Role of Inland Water Transport in Asia

Report of the 1st Asia-Pacific Water Summit Open Event in Beppu on 3 December 2007

Prof. Tatsuhiko IKEDA

Yokohama National University, Japan

2

Unit emissions of carbon dioxide by transport mode(Unit: Ratio of CO2 emitted to transport 1 ton of cargo 1km)

Source: Based on the Report on the Japan Greenhouse Effect Gas Inventory (October 2004) and Overall Energy Statistics (FY2003)

1,500

971

161

22

37

0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600

Air

Private Trucks

CommercialTrucks

Rail

Coastal Shipping

• IWT is a mode with low cost, energy efficient, and environment-friendly.

• At the Water and Regional Development Sessions of the 3rd and 4th World Water Forum held in Kyoto (2003) and Mexico City (2006), it was recommended that IWT be further promoted and utilized to realize regional development.

Background for the use of Inland Water Transport (IWT)Background for the use of Inland Water Transport (IWT)

3

• Symposium on ‘Waterborne Transportation and Regional Development’ was held in Beppu on 3 December 2007 as an Open Event of Asia-Pacific Water Summit.

• Senior administrative officials concerned and researchers in Japan, China, Korea, Vietnam and Cambodia made presentation on the use of IWT in their country.

• Various issues and challenges were discussed for further promoting IWT in the region.

■Panelists (Alphabetical Order)Senior Adviser, Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)

■CoordinatorProf. Tatsuhiko IKEDA, Yokohama National University, Japan

Mr. Mikio ISIWATARI

Mr. Kazuo ITOU

Dr. LEE Sung-Woo

Dr. Katry PHUNG

Dr. TRAN Dac Suu

Mr. Yifei ZHAO 　　

　　　　　

Research Fellow, Port Research Department, KoreaMaritime Institute (KMI)

Director-General, Vietnam Inland Waterways Administration (VIWA)

Associate Professor, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China

Director, Waterways Department, Ministry of Public Worksand Transport (MPWT), Cambodia

Chief Executive, Seaport and Airport Bureau, City of Kitakyushu

■Theme: Waterborne Transportation and Regional Development

Photo: OITA GODOSHIMBUN, 　　　　　　　　　 All Japan Regional Newspaper Federation

The 1st Asia-Pacific Water Summit Open EventThe 1st Asia-Pacific Water Summit Open Event

4

Dr. Phung KatryDr. Phung Katry Director, Waterways Department, Director, Waterways Department, Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT), CambodiaMinistry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT), Cambodia

“Support People's Lives”About 3.9 million people (one-third of the national population) live beside the Mekong River in Cambodia. They depend on IWT.

The Mekong River

5

Vessel seize restriction on Mekong River Domestic

cargo/passenger route

International Cargo/Passenger

route

-International route : Ocean going vessels with 5,000 DWT can access with the depth of waterway of 5 meters

-Domestic navigation route: vessels with 500 DWT in wet season and 70 DWT in dry season (the depth of waterway is 2 -2.5 m in dry season.

6

Inter-provincial Cargo movement by Waterway

The volume of waterway long distant transport between Phnom Penh Port and Provincial towns has decreased since 2003 due to the improvement of road network and insufficient loading facilities in each port. However, internal cargo transport within province still remain as an important transport mode in the region.

10.896 11.0079.087

5.399

2.633

0

5

10

15

Thou

sand

s to

n2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 year

Domestic Cargo transported from PP Port to Provincial Towns

7

Waterways transport and international trade

The volume of container cargo handled in Phnom Penh Port has been increasing since 2002, when a container line service between Phnom Penh Port and Ho Chi Minh City was put in operation.

Cargo Movement in Phnom Penh Port

35

7799

216235

1233

5773

270.746

16

30

38

8

0

50

100

150

200

250

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Th

ou

san

ds

ton

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Th

ou

san

ds

TE

U

8

Dr. TRAN Dac SuuDr. TRAN Dac Suu Director-General, Vietnam Inland Waterways Director-General, Vietnam Inland Waterways Administration (VIWA)Administration (VIWA)

“Support People's Lives”IWT is utilized fully for both passenger and cargo transportation in Vietnam. The superannuation of the port facilities becomes a problem because the investment in the improvement of the port facilities is not enough.

The system of the North

The system of the South

9

Vessel management

VIETNAM INLAND WATERWAY ADMINISTRATION

In the period of 1993 - 2005 the number of river vessels increased dramatically.

3053832929

43087

56188

6525869076

75588 7662478108

8204686207

0100002000030000400005000060000700008000090000

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005Year

Vessel

10

IW Transport capacity

Inland waterway transport capacity is very high and has increased rapidly consistetly.

inland waterway cargo transport capacity from 1995 t0 2006

Mil Ton

25.8127.97 30.6

33.8 37.540.7 42

44.850.97

5560

65

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 20032004 2005 2006

Year

11

Dr. LEE Sung-WooDr. LEE Sung-Woo Research Fellow, Port Research Department,Research Fellow, Port Research Department, Korea Maritime Institute (KMI)Korea Maritime Institute (KMI)

“Support The Development of The Region”

Short shipping routes between Japan, Korea and China are fully utilized for their trade. They are important to stimulate the economy of the hinterland of their ports.

China Japan

Korea

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Source: Korea International Trade Association, 2006

Present Situation of Korea/China/Japan Short Shipping RoutesPresent Situation of Korea/China/Japan Short Shipping Routes

Korea

JapanChina

317 216

207(1995)

252 156

526

2,103 1,64

81,018

986

778(2004)

1,827

Unit: Thousand TEU

Korea

JapanChina

67 171

220(1995)

91 312

285

351619 469

240

805(2005)

841

Unit: 10million

◈ Deepening Intra-trade in Northeast Asia

13

Mr. Yifei ZHAOMr. Yifei ZHAO Associate Professor, Associate Professor, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, ChinaShanghai Jiao Tong University, China

The Chang Jiang River is 5,800km in its length. IWT along the river has been extensively developed and utilized. The Government endeavors maintenance works of the waterways and the vessel standardization in the Chang Jiang River to facilitate economic development of the areas along its river system. It is necessary to enlarge the ship size and the port facilities to economically use IWT for the future of the region.

“Support the Development of the Region”

The Chang Jiang River

14

The region covered by the Chang Jiang River

15

Freight Volume & Throughput of Chang Jiang River

from 2001 to 2006

Volume of freight

throughput

0

100

200

300

400

500

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

36.0%

37.0%

38.0%

39.0%

40.0%

41.0%

42.0%

43.0%

44.0%

Vol ume of Chang J i ang Ri ver Frei ght Rate i n Ri ver Frei ght

million tons

0

40

80

120

160

200

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

50.0%

51.0%

52.0%

53.0%

54.0%

55.0%

56.0%

57.0%

Turnover of Chang J i ang Ri ver Frei ght Rate i n Ri ver Frei ght

billion tons km

16

Scale of China River Freight in 2006

Hei LongjiangRiver 1.2% Chang Jiang

River 39.6%

Jing-HangCanal 18.5%

Zhu Jiang River15.5%

Other Rivers25.2%

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Mr. Mikio ISIWATARIMr. Mikio ISIWATARI Senior Adviser, Senior Adviser, Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)

IWT is utilized for tourism and for transport of emergency materials in case of disasters.

Emergency Relief delivered by IWTEmergency Relief delivered by IWTSource : Kobe Port Promotion AssociationSource : Kobe Port Promotion Association

Connect People and the Region

Route of emergency relief goods transportation

Tokyo EarthquakeEstimation of DamagesNumber of destruction of building : 850,000Death toll: 　　 11,000

Source :Cabinet Office, Government of Japan Source :Cabinet Office, Government of Japan 　　　　 　　　　 River Bureau, MLITRiver Bureau, MLIT

3. IWT for Disaster Management3. IWT for Disaster Management Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake , 1995.1Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake , 1995.1 　　

Land Transportation damaged by EarthquakeLand Transportation damaged by EarthquakeSource : Hanshin Expressway ManagementSource : Hanshin Expressway Management

Technology CenterTechnology Center

19Source : Hita citySource : Hita city

““Yakatabune” (Houseboat) Yakatabune” (Houseboat) in Mikuma Riverin Mikuma River

(in Hita City, Oita Prefecture)(in Hita City, Oita Prefecture)

““Ukai” (Cormorant Fishing)Ukai” (Cormorant Fishing)in Mikuma Riverin Mikuma River(in Hita City, Oita Prefecture)(in Hita City, Oita Prefecture)

Traditional CultureTraditional Culture

2. Today’s IWT in Japan2. Today’s IWT in Japan

““Benkou Ikada Nagashi” Benkou Ikada Nagashi” in Horikawa Canalin Horikawa Canal(in Nichinan City, Miyazaki Prefecture)(in Nichinan City, Miyazaki Prefecture) Source: MLITSource: MLIT

20Source : Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport Japan (MLIT)

Water Bus

Distribution

Excursion ShipLeisure Boat Other

Use form of river navigation in main river (Research in 2008)

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Distribution Water Bus Excursion Ship Leisure Boat Other

21

Mr. Kazuo ITOUMr. Kazuo ITOU Chief Executive, Seaport and Airport Bureau, Chief Executive, Seaport and Airport Bureau, City of KitakyushuCity of Kitakyushu

“Contribution to Recycling-Based Society”

IWT as well as coastal shipping are utilized to transport waste materials and recycled materials among industrialized areas in Japan. This is a new concept of utilizing IWT and coastal shipping.

Waste which is generated in the region flows in the region.

Waste is recycled in the large area, entire Japan.

LESS WASTE!Recycle

Production Consumption

Waste

Waste

Waste

22

Overcoming Environmental Overcoming Environmental ProblemsProblems

22

Severe industrial pollution in the 1960sGovernment, industry, academia, and the people

cooperate to overcome pollution problems

Smoke filled skies 　　【１９６０】

Polluted Dokai Bay 　　　【１９６０】

Blue skies have returned 　　　【 Now 】

Beauty returned to Dokai Bay 【 Now 】

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Coastal Shipping of JAPANCoastal Shipping of JAPAN

Coastl Ferry Routes in JAPAN

Coastal shipping is used to facilitatethe environment-friendly distribution systemin Japan.

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The participants of this symposium recognize as follows.

• Thanks to the blessing function of water, IWT have been promoting regional development with relatively less energy consumption and with environmentally friendly manner. Further and safer operations of IWT should be sought out.

• In developing IWT systems, specific safeguards are required, such as standardization of vessels, maintenance dredging and provision of navigation aids, in order to utilize existing infrastructure.

• IWT has comparative advantages to transport waste materials for processing and recycling, tourists and emergency materials during disaster.

• Experiences of each regional IWT should be shared to each other to improve IWT operations in each region. Further collaboration in Asia and Pacific Region should be sought.

ConclusionConclusion