Rock Cycle

Rock CycleDiagram of the Interior of the Earth

Crust 0 to 40 km 0CUpper Mantle40 to 670 km 1,000CLower Mantle670 to 2,890 km2,000C Outer Core2,890 to 5,150 km3,700CInner Core5,150 to 6,370 km 4,300C Prepared by the Michigan Department of Environmental QualityOffice of Geological SurveyCrust The outer layer consisting of the part of the earth we live on. 0 to 40 km (0 to 25 miles) - 0C (32F) - - The upper 100-200 kilometer (km) of the Earth, consisting of the crust and uppermost mantle is characterized by a geothermal temperature gradient of 20-30 C per kilometer (40-50 F per mile). The part of the mantle near the crust, about 50-100 km down, is especially soft and plastic, and is called the asthenosphere. The mantle and crust above are cool enough to be tough and elastic, and are known as the lithosphere.Mantle - A rock layer that reaches about half the distance to the center of the earth. Parts of this layer become hot enough to liquefy and become slow moving molten rock or magma.Upper Mantle - - 40 to 670 km (25 to 415 miles) - 1,000C (1,800F)Lower Mantle - - 670 to 2,890 km (415 to 1,800 miles) - 2,000C (3,600F)Outer Core - - A mass of molten iron that surrounds the solid inner core. Electrical currents generated from this area produce the earth's magnetic field.2,890 to 5,150 km(1,800 to 3,200 miles) - 3,700C (6,700F)Inner Core - - A mass of solid iron. Although ambient temperatures would normally melt iron, the immense pressure on it keeps it in a solid form. This concentration of mass is partially responsible of determining how fast the Earth rotates. (spinning a fresh egg vs.. a boiled egg or the spinning skater conservation of angular momentum)5,150 to 6,370 km (3,200 to 3,960 miles) - 4,300C (7,500F)Have students use work sheets to reinforce information about layers of the earth.Measurements can and do vary from one source to another due difference in definitions, when the work was done, quality and quantity of supporting information and procedures used to extrapolate the data.http://wwwneic.cr.usgs.gov/neis/plate_tectonics/plate_tectonics.html

Created October 2, 2000MineralsMinerals Naturally formed solid that has a repeating three-dimensional shapeMinerals areNonliving materialHave crystalsFormed in naturesolidIdentifying MineralsLusterColorStreakCleavage and FractureDensityHardness

Which property means the way the light bounces off the mineral?luster

What words can be used to describe a minerals luster?Glassy, dull, shiny, greasyWhy is color not a good property to use to identify a mineral?Many minerals have the same color.

slatelimestoneStreak is simply the color of a mineral powder.

What are three testers that can be used to determine a minerals hardness?fingernail, penny, nail

Mohs Hardness Scale What rock will scratch Calcite but not scratch Orthoclase?

Hardness of some other items:2.5Fingernail2.53Gold, Silver3Copper penny4-4.5Platinum4-5Iron5.5Knife blade6-7Glass6.5Iron pyrite7+Hardened steel fileMineral PropertiesVideo ClipRocksMinerals combine to form rocksThere are three types of rocksIgneousSedimentaryMetamorphic

http://www.cet.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/rock.html Rock Cycle

Igneous RockIgneous forms when hot, liquid rock, or magma, cools and hardensIgneous rock formed on the surface is called extrusiveRock formed under surface is intrusive ExtrusiveIntrusive

Sedimentary RocksSedimentary rocks are formed from compaction and sedimentationSedimentary contain layers called strata

Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphic RockMetamorphic rock is formed by heat and pressure

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Heat and Pressure+