RISE OF ISLAMMiddle East, North Africa, and South Asia

GENERAL CHRONOLOGY 622 C.E.- Hijra

Mohammed flees to Medina, finds followers to build an army (Islamic calendar begins)

633 C.E.- Battle of Al- Aqaba, wars of Ridda Control of trade routes, conquests begin

680 C.E.- Death of Husayn, major split in Islam 711 C.E.- Muslims expand into India 732 C.E.- Muslims defeated at Tours, France

Farthest spread of Islam into Europe 940 C.E.- Muhammad Al-Madi disappears

Beginning of the wait for the 12th imam 1100’s C.E.- Crusades (invaders from Europe)

Muslims lose Holy Land but eventually retake it 1300’s C.E.- Muslims move into Southeastern Europe

THOUGHT QUESTION What was the period of greatest

development in the early Islamic world?

DATES OF MAJOR EMPIRES 661-750 Ummayad Caliphate 750-1258 Abbasid Empire 1258-1336 Mongols control Muslim

lands 1281-1918 Ottoman Empire

INTERACTIONS VITAL TO THE ISLAMIC WORLD

Tribal fights within the Middle East Stalemate with Byzantine Empire Invaded Persia Trade across Sahara desert with Africa (led by

the Berbers) Sufis spread Islam into India and Southeast Asia,

mostly by sea trade Invasion of North Africa and Spain Across Silk Road into Central Asia and China Coastal trade into East Africa

THOUGHT QUESTION What were the different ways Islam was

spread?

ART AND ARCHITECTURE

THOUGHT QUESTION What were some of the major themes

seen in early Islamic art?

DIVISIONS WITHIN THE ISLAMIC WORLD Islam

Shi’a Think leader of the faith should be related to Mohammed (Ali)

Sunni (85% of all Muslims today) Think leader of the faith should be elected (Imams)

Sufis Mystics, interested in following a path of piety, meditation, and

various physical and mental exercises to be closer to God (Allah).

The Islamic World Vast Regional differences in language, culture,

ethnicity, practices, politics

CONNECTIONS TO TODAY Where are Muslims today? Internal conflicts today in Islam

Clan or tribal identity Red Crescent (Like the Red Cross) Control of Oil Producing Areas

MUSLIMS IN THE WORLD TODAY

THOUGHT QUESTION Has Islam spread greatly to parts of the

world not settled by Muslims since its early expansion?