London, 18th June 2009 SUPERGEN - Highly Distributed Energy Future
Role of Conventional Generation and Transmission Systems in
Highly Distributed Power Systems
Goran Strbac
Imperial College
London, 18th June 2009 SUPERGEN – Highly Distributed Energy Future2
UK Context: Drivers for Change and Challenges
� Radical shift in generation technologies: significant interest in renewables, nuclear, CCS
– Increase in capacity margin and reduction in generation utilisation
– Balancing: combination of variable, unpredictable and less flexible generation
� Renewable generation in remote locations and offshore
– Most significant investment in transmission since WWII
� 2020+: incorporation of transport and heat sector into electricity system
– Potentially massive reinforcements required in distribution networks in particular, but also in generation and transmission with further degradation in asset utilisation under BaU
London, 18th June 2009 SUPERGEN – Highly Distributed Energy Future3
“Predict and provide”: philosophy of the present centralised system
Passive ConsumersPassive NetworksCentral Generation
� Control tasks
– Balancing of demand and supply
– Power flow control
� Control sources
– Large generators only demand uncontrollable
� Control
– Local
� Achieving reliability of supply
– Redundancy in generation and network assets
London, 18th June 2009 SUPERGEN – Highly Distributed Energy Future4
2020: significant contribution from intermittent renewables and nuclear
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0 1344 2688 4032 5376 6720 8064
Time (h)
Integration concerns: large generation margins, low plant
utilisation, problems with balancing of demand and supply
London, 18th June 2009 SUPERGEN – Highly Distributed Energy Future5
Generation Capacity, Margin and Utilisation
2010 2020
Capacity margin
20% 60%
Plant utilisation 55% 30%
2010
Capacity margin
20%
Plant utilisation 55%
London, 18th June 2009 SUPERGEN – Highly Distributed Energy Future6
Demand response helping with balancing
London, 18th June 2009 SUPERGEN – Highly Distributed Energy Future7
Firming up renewables with
distributed demand
0
1
2
3
4
5
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
Shortage level (MW)
Fre
qu
ency
(O
cc/5
-yea
rs)
LOLP = 9%
London, 18th June 2009 SUPERGEN – Highly Distributed Energy Future8
Integration of transport sector under BaU would significantly degrade plant utilisation
Year 2010 2020 2030+
BaU 55% 30% <20%
Responsive demand 60% 40% >50%
London, 18th June 2009 SUPERGEN – Highly Distributed Energy Future9
Can smart refrigerators displace a power station?
Wind penetration Low High
Cost savings £/Ref/year 1-3 4-9
CO2 savings kg/Ref/year 15-30 30-50
Equivalent of one less large CCGT generator operating for a year
London, 18th June 2009 SUPERGEN – Highly Distributed Energy Future10
Opportunities for distributed demand and DG: how to get more from our transmission infrastructure?
Sizewell
Pembroke
Osbaldwick
Rowdown
BeddingtonChessington
West
Landulph
Abham
Exeter
Axminster
Ch ickerell
Mannington
Taunton
Alverdiscott
Hinkley Point
Bridgwater
Aberthaw
Cowbridge
Pyle
Margam
SwanseaNorth
Cardiff
East
Tremorfa
A lpha Steel
UskmouthUpper Boat
Cil fynydd
Imperial
Park
Rassau
Whitson
Seabank
Iron Acton
Walham
Melksham
Minety Didco tCulham
Cowley
Bramley
Fleet
Nursling
Fawley Botley Wood
Lovedean
Bolney
Ninfield
Dungeness
Sellindge
Canterbury
E de F
Kemsley
Grain
Kingsnorth
Rayle igh Main
L ittlebrook
Tilbury
Warley
Barking
W.HamCity Rd
Brimsdown
Waltham
Ealing
Mill HillWillesden
Watford
St Johns
Wimbledon
New Hurst
Elstree
Rye House
N.Hyde
Sundon
Laleham
Iver
Amersham Main
Wymond ley
Pelham
Braintree
Burwell
Main
Bramford
EatonSocon
Grendon
EastClaydon
Enderby
Walpole
Norwich
Main
Coventry
Berkswell
Rugeley
Cellarhead
IronbridgeBushbury
Penn
Willenhall
Ocker
Hill
K itwellO ldbury
Bustleho lm
NechellsHams
Hall
B ishops
Wood
Feckenham
Legacy
Trawsfynydd
Ffestiniog
Dinorwig
Pentir
Wylfa
Deeside
Capenhurst Frodsham
Fiddlers
Rainh ill
Kirkby
Liste r
Drive
Birkenhead
WashwayFarm
Penwortham
Carrington
SouthManchester
Daines
Macclesfield
Bredbury
S talybridge
Rochdale
WhitegateKearsley
Elland
Stocksbridge
West
Melton
Aldwarke
Thurcroft
B rinsworthJordan thorpe
Chester field
Sheffield CityNeepsend
P itsmoor
Templeborough Thorpe
Marsh
Keadby
West
Burton
Cottam
High
Marnham
Staythorpe
Stanah
Heysham
Padiham
Hutton
BradfordWest Ki rkstall Skelton
Poppleton
Thornton
Quernmore
Monk
EggboroughFerrybridge
Killingholme
SouthHumber
Bank GrimsbyWest
Drax
Lackenby
Greystones
GrangetownSa ltho lme
Norton
Spennymoor
Tod Point
Hartlepool
Har t Moor
Hawthorne Pit
Offe rton
West Boldon
South Shields
Tynemouth
Ste llaWest
Harker
Eccles
Blyth
IndianQueens
Coryton
RatcliffeWillington
Drakelow
Shrewsbury
Cross
Weybridge
Cross
Wood
North
FrystonGrange
Ferry
Winco Bank
Norton Lees
Creyke Beck
Saltend North
Saltend South
Hackney
Baglan
Bay
Le ightonBuzzard
Patfo rd
Bridge
Northfleet EastSinglewell
Fourstones
Humber Refinery
Spald ingNorth
West Thurrock
ISSUE B 12-02-09 41 /177619 C Co llins Bartho lomew Ltd 1999
Dingwa ll
Dounreay
Newarth ill
Cumbernauld
Kincardine
Wis hawStrathaven
KilmarnockSouth
Ayr
Coylton
Inveraray
HelensburghDunoon
Inverkip
Devo lMoor
Hunterston
S loy
For t William
Bonnybridge
Nei lston
Ceannacroc
Conon
Fort Augustus
Foyers
Inverness
Stornoway
E lvanfoot
K aimes
Glenrothes
Westfie ld
Grangemouth
Longannet
L inmil l
Ba thga te
Erroch ty Power Sta tion
Torness
Cockenz ie
Keith
Thurso
Fasnakyle
Beauly
Deanie
La irg
Shin
Nairn
Kintore
B lackhillock
Elgin
Keith
Peterhead
Persley
Fraserburgh
InvergarryQuoich
Cullig ranA igas
Kilmorack
Grudie
Bridge
Mossford
OrrinLuichart
Alness
Brora
Cassley
Dunbeath
Mybster
S t. Fergus
Strichen
Macduff
Boat of
Garten
Redmoss
Wi llowdale
Clayh ills
Dyce
Craig iebuckler
Woodh ill
Tarland
Dalma llyKillin
Errochty
Tea ling
GlenagnesDudhope
Milton of Cra igie
Dudhope
Lyndhurst
CharlestonBurghmuir
Arb roath
Fiddes
Bridge of Dun
Lunanhead
St. Fillans
Fin larig
Lochay
Cashlie
Rannoch
Tummel
Bridge
Clun ie
Taynu ilt
Nant
Cruachan
Port
Ann
Carradale
Auchencrosh
Lambh ill
C lydes
Mi ll
Glen luce
NewtonStewart
Maybo le
Dumfries Ecclefec han
Berwick
Hawick
Galash ie ls
Dunbar
Meadowhead
Sa ltcoa ts
Hunte rstonFarm
SP TRANSMISSION LTD.
Kilwinn ing
Currie
Cupar
Leven
Redhouse
Glenniston
SCOTTISH HYDRO-ELECTRIC
TRANSMISSION
Tel fo rd Rd.Gorg ie
Ki lmarnockTown
B usby
E rskine
Strath lev en
MossmorranDunfe rmline
Broxburn
Livingston
Whitehouse
S hrubh illP ortobel lo
Devonside
Sti rlingWhistle field
SpangoVal ley
Ardmore
Broadford
Dunvegan
NGC
Easterhouse
East
K ilbrideSouth
Gretna
Chape lcross
THE SHETLAND ISLANDS
Tongland
Glen
Morrison
Clachan
400kV Substations275kV Substations400kV CIRCUITS
275kV CIRCUITS
Major Generating Sites Including Pumped Storage
Connected at 400kVConnected at 275kVHydro Generation
TRANSMISSION SYSTEM REINFORCEMENTS
Langage
B lacklawWhitelee
Iverk eith ing
Marchwood
BickerFenn
Coalburn
REINFORCED NETWORK
Under Construction or ready to startConstruction subject to consents
Very strong need case
Series Capacitors
RedbridgeTottenham
Strong need case
Future requirement, but no strongneed case to commenceat present
Cost of Smart Demand Actions (£/kWh)
Co
st
of
ma
na
gin
g
tra
ns
mis
sio
n
Distributed Demand Conventional Generation
10 25 50 100 150 200 500 1000
London, 18th June 2009 SUPERGEN - Highly Distributed Energy Future
Role of Conventional Generation and Transmission Systems in
Highly Distributed Power Systems
Goran Strbac
Imperial College
