RICHARDSON JOINT BASE ELMENDORF -...

BY ORDER OF THE COMMANDER

JOINT BASE ELMENDORF-

RICHARDSON

JOINT BASE ELMENDORF-

RICHARDSON INSTRUCTION 91-200

27 APRIL 2016

Safety

EXPLOSIVE SAFETY MANAGEMENT

PROGRAM

COMPLIANCE WITH THIS PUBLICATION IS MANDATORY

ACCESSIBILITY: Publications and forms are available on the e-Publishing website at

www.e-Publishing.af.mil for downloading and ordering

RELEASABILITY: There are no releasability restrictions on this publication

OPR: 673 ABW/SE

Supersedes: 3WGI 91-207. 5 February 2004

Certified by: 673 ABW/CD

(Mr. Donald C. Weckhorst)

Pages: 23

This instruction implements Air Force Policy Directive (AFPD) 91-2, Safety Programs, and is

used in conjunction with AFI 91-202, USAF Mishap Prevention Program, AFMAN 91-201,

Explosive Safety Standards. This program complies with requirements set forth in DoDD

6055.9E, DOD, Explosives Safety Management, DoDI 6055.16, Explosives Safety Management

Program, DoDM 6055.09-M, DOD Ammunition and Explosives Safety Standards, AR 385-10,

The Army Safety Program, DA Pam 385-64, Ammunition and Explosives Safety Standards.

Weapons Safety and Explosive Safety terminology used throughout this publication are

synonymous. This Instruction applies to all regular service components, Reserve Command and

National Guard units. This instruction establishes the Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson (JBER)

Explosives Safety Management Program (ESMP) in accordance with Army Regulation (AR)

385-10 and implements an explosive safety management standard for the installation. This

instruction identifies responsibilities for program management in accordance with AR 385-10

and augments weapons safety responsibilities detailed in AFI 91-202, USAF Mishap Prevention

Program. It incorporates joint base procedures to manage an installation level explosive safety

program using wing, brigade, group and battalion level safety managers. Compliance hierarchy

will be in accordance with the Installation Support Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) for Joint

Base Elmendorf-Richardson, Memorandum of Understanding (MOU), or active Interservice

Support Agreement (ISSA) with the base. The host service component (Air Force) safety

requirements will be followed if no MOA/MOU or ISSA explosive specific language is present.

In addition, service specific safety regulations will also apply to JBER organizations with an

Ammunition and Explosives (A&E) mission. This publication applies to all units on JBER

involved in explosives operations. Compliance with this instruction is mandatory. Refer

http://www.e-publishing.af.mil/

2 JBELMENDORF-RICHARDSONI91-200 27 APRIL 2016

recommended changes and questions about this publication to the Office Of Primary

Responsibility (OPR) using the AF Form 847, Recommendation for Change of Publication.

Route the AF Form 847 through the appropriate chain of command. Ensure all records created

as a result of processes prescribed in this publication are maintained in accordance with Air

Force Manual (AFMAN) 33-363, Management of Records, and disposed of in accordance with

Air Force Records Information management System (AFRIMS) Records Disposition Schedule

(RDS). See Attachment 1 for Glossary of References and Supporting Information.

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

This document is substantially revised and must be completely reviewed. The safety goal

has not changed for the installation although the process in which management of the JBER

explosives safety program has undergone significant changes. This instruction was developed to

align weapons/explosives process under one cohesive ESMP.

Section A— - Explosive Safety Management Program 3

1. Responsibility. ........................................................................................................ 3

2. Executive Explosives Safety Council. .................................................................... 4

3. Organization and Staffing. ...................................................................................... 4

4. Civilians. ................................................................................................................. 4

5. Contractors. ............................................................................................................. 5

6. Master Planning. ..................................................................................................... 5

7. Explosive Safety Site Plan (ESSP) and A&E Storage Licensing. .......................... 5

8. Facilities Conformance. .......................................................................................... 6

9. Facilities Maintenance. ........................................................................................... 6

10. Ranges. .................................................................................................................... 7

11. Demilitarization and Destruction. ........................................................................... 7

12. Risk Management. .................................................................................................. 8

13. Accident Prevention Program. ................................................................................ 9

14. Emergency Response. ............................................................................................. 9

15. Inspections, Evaluations and Audits. ...................................................................... 10

16. Explosives Safety Issuances. .................................................................................. 11

17. Records Management. ............................................................................................ 12

18. Training and Certification. ...................................................................................... 12

JBELMENDORF-RICHARDSONI91-200 27 APRIL 2016 3

Section B— - Explosive Safety Management Standard 13

19. General information. ............................................................................................... 13

20. Responsibilities: ...................................................................................................... 13

21. Safety Training. ...................................................................................................... 16

22. Weapons Safety Program Requirements. ............................................................... 17

23. Weapons Safety Inspection Program. ..................................................................... 17

24. Firefighting Symbol/Net Explosive Weight (NEW) Reporting Procedures. .......... 18

25. Information Collections. ......................................................................................... 19

Attachment 1— GLOSSARY OF REFERENCES AND SUPPORTING INFORMATION 20

Section A—- Explosive Safety Management Program

1. Responsibility. Everyone involved in explosives operations and units responsible for A&E

in Air Force-owned facilities on JBER will follow the provisions found in this publication.

1.1. Within the context of this instruction some elements are uniquely the responsibility of

the US Army and will not apply to other units.

1.1.1. Army commanders at company level or above or directors of Army organizations

located on JBER with an A&E mission will establish and implement a written ESMP that

complies with AR 385-10, The ArmyictectSafety Program, DA Pam 385-30, Mishap Risk

Management, DA Pam 385-64, DA Pam 385-65, Explosives and Chemical Site Plan

Development, and this instruction. Army unit level ESMP will include A&E life cycle

management from cradle to grave. Every effort will be taken to remove excess,

unwanted, unneeded, or unknown A&E inventory from storage. Each Army organization

will have a surveillance program to ensure safety of A&E in storage.

1.1.2. Tenant Army organizations with an A&E mission on JBER will have a detailed

ESMP tailored to their operation, which addresses the requirements stated in the AR 385-

10 and DA Pam 385-64 as a minimum.

1.1.3. Each tenant with an A&E mission will have a documented agreement

(MOA/MOU or ISSA) with the Installation Commander related to explosive safety

management and mishap prevention. Any unique or unusual explosive operation, which

is not covered, by DA Pam 385-64 and AFMAN 91-201 will be documented in the

agreement and brought to the attention of Installation Safety Office.

1.2. A copy of the ESMP will be provided to the Installation Safety Office.

1.3. Commanders and other Army leaders of organizations with A&E mission and functions

will maintain cognizance of the posture of their ESMP in accordance with AR 385-10.


1.4. Safety directors, Weapons Safety Managers (WSM) or Additional Duty Weapons Safety

Representatives (ADWSR) from organizations with an A&E mission will keep leadership

informed of the organizations ESMP posture in accordance with AR 385-10.

1.5. Quality Assurance Specialist Ammunition Surveillance (QASAS) will be an integral

component of the ESMP and will provide technical assistance to the organization safety

offices.

1.6. Ammunition Warrant Officers/Ammunition Officers will be an integral component of

the ESMP and will provide support to the organization safety offices as well as leadership to

tactical units.

2. Executive Explosives Safety Council. All organizations with an A&E mission on JBER will

follow Air Force Safety Council procedures. Environment Safety and Occupational Health

Council (ESOHC) policy is detailed in AFI 90-801, Environment, Safety, and Occupational

Health Council, AFI 91-202, and JBER 91-202, Safety Standards for the Joint Base Elmendorf-

Richardson Mishap Prevention Program.

2.1. In order to provide proper integration of A&E responsibilities between Installation

Safety Office and JBER organizations, an Executive Explosives Safety Council (EESC) will

be established.

2.2. The Executive Explosives Safety Council will be a sub-part of the ESOHC.

2.3. EESC will maintain a separate membership charter and explosives safety council

minutes to adequately focus and address JBER explosive safety concerns. The Installation

Commander, will chair this council and the Installation Weapon/Explosives Safety Manager

will oversee record keeping and administration,. The council will meet semi-annually in

advance of the ESOHC.

2.4. EESC meeting highlights will be reported to ESOHC.

2.5. Representatives from JBER organizations with an A&E mission will participate in the

EESC meetings. Membership will be comprised of the incumbent in the following positions:

Battalion and group level commanders, Installation Chief of Safety, Weapons Safety

Manager, unit safety representatives, Tactical and Range Safety officer, QASAS, and safety

directors. Membership is also extended to wing or brigade commanders and leadership staff.

3. Organization and Staffing. Army organizations on JBER should have adequate safety staff

to manage their ESMP.

3.1. QASAS will serve as explosives safety officers in the absence of qualified occupational

safety and health managers.

3.2. Army units requiring QASAS technical assistance will develop and coordinate a

memorandum of agreement or an intra-service support agreement with the supporting Army

Field Support Brigade (AFSB) for the required technical assistance.

3.3. Other units and organizations lacking an assigned weapons/explosives safety staff will

coordinate with the installation weapons/explosives safety manager who will provide

ADWSR recommendation and program management assistance.

4. Civilians. Service department civilians working with A&E on JBER will comply with this

instruction, host and owning service safety manuals, explosive safety issuances, Mishap


Prevention Programs, the Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Act, Occupational Health

Programs, work practices, and Standing Operating Procedures (SOP) at all levels.

5. Contractors. The contracting officer provides appropriate portions of DoD 4145.26-M, DoD

Contractors Safety Manual for Ammunition and Explosives, to the contractor.

5.1. All contracts involving A&E will comply with Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation

Supplement (DFARS), clause 223.370. The requiring activity will review all contracts for

other safety requirements.

5.2. In addition to DFARS requirements, all A&E contracts will stipulate compliance with

A&E safety requirements, accident-reporting provisions and develop an ESMP as required

by AR 385-10 and DA Pam 385-64.

5.3. Safety personnel from the organization responsible for the contract will advise the

contractor on Department of Defense (DoD) and service specific explosives safety standards

specified in the contract. In the event explosive safety requirements are not specified in a

contract, apply the provisions of DoD 4145.26-M.

6. Master Planning. Real Property Master Planning (RPMP)/Geo Base (Air Force) is a

continual, collaborative, and integrated process, primarily performed at the installation level,

reflective of mission requirements.

6.1. Real Property Master Planning on JBER is managed by 673d Civil Engineer Squadron

(673 CES). Any proposed construction or property changes to Air Force owned facilities

must be conducted in accordance with 673 ABW Real Property guidance requirements.

6.2. Any real property known or suspected to contain Munitions and Explosives of Concern

(MEC), Unexploded Ordnance (UXO), or Chemical Warfare Materiel (CWM) will be treated

and handled according to AR 385-10, DA Pam 385-64, and AFMAN 91-201.

6.3. In coordination with the Installation Weapons Safety Manager, the QASAS or the

Ammunition Supply Point Manager/AO will assist in the installation master planning process

and review the installation master plan annually to ensure construction is not planned within

Explosive Safety Quantity Distance (ESQD) without proper approval.

6.4. All organizations (with or without an A&E mission) will review the master plan as part

of any construction project to verify that the planned construction is not within the ESQD of

any Potential Explosives Site (PES).

6.5. The Installation Weapons Safety Manager will review annually (and document the

review) the installation explosives location map to monitor encroachment within ESQD and

ensure a review of explosives safety site plans, explosives licenses are accomplished.

6.6. The Installation Safety Office will monitor the overall installation explosives map and

address any conflicts and/or deviations required to maintain the master plan.

7. Explosive Safety Site Plan (ESSP) and A&E Storage Licensing. All A&E site plans and

licensing requests will be signed by the head of the submitting organization and forwarded

through the applicable unit safety representatives to the Installation Safety Office for further

review and processing. The 673 ABW Safety office, in coordination with civil engineering, fire,

health, security, and environmental agencies, is responsible for performing explosives site

planning and licensing.


7.1. All requests must be prepared by the submitting organizational safety representative and

approved by the responsible facility manager, physical security or resource protection office,

fire protective services, ammunition surveillance accountable officer, and if required, the risk

approval authority. Army units will additionally coordinate request packages through

supporting QASAS for technical review and validation to ensure document and supporting

risk assessments meet DA standard.

7.2. To support site plan preparation and facilitate efficient review at all levels, the

Explosive Safety Site plan will be prepared in accordance with DoD guidance listed in

Department of Defense Explosives Safety Board (DDESB) Technical Paper 26 and

explosives site planning procedures detailed in AFMAN 91-201.

7.3. An A&E storage license will be issued by the Installation Safety Office using Air Force

A&E licensing procedures detailed in AFMAN 91-201 Chapter 11, Licensed Explosives

Storage Locations and applicable criteria found in DA PAM 385-65 Chapter 5, Explosives

Licensing.

7.4. Facilities that do not meet A&E safety standards will not be licensed unless a waiver,

exemption, or Certificate of Compelling Reason (CCR) is on file with both the organization

having the A&E mission and the Installation Safety Office.

7.5. A&E will not be stored at any location, which does not have a valid current explosives

license or DDESB approved site plan. This requirement does not apply to A&E locations

exempted from licensing or situations not requiring explosives site plans as described in

AFMAN 91-201.

7.6. The organization having the A&E mission is responsible to retain official

documentation of the approved site plan and license. The Installation Safety Office will

maintain a copy of the approved site plan and all licenses for master planning purposes.

8. Facilities Conformance. Unit commanders are responsible to ensure facility construction

meets requirements of approved explosives safety site plan. Unit commanders are also

responsible for conducting periodic safety inspections of their facilities to ensure continued

compliance with the approved Explosive Safety Site Plan (ESSP) and are responsible for

submitting work orders for facility deficiencies.

8.1. Army ESSP that include protective construction designs to reduce Quantity-Distance

(QD) requirements or for personnel protection must have engineering designs coordinated

with and approved by the Army Engineering and Support Center, Huntsville, AL, or the

Naval Facilities Engineering and Expeditionary Warfare Center (NAVFAC EXWC), Port

Hueneme, CA, prior to submission to the Installation Safety Office.

8.2. All A&E storage facilities will comply with the applicable DoD, Air Force, Army, and

OSHA standards in addition to any facility specific requirements contained in the DDESB

approved ESSP to include Higher Headquarters (HHQ) siting and documentation

determination.

9. Facilities Maintenance. All organizations maintaining A&E will have a program to address

facility maintenance. Management responsibilities are further detailed in Base Civil Engineer

facility user guidance and augmented by JBER instructions. At a minimum, each facility

manager of an A&E location will:


9.1. Ensure facility inspection and maintenance plans are in place for explosives related and

supporting structures.

9.2. Ensure action plans are in place for identifying, funding, and correcting facility

deficiencies.

9.3. Ensure periodic inspections and trends analysis is conducted on Lightning Protection

Systems (LPS). See DA Pam 385-64 for guidance.

9.4. Ensure specialized training and certification is provided (if required) to maintain

explosives facilities.

9.5. Ensure LPS, static bonds, grounding tests, inspections, and records management for AF-

owned facilities are completed per directions in AFI 32-1065, Grounding Systems, AFMAN

91-201, and NFPA 780, Standard For The Installation Of Lightning Protection Systems.

9.6. Ensure written authorization to perform hot work operations such as welding, cutting,

burning or heating that could inadvertently provide a source of ignition in an explosive

environment is obtained in accordance with local fire department instructions, AFI 91-203

and AFMAN 91-201.

10. Ranges. Range Management Authority, USARAK G-3, is designated as the Senior

Commander’s representative for Command and Control (C2) for range and test areas within the

USARAK Area of Responsibility (AOR) and will work with the USARAK Safety Office to

accomplish range and test missions. Range operations will be in accordance with SOP published

by Range Management Authority and the USARAK Safety Office. Any military forces to

include Army National Guard and Army Reserves desiring training on Army ranges will

coordinate and schedule through the USARAK Range Control.

10.1. Organizations with Research Development Test and Evaluation (RDT&E) missions

will use DA Pam 385-64 criteria and documentation for all explosives operations. Safety

Directors of organizations with a RDT&E mission will use and document application of

appropriate explosive safety considerations per DA Pam 385-64 for all explosives operations

involving support facilities, loading rooms, temperature conditioning buildings, service

magazines, open storage pads, and similar locations.

10.2. When a test involves the firing of a projectile (including rockets and missiles) or the

delivery of bombs and the use of a Surface Danger Zone (SDZ) and/or Weapon Danger

Zones (WDZ) maximizes safety then, the SDZ process may be used in accordance with DA

Pam 385-63. When a munition and/or weapon system does not have an approved

SDZ/WDZ, the deviation process contained within DA Pam 385-63 will be followed.

11. Demilitarization and Destruction. Organizations, with the exceptions of 673 CES

Explosive Ordnance Disposal (673 EOD), 65th Explosive Ordnance Disposal (65 EOD) and

716th EOD (716 EOD), WILL NOT perform any missions involving demilitarization or

destruction of ammunition, explosives, propellants, reclamation, Open Burning/Open Detonation

(OB/OD), or by any other incineration methods.

11.1. All SOPs or Operating Instructions (OI) for explosive operations will be initially

reviewed by the responsible safety office and annually thereafter during the unit safety

inspection. Demilitarization/destruction WILL NOT be conducted without authorized


technical procedures or a local operating instruction approved by squadron/company

commander or equivalent.

11.2. All UXO will be immediately reported to responding agency and unit safety

representatives. UXO on ranges will be handled in accordance with established range control

procedures. Personnel discovering UXO should follow the "Recognize, Retreat, Report"

approach.

11.3. Unless emergency disposition is required, resource recovery and recycling efforts will

be the primary means of disposing of unwanted ammunition and explosive materials.

11.4. The burying or dumping of ammunition, explosives, or propellants is not an approved

method of disposal.

11.5. Dangerously unserviceable items require immediate attention. If items cannot be

destroyed immediately, they should be isolated from other facilities by inter-magazine

distance. When such items are discovered, notify the EOD unit.

11.6. The 65th and 716th EOD units are designated as the Army representatives responsible

for demilitarization and disposal of unserviceable or hazardous A&E within the USARAK

AOR.

11.7. 673 EOD provides A&E demilitarization and disposal support on JBER to include

additional locations identified through emergency response plans and MOA.

11.8. Suspended, unserviceable and potentially hazardous ammunition should be stored in a

separate area away from work areas and other areas containing serviceable ammunition. If

they remain in the same facility, clearly separate the suspended and unserviceable items from

serviceable A&E using ropes, tape, painted lines or other highly visible means.

11.9. Dangerously unserviceable items WILL NOT be stored with serviceable items.

11.10. Suspended and unserviceable explosive items must be indelibly marked and tagged

with applicable ammunition condition code tags in accordance with service standards.

Ammunition markings and condition code tags will be clear to prevent inadvertent issuing,

loss of information, and show exact status of the item. ATP 4- 35.1, Techniques for

Munitions Handlers, is an additional source to provide Army doctrine and munitions

handling practices.

11.11. MIL-STD-129R, DoD Standard Practice Military Marking for Shipment & Storage,

provides marking, labeling, and tagging instructions for DoD ammunition and explosives.

Specific marking instructions for unserviceable explosives will be in accordance with

applicable service standards, packaging drawings and special packaging instructions.

12. Risk Management. The principles of risk management will be applied to all A&E

operations.

12.1. Army risk-based approval levels include ASA IE&E secretarial certifications. Risk

acceptance levels span from Army Headquarters Commanding General (CG) for permanent

exemptions or risks spanning 5-years, to a Company CO for low risk short term event

waivers.


12.2. Risk-based approval levels for AF explosive safety standard exceptions range from

SAF/IE down to Numbered Air Force (NAF) commander level who can delegate the lowest

risks to no lower than Wing Commander.

12.3. In the event that explosives safety standards cannot be met then a written risk

assessment will be completed and exception executed compliant with DA PAM 385-64, DA

PAM 385-30, AFI 90-802, AFPAM 90-803, AFMAN 91-201, and signed by the proper risk

acceptance authority based on the duration and magnitude of risk.

12.4. All A&E mishaps and misfires will be reported, investigated, and analyzed in

accordance with service specific mishap investigation regulations.

13. Accident Prevention Program. All units with an A&E mission on JBER will have

explosive safety as an integral part of their accident prevention plan. Mishap and accident

prevention plans will be tailored to operations which addresses the service requirements stated in

the AR 385-10, DA Pam 385-10, DA Pam 385-10, and AFI 91-202, as a minimum.

14. Emergency Response. In order to respond effectively to an emergency at an A&E storage

facility, emergency responders must know the contents of the facility in particular the responding

fire department, therefore the following actions are required:

14.1. Army emergency response planning will include the QASAS and will be exercised

prior to adoption and at least annually thereafter to ensure the adequacy of response plans

and responder training, responder familiarity with response procedures and equipment, the

adequacy of support agreements, and the availability and adequacy of emergency equipment

and medical support.

14.2. Army leaders at each echelon, with assistance of QASAS, will develop and implement

functions and written procedures to address emergency action plans and fire prevention plans

to fulfill service and OSHA requirements stated in AR 385-10 and DA PAM 385–64.

14.3. The Installation Fire Department will conduct fire prevention inspections in A&E

facilities and have the authority to inspect any facility at any time on JBER. Fire drills at

explosives storage areas are completed in accordance with DA PAM 385–64 and AFMAN

91-201.

14.4. All organizations located on JBER with an A&E mission will notify the fire

department when there is a change of fire or chemical hazard symbols and appropriately post

the proper fire and chemical hazard symbols of explosives present within the facility, unless

exempted.

14.5. In the event of an explosives accident, the Installation Fire Chief, or designated

representative, will be the Incident Commander in charge of the emergency response until the

scene is declared safe.

14.6. The scene will be secured by installation Security Forces until the Incident

Commander releases the accident scene. The designated recovery officer will control the site

after completion of emergency response actions. The recovery officer will support safety

investigations.

14.7. Army Accident Investigation team will be coordinated through regional Safety Office.

All Army accidents meeting Class A or Class B criteria, as designated by AR 385-10, will be


led by a board from United States Army Technical Center for Explosive Safety (USATCES)

or United States Army Combat Readiness Center (USACRC), unless delegated.

14.8. Accidents involving Air Force owned A&E would be investigated using criteria

identified in AFI 91-204 and AFMAN 91-221.

15. Inspections, Evaluations and Audits. Safety representatives are the Commander's advisor

on safety matters and have the authority to coordinate across functional and organizational

boundaries to identify and resolve issues. Installation safety staff has the authority to inspect any

facility at any time on JBER.

15.1. Army organizations with an A&E mission will conduct an annual review of their

ESMP. The review will be conducted by competent personnel and will be documented in

writing. Competent personnel must understand the risks, standards, procedures, and

precautions that apply to their tasks. Review includes ensuring explosive safety training and

certification is completed to levels required by service standards for assigned duty positions.

Safety Training and Certification paragraphs of this instruction provide additional guidance.

15.2. The use of a service specific checklist or other standardized tool is mandated. See AR

700-13, Worldwide Ammunition Logistics/Explosives Safety Review and Technical

Assistance Program, applicable Fiscal Year Defense Ammunition Center (DAC) review

guide, and DA PAM 385-64.

15.3. All units with an A&E mission will conduct and document periodic (at least annual)

safety inspections and/or audits of A&E activities to ensure compliance with DoD and

applicable (service specific) policies.

15.4. Safety personnel who are technically qualified to read definitive engineering drawings

and specifications pertaining to explosives facilities WILL document final A&E facilities

acceptance inspections to ensure as-built project is compliant with standards. This action

will occur following construction, renovation, or modification of facilities prior to

commencing any explosives operation.

15.5. The results of external inspections, evaluations, audits and surveillance efforts (HQ,

IG, technical assistance, DoD Explosives Safety Board (DDESB) survey or program

evaluation) will be incorporated into action plans, lessons learned and will be tracked to

remediate inspection deficiencies.

15.6. Inspection records will be made available for Installation Safety Office review during

installation and higher headquarters program evaluations.

15.7. High interest areas are those areas having the greatest risk to life or property, have

experienced repeated mishaps or in the judgment of the commander and/or safety office

require added monitoring. The Installation Safety Office will conduct random “spot” or high

interest area inspections as designated by the Chief of Safety.

15.8. The responsible explosives safety officer, manager, and unit safety representative will

conduct spot inspections during actual A&E operations to verify compliance on an ongoing

basis and to assist commanders identify transitory hazards. These spot evaluations will be

completed in accordance with AR 385–10, DA PAM 385–1, DA PAM 385-10, and AFI 91-

202.


15.9. In an effort to reduce re-sealing inventory time incurred by munitions accountability

processes, the annual safety inspection and spot check of sealed A&E facilities will be

conducted during scheduled inventory and maintenance cycles to the greatest extent possible.

The unit safety representative will de-conflict operations by providing a quarterly

maintenance and accountability inventory schedule to the supporting safety office to avoid

the unscheduled sealing inventory.

15.10. Static electricity charge dissipation subsystems will be visually inspected and tested

in accordance with AFI 32-1065, NFPA 780, and DA PAM 385-64.

15.11. Ordnance, equipment and instrument grounds will comply with DA PAM 385-64,

AFI 32-1065, and NFPA 780.

15.12. Explosives facilities will be provided with a ground system to provide personnel,

equipment, and facility protection. Personnel safety is provided by low impedance

grounding and bonding for personnel, equipment, metallic objects, and piping so as to

prevent voltages sufficient to cause a shock hazard or initiate explosives within the facility.

15.13. Visual inspection and testing of all electrical protection systems must be completed

by qualified personnel who are thoroughly familiar with the system they are evaluating.

Examples of user inspections would be worktable bonding or equipment to ground continuity

checks. Qualification training is required for individuals conducting lightning protection

inspections, electrical systems validations, facility grounding/bonding checks to include

documentation. Qualified personnel must be familiar with records keeping, electrical codes

and test criteria frequency listed in AFI 32-1065, NFPA 780, and DA PAM 385-64.

15.14. The organization with the A&E mission is responsible for ensuring all required visual

and electrical testing is current. Units will either conduct the inspection and testing

themselves or initiate a work order with 773 CES to complete the testing and inspection.

16. Explosives Safety Issuances. Periodically clarifications and amendments to policy are

disseminated by various A&E proponent agencies. These can take the form of interim guidance

in memo format from the proponent, rapid action revisions that do not change the promulgation

date, and other sources such as the United States Army Technical Center for Explosive Safety

(USATCES) Explosives Safety Bulletin, Air Force Safety Center Weapon Safety Division

(AFSEC/SEW) messages or Air Force Safety Automated System (AFSAS) notifications.

16.1. Explosive safety issuances consist of, but may not be limited to, local policies or

procedures, Army Regulations (AR), pamphlets, and other publications.

16.2. When a conflict exists between any explosives safety issuance associated with the

applicable AFMANs, AFIs, ARs or DA PAMs, the safety issuance will be followed.

16.3. US Army organizations and units within the USARAK AOR will have SOPs, which

include A&E safety management.

16.4. All Installation A&E policies will comply with DoD and applicable service

requirements and will be reviewed by Installation explosives safety personnel prior to

approval.

16.5. Compensatory measures are used in the risk assessment process and are a

commander’s directive to minimize risks associated with A&E operations. This commander

directed controls are often needed to meet required safety standards in order to eliminate


violations, exceptions or deviations. Unit commanders will implement compensatory

measures into a local instruction or unit SOP to ensure compliance.

16.6. All activities with an A&E mission will be aware of and take precautions with any

Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance (HERO) munitions. Units with an A&E

mission will use the 673 CES Tab D8, Explosives Safety Quantity Distance Map, to maintain

safe distances from existing HERO susceptible and HERO unsafe electromagnetic radiation

zones.

17. Records Management. All A&E compliance related records (SOIs, DDESB issued site

plans, locally issued explosive licenses) must be retained by organization having an A&E

mission and reviewed and retained per service records management procedures.

17.1. Units will maintain records as required by host and applicable service regulations.

Records will be made available for review during Installation Safety Office and higher

headquarters program evaluations.

17.2. LPS electrical tests, bonding and grounding point readings and visual inspections will

be conducted in accordance with AFI 32-1065. Test and inspection records for the past six

inspections cycles will be maintained by the testing agency and organization having an A&E

mission (organization using the facility). It’s the responsibility of the organization with the

A&E mission to provide a copy of the electrical testing to the Installation Safety Office for

review or audit if requested. This designated recordkeeping responsibility is compliant with

intent of DA PAM 385-64, paragraphs 17–29, Records, and AFI 32-1065, paragraph 4,

Recordkeeping and Review.

17.3. The A&E Amnesty Program is intended to ensure maximum recovery of military A&E

items outside the supply system. It is not intended to circumvent normal turn-in procedures.

Commanders having elements that use/expend ammunition or explosives will develop an

amnesty program that supports the MACOM A&E Amnesty Program. DA PAM 710-2-1,

Paragraph 11-19 covers responsibilities and details how the Amnesty Program will be set-up.

18. Training and Certification. Commanders or directors will ensure all personnel who are

involved in A&E operations, receive explosives safety training. Task qualification training will

be completed as required by service policy and training standards.

18.1. All personnel, supervisory and non-supervisory, who conduct A&E-related activities,

must have completed initial explosive safety training appropriate for their activities and

periodic refresher training as mandated in accordance with service policy.

18.2. Active Duty, National Guard, and Reserve service members working within the scope

of their AFSC/MOS require specific task training when performing A&E duties.

AFSC/MOS managers and career leaders determine which of those explosives related tasks

require task certification by a certifying official. DA Civilians operating within the

Ammunition Career Path (CP-33) are considered as task trained/certified.

18.3. The certifying official will base certification upon successful completion of required

training and satisfactory job performance.

18.4. Non-trained/certified personnel may only perform A&E duties as part of their on-the-

job training and when directly supervised by persons qualified in the tasks being performed.


18.5. Risk management training in accordance with service standards is a mandatory

requirement for those responsible for the development or review of deviations, exceptions

and risk assessments.

Section B—- Explosive Safety Management Standard

19. General information. JBER will provide the maximum possible protection to personnel

and property, both on and off the installation, from the damaging effects of potential accidents

involving A&E.

19.1. JBER will expose the minimum number of people to the minimum amount of A&E for

the minimum amount of time consistent with safe and efficient operations.

19.2. Units will train personnel whose activities involve exposure to risk from A&E.

19.3. Units will monitor, measure, review, and report in compliance with this instruction and

applicable DoD, Army, AF, service specific command directives or regulations.

20. Responsibilities:

20.1. The 673 Air Base Wing (673 ABW) Commander:

20.1.1. Appoint, in writing, an installation level Weapons Safety Manager (WSM) to act

as the Point Of Contact (POC) for installation Weapons Safety Office (673 ABW/ SEW)

responsibilities. Appointment directive will be maintained as an official record in the

Installation Safety Office weapons safety program continuity binder.

20.1.2. Develop, publish, and enforce an explosive safety management program.

20.2. The 673 ABW/SE Chief of Safety (CoS). Monitor, assess, and report installation

compliance with DoD directives, and explosive safety program plans.

20.3. The 673 ABW/SEW Weapons Safety Manager:

20.3.1. Review and coordinate on all tenant WSM letters of appointment. Ensure all

WSM appointment records are maintained in the installation weapons safety program

continuity binder with a copy provided to JBER safety offices, USARAK Safety, 11th

Air Force (11 AF/SE), and PACAF Weapons Safety Branch as applicable.

20.3.2. Have direct and unrestricted access to report advice, and coordinate as needed

directly to the 673 ABW Commander on safety issues concerning A&E.

20.3.3. Assist the 673 ABW Commander in the development and implementation of the

Installation explosive safety management program.

20.3.4. Review and coordinate on explosive safety program plans, process orders, site

evaluations, site plans, AF Forms 2047, Explosives Facility Licenses, and local safety

related operating instructions.

20.3.5. Individuals who are assigned installation weapons safety responsibilities are the

designated licensing authorities and will act as the responsible official to approve and

issue AF Form 2047, Explosives Facility Licenses on JBER.

20.3.6. Monitor, assess, and report through the 673 ABW/SE, units compliant or non-

compliant with explosive safety program directives.


20.3.7. Coordinate with weapons safety representatives on 673 ABW explosive safety

issues.

20.3.8. Assist with developing weapons safety training plans. Provide guidance and

training for the Additional Duty Weapons Safety Representative (ADWSR). Oversee

explosive safety training program, and conduct safety training, when required.

20.3.9. Perform required spot inspections. Spot inspections will be documented in an

approved AF Major Command (MAJCOM) information tracking system.

20.3.10. Maintain the 673 ABW installation level weapons safety program continuity

binder containing, copies of explosive site plans, waivers, exceptions, and deviations.

Program binder will additionally include the installation WSM appointment letter, spot

inspection log, DDESB reports pertaining to the installation and applicable portions of

higher headquarters inspections/visits.

20.4. Commanders below installation level with A&E mission:

20.4.1. Develop, publish, and abide by a tailored unit level explosive safety management

program.

20.4.2. Each unit (squadron/company and above) will appoint a primary and alternate

ADWSR in writing, to act as the POC for unit and as liaison to Installation Safety Office

for all weapons safety issues. A commander should select individuals with the maturity

and experience to ensure mishap prevention principles and safety standards are applied

and enforced across the unit.

20.4.3. Empower ADWSR to assist unit leaders, organizational safety managers and

encourage open communication to commander concerning the unit Weapons Safety

Program.

20.4.4. Select individuals performing ADWSR duties (group/battalion) who are at least a

Senior Noncommissioned Officer (SNCO) and have a minimum of 1-year retainability at

the time of selection.

20.4.5. Army units may utilize the Additional Duty Safety Officer (ADSO) or Collateral

Duty Safety Officer (CDSO) as the brigade/battalion ADWSR in activities where

required functions/task does not support a full time safety officer. The person designated

as the ADSO/CDSO must be of sufficient rank to perform these duties normally a

commissioned officer/warrant officer at battalion or higher unit levels.

20.4.6. Appoint individuals to perform Weapons Safety Manager (WSM) duties

(wing/brigade) who are at least a SNCO or civilian equivalent meeting Office of

Personnel Management (OPM) 018/017 or 803 standards. WSMs must have career

experience in the maintenance or operation of nuclear weapons, missiles or non-nuclear

munitions, have a minimum of 2-year retainability at the time of selection, and meet

WSM training certification requirements within this publication.

20.5. WSMs/ADWSRs below installation level will execute the following responsibilities:

20.5.1. AF WSMs will complete Air Education and Training Command (AETC)

weapons safety course within 180 days of assignment. AETC (45 day in-resident)

training is available to joint service individuals who are assigned to manage brigade level


weapons safety programs. Individuals selected for WSM training must have 2-years

retainability as a JBER WSM, obtain a Chief of Safety recommendation and be appointed

by unit commander.

20.5.2. Individuals working under the Career Program (CP-12) who have completed

advanced-level 2 explosive safety certification in accordance with AR 385-10, paragraph

5–10 (b), and service members awarded an AF Special Experience Indicator (SEI 375)

for AF Weapons Safety Manager experience are not required to complete the AETC

training.

20.5.3. WSMs will provide ADWSRs local training within 30 days of appointment and

annually thereafter.

20.5.4. Have direct and unrestricted access to report to commanders/directors on safety

issues concerning A&E or any potential for hazardous conditions within the unit of

assignment.

20.5.5. Assist commanders/directors in the development and implementation of

explosive safety program plans.

20.5.6. Perform as a liaison between the assigned unit and Installation Safety Office.

20.5.7. Tailor mission specific explosive safety training throughout the assigned unit.

Administer local training specific to the unit’s explosive mission such as small arms

processing for exercises, EOD, demo material issue and control, electromagnetic

radiation to ordnance training and explosive route familiarization through the installation.

20.5.8. Develop and implement a unit level explosive safety management program and

mishap prevention policy.

20.5.9. Review unit operating instructions, lesson plans, and required explosives facility

licenses and maintain in current status.

20.5.10. Maintain a list of locally written weapons safety related instructions and training

plans. Ensure all locally written explosive related instructions/guidance are coordinated

through the Installation safety office for initial and annual review.

20.5.11. Develop specialized functional checklists for the area of operation.

20.5.12. Coordinate unit requests for safety exceptions and conduct periodic review of

existing exemptions, waivers or deviations from explosives safety standards.

20.5.13. Ensure documentation of all weapons safety training at unit level.

20.5.14. Analyze environments and conditions affecting weapons safety and

recommended solutions to minimize mishap potential.

20.5.15. Conduct and document weekly/monthly spot inspections to ensure current

safety regulations, SOIs, checklists, and instructions are available and being used. Ensure

activities that operate around the clock are adequately surveyed at times other than

normal duty hours.

20.5.16. Monitor, assess, and report to the appointing commander/director and the

installation WSM in accordance with the unit explosive safety program plans.


20.5.17. Monitor weapons and explosives operations and ensure the On-The-Job

Training (OJT) program incorporates essential explosive safety principles.

20.5.18. Ensure unit personnel are familiar with requirements and procedures for

reporting weapons accidents/incidents.

20.5.19. Ensure prompt action is taken on deficiency reporting.

20.5.20. Accompany and assist safety inspector during annual inspections.

20.5.21. Ensure unit-issued explosive facility licenses (AF Form 2047) are reviewed

annually for continued requirements and applicability. Prepare and submit updates to

ESSP and licensing in accordance with this publication, paragraph 7, Explosive Safety

Site Plan (ESSP) and A&E Storage Licensing.

20.5.22. Ensure proper distribution of all weapons safety information.

20.5.23. Inform the installation WSM of all hazardous environments, operations,

accidents, and incidents.

20.5.24. Attend and provide inputs for safety council meetings.

20.5.25. Evaluate adequacy and completeness of corrective actions for problems found

during inspections, evaluations, and staff assistance visits.

20.6. Supervisors of A&E operations:

20.6.1. Assure site specific hazards, operational hazards, and hazards related to A&E are

identified and mitigated by risk assessment to the fullest extent possible.

20.6.2. Develop, with the assistance of the ADWSR, training plans to address specific

A&E operations within the unit. .

20.6.3. Supervisors will identify work site-specific explosives hazards. They will

develop the Job Safety Training Outline and include explosives training on the unit

specific explosives hazards. The explosives training plan will be coordinated through the

unit safety representative and provided to the installation WSM.

21. Safety Training. All employees, whose duties and activities involve exposure to/risk from

A&E, will receive initial and reoccurring web-based explosive safety training. Exemptions to

explosive safety training will be directed per service guidance. Additionally, local unit level

explosives safety training must be developed and tailored to cover specific requirements or

“lessons learned” which are not addressed in general web-based training.

21.1. Training requirements for explosive safety professionals are defined by DoD (refer to

DDESB Technical Paper 27, Explosive Safety Training). ictectGoverning guidance and

methods for specific training are provided by service regulations AFI 91-202 and AR 385-10.

Additional options are available through Defense Ammunition Center sponsored Computer

Based Training (CBT).

21.1.1. The 367 TRSS Course, Munitions Explosive Safety Program

(C6AGM00CCB7510) or AMMO-63, Army Explosives Safety Familiarization, courses

are available and recommended in addition to local training. Initial explosive safety

training must be received prior to initial assignment of tasks that involve exposure to

explosive hazards.


21.1.2. Each unit with an A&E mission, will develop a tailored explosive safety course

for their explosive environment. The course must address explosive hazards associated

with the explosives specific to the unit mission.

21.1.3. Supervisors, WSMs or unit level ADWSRs will provide initial and refresher

explosive safety training to all personnel (supervisory and non-supervisory) who

supervise explosive operations, operate, handle, transport, maintain, load or dispose of

missiles, explosives or nuclear weapons.

22. Weapons Safety Program Requirements. Units at and above squadron or company level

with an explosives, missile or nuclear mission must have a weapons safety program.

22.1. The unit weapons safety program must include a hard copy or centrally accessible

electronic continuity binder. Binder, at a minimum, will include ADWSR and if applicable,

WSM letters of appointment, copies of DDESB approved A&E site plans and any additional

information in each lettered tabs (A-H) as required in accordance with Pacific Air Forces

(PACAF) supplemental management guidance to AF Mishap Prevention Program.

22.1.1. Army units may utilize a master brigade/battalion level continuity binder as a

central point of record for subordinate unit weapon safety programs. The approval to

cross-reference program binder contents and records to the higher unit must be endorsed

by WSM/ADWSR responsible for maintaining the master binder, Chief of Office

Records, and by written acceptance from gaining commander.

22.1.2. Continuity binder will be maintained by unit weapons safety program manager in

inspection order and be available for review at any time.

22.1.3. Unit continuity binders at all levels will be reviewed at least biennially by the

responsible WSM during the scheduled program assessment.

23. Weapons Safety Inspection Program. Safety program evaluations, assessments and

inspections help identify hazards and measure compliance with applicable safety guidance and

standards.

23.1. The host installation safety staff inspects units that do not have an authorized full-time

weapons safety position. Organizations with full-time safety staff will conduct program

assessments and safety inspections of their unit unless otherwise specified in host tenant

support agreement or MOU/Agreement.

23.2. Notification letters are sent out 30 days prior to an annual inspection/assessment.

Responsible commander may schedule an in/out brief with the Weapons Safety Office, if

desired.

23.3. After receiving the final report from the responsible safety office, the initial response,

must be signed by the unit commander and returned to the applicable safety office with an

informational copy sent to the next level higher commander and Quality Assurance Specialist

(Ammunition Surveillance) officer for managerial oversight no later than 30 days from the

inspection. Reports with open discrepancies must include an estimated completion date and

must be updated every 30 days until each discrepancy is closed. If the (30 day) period is

insufficient, request an extension. All requests are reviewed by 673 ABW/SEW and the

Chief of Safety will grant final approval.


23.4. Spot inspections are conducted by unit safety personnel or Weapons Safety Office on a

“no-notice basis.” Spot inspections are an in-house tool for the ADWSR to install day-to-day

safety awareness. These inspections are conducted using the Chief of Safety’s High Interest

Area (HIA) inspection procedures and are documented on the unit or wing spot inspection

log. ADWSRs should observe personnel handling, transporting, maintaining, operating or

storing explosive and missiles.

23.5. Self-inspection will be in accordance with service specific inspection system

requirements.

23.6. The commander or director may delegate the completion of the self-inspection to the

appropriate subject matter expert.

23.7. Army checklists are provided by the Army Technical Center for Explosives Safety and

Defense Ammunition Center. Additionally, the Regional Safety office or Installation Safety

Office can provide local checklists for a unit to measure safety program effectiveness.

23.8. Air Force units will use Management Internal Control Toolset (MICT) checklists

(communicator) provided by AF Inspector General (IG). Self-Assessment Checklists (SAC)

will be documented per guidance listed in AFI 90-201, The Air Force Inspection System.

23.8.1. Headquarters Air Force (HAF) assigns criticality tiers to each checkpoint item on

IG compliance checklists.

23.8.2. If an AF unit inspection results reveal a significant discrepancy where non-

compliance puts Airmen, commanders or the USAF at high risk of mission or program

failure, injury, legal jeopardy or waste, the inspection frequency will convert to high

interest (monthly) until such time as the status returns to acceptable, for not less than 3

consecutive months.

24. Firefighting Symbol/Net Explosive Weight (NEW) Reporting Procedures. Supervisors

at all explosives locations (areas having A&E present) will report current firefighting symbol

status to the Emergency Communication Center (ECC) dispatchers at the JBER Fire Department.

24.1. Responsible parties will post firefighting symbols for the explosives location as

required by AFMAN 91-201. Additional procedures or exception requests for posting fire

symbols will be coordinated with the Installation Safety Office and approved, in writing, by

both the Installation Fire Chief and Installation Commander.

24.2. Supervisors must ensure there are enough trained personnel, with the capability to

report and change firefighting symbols to include tracking Net Explosive Weight (NEW) for

fire withdraw distances as required.

24.3. Fire Department’s ECC will be notified using service guidance or standard operating

procedures which detail the unit notification process and clarifies posting responsibilities.

24.4. Units with A&E must provide ECC the highest hazard class division and any

applicable fire/chemical hazard symbols for the explosives location. ECC notification

requirement includes A&E locations exempted from posting firefighting symbols.


25. Information Collections. No information collections are required by this publication.

BRIAN R. BRUCKBAUER, Colonel, USAF

Commander


Attachment 1

GLOSSARY OF REFERENCES AND SUPPORTING INFORMATION

References

ATP 4-35.1, Techniques for Munitions Handlers, 31 May 2013.

AFI 10-2501, Air Force Emergency Management (EM) Program Planning and Operations, 24

Jan 2007.

DDESB Technical Paper 26 Guidance for Explosives Safety Site Plans, 30 Jan 2014.

DDESB Technical Paper 27 Explosive Safety Training, 1 Apr 2013.

OSHA, 29 Code of Federal Regulations 1910, date varies by standard.

MIL-STD-129R, DoD Standard Practice Military Marking for Shipment & Storage, 18 Feb

2014.

AFI 32-1065, Grounding Systems, 12 Jan 2015.

AFMAN 33-363, Management of Records, 1 Mar 2008.

AFI 90-201, The Air Force Inspection System, 21 Apr 2015.

AFI 90-801, Environment, Safety, and Occupational Health Council, 25 Mar 2005.

AFI 90-802, Risk Management, 11 Feb 2013.

AFPAM 90-803, Risk Management (RM) Guidelines And Tools, 11 Feb 2013.

AFPD 91-2, Safety Programs, 24 Jul 2012.

AFMAN 91-201, Explosive Safety Standards, 12 Jan 2011.

AFI 91-202, USAF Mishap Prevention Program, 24 Jun 2015.

AFI 91-203, Air Force Consolidated Occupational Safety Instruction, 15 Jun 2012.

AFI 91-204, Safety Investigations and Reports, 12 Feb 2014.

AFMAN 91-221, Weapons Safety Investigations and Reports, 21 Aug 2015.

DA PAM 385–1, Small Unit Safety Officer/Noncommissioned Officer Guide, 23 May 2013.

AR 385-10, The Army Safety Program, 27 Nov 2013.

DA PAM 385-10, Army Safety Program, 23 May 2008.

DA PAM 385-30, Risk Management, 2 Dec 2014.

DA PAM 385-40, Army Accident Investigation and Reporting, 18 Mar 2015.

DA PAM 385-63, Range Safety, 16 April, 2014.

DA PAM 385-64, Ammunition and Explosives Safety Standards, 24 May 2011.

DA PAM 385-65, Explosives and Chemical Site Plan Development, 1 Feb 2008.

DA PAM 710-2-1, Using Unit Suppy System (Manual Procedures), 31 Jan 1997.


AR 700-13, Worldwide Ammunition Logistics / Explosives Safety Review and Technical

Assistance Program, 27 Nov 2012.

AR 702-12, Quality Assurance Specialist Ammunition Surveillance, 30 Aug 2012

NFPA 780, Standard for the Installation of Lightning Protection Systems, 2014 Edition.

DoDI 6055.16, Explosives Safety Management Program, 29 Jul 2008.

DoDD 6055.9E, Explosives Safety Management and the DoD Explosives Safety Board, 19 Aug

2005.

DoDM 6055.09M-V1-8, DOD Ammunition and Explosives Safety Standards, date varies by

volume.

Adopted Forms

AF Form 847, Recommendation for Change of Publication

AF Forms 2047, Explosives Facility Licenses

Abbreviations and Acronyms

ADSO—- Additional Duty Safety Officer

ADWSR— Additional Duty Weapons Safety Representative

A&E— Ammunition and Explosives

AETC—Air Education and Training Command

AFMAN— Air Force Manual

AFRIMS—- Air Force Records Information management System

AFPD— Air Force Policy Directive

AFSC— Air Force Specialty Code

AR— Army Regulation

CMD— Chemical Warfare Materiel

CDSO—- Collateral Duty Safety Officer

CoS— Chief of Safety

DA—Department of Army

DAC— Defense Ammunition Center

DDESB— Department of Defense Explosives Safety Board

DoD—Department of Defense

ECC— Emergency Communication Center

EED— Electro Explosive Device

EOD— Explosive Ordnance Disposal

EESC— Executive Explosives Safety Council


ESMP— Explosive Safety Management Program

ESOHC— Environment Safety and Occupational Health Council

ESQD— Explosive Safety Quantity Distance

ESSP— Explosive Safety Site Plan

HAF— Headquarters Air Force

HERO— Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance

HIA— High Interest Area

HHQ—Higher Headquarters

IG—Inspector General

ISO— Installation Safety Office

ISSA— Interservice Support Agreement

JBER— Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson

LPS— Lightning Protection System

MAJCOM— Major Command

MICT— Management Internal Control Toolset

MEC— Munitions and Explosives of Concern

MOS—- Military Occupational Specialty Code

NEW—Net Explosive Weight

OI—Operating Instructions

OJT— On-the-Job Training

OPM— Office of Personnel Management

OPR— Office of Primary Responsibility

OSH—- Occupational Safety and Health

OSHA— Occupational Safety and Health Administration

PACAF— Pacific Air Forces

PES— Potential Explosives Site

POC—Point of Contact

QASAS— Quality Assurance Specialist Ammunition Surveillance

QD— Quantity-Distance

RDS— Records Disposition Schedule

RIMS— Records Information Management System

RPMP— Real Property Master Planning


SAC— Self-Assessment Checklist

SEI— Special Experience Indicator

SDZ— Surface Danger Zone

SNCO—Senior Noncommissioned Office

SOI— Standard Operating Instruction

SOP— Standard Operating Procedure

TO— Technical Order

USARAK— United States Army Alaska

USATCES— United States Army Technical Center for Explosive Safety

UXO— Unexploded Ordnance

WDZ— Weapon Danger Zones

WSM— Weapons Safety Manager

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