integratedElectronics
KEYWORDS
• Skin• Epidermal• Flexible• Stretchable• Temporary• Dissolvable• Bio-absorbable
Prof.J,Rogers,UniversityofIllinoisProf.F.OmeneXo,TuoUniversity
D-H.Kim,N.Luetal.,“EpidermalElectronics”,Science,Vol.333,N.12,pp.838-843,Aug.2011.
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA
Absorp4onofBodyFluids
(sweat,exudates…)
Local
temperaturemeasurement
BackscaXeringRadiofrequencyLinkwitharemotereader
Antenna(energy
harves4ngandcomms.)
Bio-compa4bleandinkjet-suitablemembrane
Coatedelectrodes(Electrolytes,pH) Microchip
(sensorsampleandmodula4on)
Strainsensor
Concept:SmartPlasters-labonskin
• Mul4-sensors• Sensor+Actuators(controlleddrugsdelivery)
UnobtrusiveOn-Skinsamplingofphysio/pathologicalparameters:• Temperature• Hydra9on• PH• Strain• Biopoten9als…
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA EpidermalElectronics
andEMcommunity
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA
AntennasandSensorsforEpidermalElectronicsOrganizers
GaetanoMARROCCO UniversityofRomaTorVergata(IT)JohnBATCHELOR UniversityofKent(UK)
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA
ElectromagneYcSkins:EpidermalAntennas,FlexibleandStretchableAntennas,SensingSubstrates
SOLECITEDSPECIALSESSIONS2016
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA ChallengesofEpidermal
UHF-RFIDTagsq Taghastoplayassensorandhencetheantennaisatclose
touchwiththebody(verythinornoinsula4ngsubstrate)
q Highlossandmodestantennaperformance:properselec4onofantennalayout.Unlikewearableapplica4ons,patchantennaarenotuseful
q HumanVariability:broadbandand/orpossibleon-bodyretuning
q TransfermodalityoftheTag
q Bio-compaYbilityandtranspiraYon
q DeformaYon-immunity
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA OpYmalUHFantennasforEpidermal
Tags�
S.Amendola,G.Marrocco,“Op4malPerformanceofEpidermalAntennasforUHFRadiofrequencyIden4fica4on“,IEEETrans.AntennasandPropagat,underreviewIEEETAP,2015
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA OpYmalUHFantennasforEpidermal
Tags�TwocounteracYng
phenomenaforSkinAntennas:Theini4alincreaseinthegainismostlyduetotheincreaseintheradia4onresistance,whichispropor4onaltotheoveralllengthoftheantenna.Furtherenlargementsoftheantennaproducemoreintensedissipa4onofpowerintotheconductorsandthesurrounding4ssues,becauseofthehighconduc4vityofthehos4ngmedium,whichdominatesradia4on. èOp4malsizeofantennasovertheskin
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab
OpYmalUHFantennasforEpidermalTags�
Whichisthebestshapefortheantenna?
-gain-size-amountofcopper
Antennasize
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA Performancevs.traceconducYvity
50×1mmdipole30×1mmloopf=870MHz
VariabletraceconducYvity
Goodconductor
Poorconductor
• Novaria4onintheradia4onperformanceforσ>104S/m
• evenbyreducingtheconduc4vitydowntoσ=1000S/m,thegaindropsbylessthan2dB
AntennaconducYvityisasecond-orderparameter!!
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA Low-CostInkjetPrinYng
Desktopprinter
AgNano-ink Self-Sinteringatroomtemperatureaoer20min
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab
ExperimentaYons:OpYmallength �
Antennasize
Maximumpowerdeliverabletotheepidermalantennaload
PowerenteringintotheTXantenna
SystemGain
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA MembranesforSkinAntennas
Thin-layerBand-aid-Silicone
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA MembranesforSkinAntennas
Scaffold�-Poliε-Caprolactone(PCL)-Electrospinning-
Semi-crystallinebio-readsorbablemembranewithslowdegradingrateduetoitshydrophobicnatureandhighcrystallinitydegree.ProducedbyElectrospinningtechniques(densenon-wovenmicroand/ornano-fibrousfabrics)
betweenpolimericThickness:400um
Flexibleandstretchablescaffold.NaturaltranspiraYonPossibilitytobefuncYonalizedwithspecificchemicalreceptorsDelGaudio,Biancoetal,WileyInterScience,2007.
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA MembranesforSkinAntennas
Hydrogel
37
Anhydrogelmembraneisastretchablesubstratemadeofapolyvinylalcohol/xyloglucan(PVA/XG).PolyvinylalcoholisabiocompaYblesyntheYcpolymerwhileXyloglucanisahemicellulosethatoccursintheprimarycellwallofeveryvascularplant.PVA/XGmembranesareabletoabsorbbodyfluids(suchaswoundexudates)andreleasewateranddrugs.Theirstructurehenceundergoesswellinganddryingprocessesaccordingtotheskincondi4onsbeingabletoabsorbinthespecificcaseupto40%offluid.
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA MembranesforSkinAntennas
Fibres-basedDressing
38
HugeliquidAbsorp4on
Carboxymethylcellulose(CMC)
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA MembranecharacterizaYon
DielectricMeterSuspended-RingResonator:1
§ Notdisrup4vemethod§ Goodflexibilityintermsofsize/shape
ofthesample§ Liquidandsolidmaterials§ Nopreliminarycalibra4onwith
referencematerials§ Possibleexposuretoexternalagents
(liquid,gasesandmechanicalsolicita4ons..):Yme-variantsamplecharacteriza4on.
Port1 Port2
RINGPermi=vityεr
Conduc9vityσ
Thickness
S12vsfrequency
I.Waldron,S.N.Makarov,S.Biederman,R.Ludwig,“SuspendedRingResonatorforDielectricConstantMeasurementofFoams,”MicrowaveandWirelessComponentsLeDers,IEEE,vol.16,no.9,pp.496-498,Sept.2006
SampleParameters
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA ParametricIdenYficaYon
Experimental
fr1Q1,-3dB
fr2
Δf2
1.EMModeling(FEM)
2.FeaturesextracYon
ParametersRetrivial
1.VNAMeasurements
fres,Q =fres
Δf−3dB
#$%
&'(
2.ParametricSimulaYon
DataInversionCharts
fres,sim (ε,σ ),Qsim (ε,σ ){ }
Numerical
Q2,-3dB
Δf11
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA ValidaYon
Low&Highpermilvityandlosses
SolidSamples,DifferentThicknessValidatedforbothlow-permilvityandhigh-permilvitymaterials
HeadPhantom
BodyPhantom
Glycerol
BodyPhantom
HeadPhantom
Glycerol
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA CharacterizaYonofe.m.Parameters
-Hydrogel
scale
èVNA
fluid
• DistributedExposure
Solu4onuniformlydispersedbyspraynozzleLargeburns,ulcers,Bedsores,Sweatloss
• LocalizedExposure
Solu4onlocallyreleasebysyringePuncturedwounds,Gunshotwound,Incision
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA CharacterizaYonofe.m.Parameters
-Fibresdressing
43
AB
A B
Step-wisebehavior
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab
Radia4onlikeatwoC-dipolesLoopexciterforimpedancematching
5cm
5cm
SMilici,SAmendola,ABianco,GMarrocco,“EpidermalRFIDpassivesensorforbodytemperaturemeasurements”,IEEERFID-TA2014
Skinantennas:Dual-Looptag �
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA MiniaturizedSkinAntennas
5cm
• Miniaturiza4onofthe“un-useful”traces• Addi4onalmeanderingtoachievestretching• Performance,prac4callyunchanged
2.5cm
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA TracesDeposiYon
• CarvedAdhesivesheet
• InkjetPrin4ng
• Stencil&conduc4ngpaint
• Microcoated-wires
• MicroFluidicChannels
Carvedadhesivecoppersheet Stencilandconduc4vepaint
Micro-fabrica4on Inkjetprin4ng
CoatedMicro-wires
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA AntennaonSiliconeMembrane
Onbio-compa4blesilicone
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA AntennaonScaffold-likeMembrane�
-Poliε-Caprolactone(PCL)
Antenna:adhesivecopper
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA SkinantennasoverPET
2.5cm
5cm
MeasuredSimula4on
0.5m<Dmax(EIRP3.2W)<3.5mTemp. Label.
INKJETprinted
CarvedAdhesivecopper
In-plasterIntegra4on
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA
(a)$(b)$
(c)$(d)$
5$cm$
2.5$cm$
a. AdhesiveCopperfoil(ploXer)b. Micro-wirec. Inkjetprin4ngd. Micro-fabrica4on(gold)
SkinAntennas:performancecomparison
Antennasoveraliquidbody-phantom
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA HumanBodyVariability�
BodysizePosi4on
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA OnBodyRetuning
examples�
S.Amendola,S.Milici,G.Marrocco,“PerformanceofEpidermalRFIDDual-loopTagandOn-skinRetuning“,IEEETAP.2015
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA ImplantableSensors
Why?
56
Self-diagnosYcorthopedicprosthesis-monitoringofbio-mechanicalparametersfromtheinside
Smartsutures-monitoringofpost-surgerylocalinflamma4on(temperature)
SmartStents
-monitoringofre-stenosisinsidebloodvessels
è ThroughtheBodyLinksè NearfieldinteracYons
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATAElectromagneYcModels&Phantoms
forImplantedRFIDtags
57
VisibleHumanProject
RFIDtagimplantedinto
charoYd
Humanbodyphantom
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA LimbImplants
58
Integra4onofsensorsintoaprosthesistomonitoritshealthstatus- Deforma4ons- Temperature,..
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA ImplantedRFIDradiochannel
59
Forwardlink
Backwardlink
GT (ψ ) =PR→T (ψ )PavG
GRT (ψ ) =PR←T (ψ )PavG
=14Γin(ψ,Z
ON )−Γin(ZOFF )
2
TransducerGain
Round-tripGain
ψ = f (Ω,d,h)
4RchipRG Z212
Z22 +Zchip( ) Z11 +ZG( )−Z12Z212
ZGZ12Zrec
21
Z11 +ZG( ) Z22 +Zchip( )−Z12Z212
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA FeasibilityMargins
60
DirectLinkMargin
BackwardLinkMargin
MDL (ψ ) =GT (ψ )PavG − pchip
PR→T (ψ )
MBL (ψ ) =GRT (ψ )PavG − prdr
PR←T (ψ )
Quan4fythefeasibilityandreliabilityoftheRFIDchannel
Margin>0dBinordertoestablishthetranscutaneouslink
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA Through-the-bodyUHF-RFIDlink
LimbImplants:simulaYonwithVisibleHuman
61
Safety
Regula4ons:SAR<2W/Kg
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA Through-the-bodyUHF-RFIDlink
LimbImplants:Experimentsoverphantoms
Cow Bone Muscle: 65% Fat: 35% Av. Permittivity: ε = 38 σ = 0.60 S/m
Pin=30dBm W Read-distance <=25cm
62
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA
63
Through-the-bodyUHF-RFIDlink-MoYondetecYon
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA Intra-medullarySmartNail
64
ananatomicallycurvedrodgenerallymadeof4taniumalloywhosesizedependsonthetypeofthefractureandonthespecificimplanta4onlocussuchas,forinstance,thefemurandtheYbia.Fixingholesaredrilledattheextremi4esofthedeviceatthepurposetolocktheprosthesistothebonebymeansofscrews.
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA Intra-medullarySmartNail
“AntennificaYon“
65
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA Intra-medullarySmartNail
Proofofconcept
66
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA Intra-medullarySmartNail
experiments
67
Dmax:30cm(iden4fica4ononly)
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA HipProsthesis
-Structuralsensor
69
Onsiteop4miza4onofthetag
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA Bio-mechanicAnalisis
stress
èNosensiblechangeinthemechanicalrobustness
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA HipProsthesis
-AddiYvemanufacturing
71
Dmax=20cm(iden4fica4onomly)
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA In-hospitalTemperatureMonitoring
74
VIDEO
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA
75
OntheflightIdenYficaYon&sensingofmovingpeople
EpidemiccontrolatairportandhospitalIn-houseautoma4cscreeningoncrossingdoor
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA
76
OntheflightIdenYficaYon&sensingofmovingpeople
èVideo
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA
77
MoYon-detecYonandGestureRecogniYon
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA ClassificaYonofbodymoYon
78
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATAUniversity
ofRomaTorVergata
ClassificaYonMethod(DataAnalysYcs)
Thetermclassifierreferstotheproblemofiden4fyingtowhichonewithinapredefinedsetofmovementstypeanobserva4onbelongs
BackscaXeredPower
Mov1
Mov2
Mov3
SignalA
SignalB
SignalC
..BorrowedfromtheBRAINCOMPUTERINTERFACE(MachineLearning)
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATAUniversity
ofRomaTorVergata
ClassificaYonMethodSupervisedLearningParadigm
Training
Signals Labels
• KNN• SupportVectorMachine• NeuralNetwork• …
IN OUT
CollectDataset
FeaturesExtrac4on
IN OUT
Set-upParameters
Evaluateaccuracy
RefineParameters
ClassificaYon
UnlabeledSignals
MovX
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA
Class A
Class B
Support Vectors
Margin
2||w ||
b||w ||
w Optimal Hyperlaplane
OriginalFormulaYon1:• Binaryclassifica4on
• Linearseparabilityofdatapoints
QuadraYcconstrainedOpYmizaYonProblem
Maximum-MarginHyperplaneHowtochosethebesthyperplane?
ClassificaYonMethodSUPPORTVECTORMACHINE(SVM)
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA
• Electromagnetics + Neuroscience • Application of Machine Learning algorithms
ClassificaYonofbodymoYon
è video 82
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA MulY-channelmonitor
ofOvernightsleepReaderANTENNA
ATWT
RFIDReader
Real-9meData-Processingengine
AmbientPassiveTags(AT)
WearablePassiveTags(WT)
ThebackscaXeredresponseofthetagstothereader’squeryismodifiedbytheproximityofthehumanbodywiththetagsthemselves.Goal:extractinformaYonaboutmoYonandaboutspecificposturesduringthesleep.
84
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA
85
EMModels
EuropeanRecommendaYons:• |E|<41V/mItalianLaw:• |E|<6V/m
1interroga4onpersecond(FEKO)
45°<Tilt<65°1.5m<height<1.75m
No-communica4onregion
Pin=1W
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA MulY-channelProc.
86
Presence
Absence
Fall
Mo4on
QuiteSleep
Long
Short
Leo
Right
Prone
Supine
Right-handside
Leo-handside
EventDetecDon
Sleeper’sPostureRecogniDon
EventDescripDon
Signalfromwearabletags
SignalfromEnvironmenttags
• User’sstate• Ac4vityandquitesleepcondi4ons
FilteringThresholdClassificaYon
è Video
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA YoungSubjectinDomesYc
Environment
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA ElderSubjectinNursingHouse
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA Agedvolunteer
89
95-yearsoldvolunteer
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA AdvancedHuman-ThingsInteracYons
andmulY-parametersmonitoring
AcYveApparatus
AcYveApparatus
CabinetCableharness
CabinetWithinternaldevices
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA Antennascoverage
N.4switchablesurveillanceantennas
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA
ROSARIOthemaintenancetechnician(authorizedpersonnel)badge
STEFANOtheintruder(un-authorizedpersonnel)Nobadge
IdenYficaYonRFIDbadge
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATAAuthorizedaccess
Human-basedSemanYcAnalysis
1. Dooropen:somebodyinside2. Badgedetec4on:thesystemrecognizes
thetechnician3. Thetechnicianturnsonthelight4. Thetechnicianopensacabinet5. Thetechniciangetclosetheexitdoor
andturns-offthelight;thesystemrecordstheexit
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA Un-authorized
access
Human-basedSemanYcAnalysis
1. Opendoor:somebodyinside2. Nobadgedetec4on:thepersonisnot
authorizedandmaybeclassifiedasintruder3. Theintruderturnsonthelightforashort
4me:maybeusesatorch4. Theintruderopensacabinet5. Thetemperatureinsidethecabinetincreases:
possiblemanumission6. Theintruderopensthedoorandexits.
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA
That’s all !
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA References(I)
C.Occhiuzzi,G.Marrocco,“PrecisionandAccuracyinUHF-RFIDPowerMeasurementsforPassiveSensing”,IEEESensorsJournal,inpressS.Amendola,L.Bianchi,G.Marrocco,«BodyMovementsClassifica4onbyPassiveRadiofrequencyIden4fica4onandMachineLearningTechnologies»,IEEEAntennasandPropagat.Magaz.Vol.57,N.3,pp.23-37,2015ìS.Amendola,S.Milici,G.Marrocco,“PerformanceofEpidermalRFIDDual-loopTagandOn-skinRetuning“,IEEETrans.AntennasandPropagat,Vol.63,N.8,pp.3672–3680,Aug.2015R.Lodato,G.Marrocco,“CloseIntegra4onofaUHF-RFIDTransponderintoaLimbProsthesisforTrackingandSensing“,IEEESensorJournal,inpressG.Marroccoetal,“RFID&IoT:asynergicpair”,IEEERFIDVirtualJournal,N.8,March2015,hXp://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/virtual-journal/virtualJournalHome?pub=rfid&issue=8S.Amendola,R.Lodato,S.Manzari,C.Occhiuzzi,G.Marrocco,«RFIDTechnologyforIoT-basedPersonalHealthcareinSmartSpaces»,IEEEInternetofThingsJournal,Vol.1,N.2,pp.,144.152,April2014C.Occhiuzzi,C.Vallese,S.Amendola,S.Manzari,G.Marrocco,«NIGHT-care:apassiveRFIDsystemforremotemonitoringandcontrolofovernightlivingenvironment»,ProcediaComputerScience,Vol.32,pp.190.197,2014R.Lodato,V.Lopres4,R.Pinto,G.Marrocco,“NumericalandExperimentalCharacteriza4onofThrough-the-BodyUHF-RFIDLinksforPassiveTagsImplantedintoHumanLimbs”,IEEETrans.AntennasPropagat,Vol.62,N.10,pp.5298-5306,Oct.2014
www.pervasive.ing.uniroma.it
Pervasive Electromagnetics Lab G.Marrocco-2016
UNIVERSITYOFROMATORVERGATA References(II)
C.Occhiuzzi,S.Caizzone,G.Marrocco,«PassiveUHFRFIDAntennasforSensingApplica4ons:Principles,MethodsandClassifica4ons«,IEEEAntennasandPropagat.Magaz.,Vol.44,N.6,pp.14-34,Dec,2013S.Manzari,S.Peknari,G.Marrocco,”MiniaturizedwearableUHF-RFIDtagwithtuningcapability”,ElectronicsLeXers,VoL.48,N.21,p.1325–1326S.Manzari,C,Occhiuzzi,G.Marrocco,«FeasibilityofBody-centricSystemsbyUsingpassivetex4leRFIDtags»,IEEEAntennasandPropaga4onMagazine,Vol.54,N.9,pp2851-2858,2012C.Occhiuzzi,G.Contri,G.Marrocco,“DesignofImplantedRFIDTagsforPassiveSensingofHumanBody:theSTENTag”,IEEETrans.AntennasandPropagat.Vol.60,N.7,pp.3146-3154,2012G.Marrocco,“PervasiveElectromagne4cs:sensingparadigmsbypassiveRFIDTechnology”,IEEEWirelessCommunica4ons,InvitedPaper,Vol.17,N.6,pp.10-17,Dec.2010,2010C.Occhiuzzi,G.Marrocco,"TheRFIDTechnologyforNeuroscience:feasibilityofLimbs'MonitoringinSleepDiseases".IEEETrans.Informa4onTechnologyinBiomedicine,Vol.14,N.1,pp.37-43,Jan.2010.C.Occhiuzzi,S.Cippitelli,G.Marrocco,“Modelingdesignandexperimenta4onofwearableUHFRFIDsensortagantennas”,IEEETrans.AntennaPropagat.,Vol.58N.8,pp.2490-2498,2010G.Marrocco,"TheArtofUHFRFIDAntennaDesign:ImpedanceMatchingandSize-reduc4onTechniques",IEEEAntennasandPropaga4onMagazine,Vol.50,N.1,pp.66-79,Feb.2008.
Originalvideosatèwww.pervasive.ing.uniroma.it