Introduction
Zimbabwe National Water Authority is a quasi government entity under Ministry of Water Resources Development and Management
It was formulated under and act of parliament and is responsible for implementation of Water Act of 1998
Headed by a CEO
ZINWA Board in place
Key provisions in Water Act
Water managed on a catchment basis –
There are seven Catchments in total
Stakeholder participation
Equity
Environment is a water user
Polluter pays principle (this was repealed into the Environmental Management Act 2002)
Institutions involved
Ministry of Water Resources and Management
Local authorities
Catchment and Subcatchment Council
Environmental Management Agency
Industrialists
Other
Manyame Catchment
Lake Chivero is in Upper Manyame Sub-catchment
Manyame Catchment Manager provides technical support to the subcatchment council
Sub-catchment council is a grouping of water stakeholders within the river subsystem
ROLES OF UPPER MANYAME SUBCATCHMENT COUNCIL
Monitoring of water resources to preserve from
illegal effluent discharges
siltation
stream bank cultivation
Advice prospective project developers to approach EMA for all environmental legal requirements
ROLES OF UPPER MANYAME SUBCATCHMENT COUNCIL
Facilitate water use within the sub-catchment area
Issue application forms
Monitor and release of water from reservoirs
Advice the Catchment Council on availability of water
Make follow up on payments for water use
Investigate illegal water users
ROLE OF ZINWA
Monitoring river systems and dams (Quantity and Quality)
Dam site investigations
Silt surveys
Dam maintenance
Potable water supply
Groundwater management
Design and construction
Water use and users in Upper Manyame
More than 123 active water permits
Irrigators
Urban water supply
Conservation
Fisheries
Recreational
Research and Agriculture
Threats to water use
• Point source pollution
– Sewage
– Industry
• Non-point source pollution
– Urban runoff
– Urban agriculture
– Refuse
– Spillages and sewage blockages
• Siltation
Effects and impacts
Water treatment along the whole river stretch becomes complex and costly -8 systems in total
Damage to crops-loss of revenue
Noxious weeds
Reduction in aquatic life diversity
Dam capacity reduced
Downstream users exposed to disease
Challenges to WRM
• Vandalism of monitoring equipment
• Outdated equipment for carrying out surveys
• Inadequate resources for monitoring water quality
• Non payment by water users
• Increased amounts of noxious weeds
• Pollution
Desired state of affairs
• Meaningful funding of water resources management
• Increased awareness among all on need to pay for water
• Clear cut policy on urban planning and development
• Full participation by all stakeholder institutions
• Reduction in pollution of water bodies
Conclusion
Lake Chivero is central to the Manyame River system and implementing sound water management will bring positive results for the whole river stream.