Date post: | 04-Aug-2015 |
Category: |
Environment |
Upload: | kapil-silwal |
View: | 110 times |
Download: | 5 times |
Role of Biogas Plants in Reducing GHG Emission, Forest Protection
and Improving Health(A Case of Nalang-9, Dhading)
SupervisorDr. Subodh Dhakal
Tri-Chandra Campus
Kathmandu, Nepal
Presenter Kapil SilwalRoll No.34
MSc II SemesterCentral Department of Environmental ScienceTribhuvan UniversityKirtipur, Kathmanu
Nepal
IntroductionBackground
• Biogas is combustible mixture of gases.
• Estimation: Potential of 2.9 million plants in Nepal(BSP, 2009)
• BSP under the Alternative Energy Promotion Centre , various donors like SNV and KfW
• First CDM project in Nepal• History of over 50 years of modern
biogas technology development• Derived from cattle dung, and recently
also human excreta mixed with cattle dung in some areas
• The alternative source of energy for cooking and sometime for lighting in rural households
• Fuel wood saving, forest protection, time and money saving, improvement of health, climate change mitigation
ObjectivesOverall objective of the study: to quantify
the environmental and socioeconomic roles of biogas plants
Specific objectives of the study:• To find amount of GHG emission
reduced by biogas plants installed in Nalang 9
• To find amount of firewood consumption reduced by biogas plants in Nalang 9
• To assess economic benefit of biogas plants.
• To compare the respiratory health between biogas users and others
SITE DESCRITPTION•Nalang-9, Dhading•About 8 Km to the South from Dhadingbensi; the headquarter of Dhading• Total number of households :177 , total population :713•Thulo community forest ward no. 6, 7 and 9 , total area 1.5 square Km
MethodologyPrimary data collection • Household survey
Sample size was determined by Arkin and Colton formula, which is as
n=
Where,n= sample size,N= Total number of householdsZ= confidence level at 95%; 1.96P= Estimated population proportion (0.5)d= desired error, (0.1)
Total number of households 177. 62 households were surveyed. Households selected under purposive sampling.
• Questionnaire survey• Direct observation• Focal group discussion • Key informant survey
Secondary Data collection• Thulo Community Forest
User Group• DDC library• CBS library• Websites of concerned
agencies • Data analyzed by MS Excel
Result
61%19%
8%
8%3%
Agriculture Business Government employeeRemittance Others
Occupation of house-holds Family with livestocks Family without livestocks
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45 42
20
43%
57%
Families with livestocks and biogas plants
Families with livestocks but no biogas plants
Firewood LPG Biogas Electricity Others0
10
20
30
40
50
60 56
37
19
9
3
Type of fuel used for cooking
Result Contd….Biogas only
5%
Biogas and Firewood
42%
Biogas, Firewood and LPG
53%
Proportion of households using other sources of energy along with biogas
Biogas users Firewood users0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1
10
18
21
Family with at least one member having respiratory problemsFamily without respiratory problems
36 biogas plantsSave 72 tons of fuelwoodSave 47.80 to 94.93 working days per familyReduce emission of 266.4 tons of GHG per year
4 m3 6 m3 8 m3 15 m30
5
10
15
20
25
30
6
27
21
Number of biogas plants in Nalang-9 (Source: NCDC, 2014)
Conclusion
• Especially women were benefitted.• The saved time can be utilized in productive works.• Respiratory health of family using biogas was
better.• At the rate of reducing 7.4 tons of CO2 equivalent
per plant(BSP, 2009), 266.4 tons of GHG emission is reduced by these plants.
• High initial cost and lack of information about subsidy is the main cause of few installations.
Recommendation
• Technical improvement in plants structure to yield sufficient gas.
• Proper feasibility study before installation• Plants of volume 4 m3 look appropriate for most of
the households. • Dissemination of knowledge on role of biogas plants
in climate change mitigation and forest conservation.
• Awareness on subsidy and the environmental cost of sources of energy
THANK YOU
Photos: Kapil Silwal