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(4) Medical Jurisprudence and Hygiene. All candidatesshall be subjected. in addition to the Written and Oral !Examinations, to Practical Clinieal Examinations in Aledi- Jcine and Surgery, which .hall include the Examination ofPatients, Physical Diagnosis, the use of the Microscope, iPathology of the Urine, Surgical Appliances, Ba.ndR.ges,Surface markings, &c. The fees payable to the Fmal :Examination shall be,-for the whole Examination, 12,for re-entry in all subjects after rejection, £6 : On enteringfor each division of subjects separately, £4, on re entry iueach division after rejection. £2.There are six periods of Examination annually, four in

Edinburgh and two in Glasgow, and candidates may presentthemselves at either examining centre irrespective of theplace of the previous examination. The Registrar in Edin.burgh is Mr. J. Robertson, 1, George-square ; and theRegistrar in Glasgow, Mr. A. Duncan, 212, St. Vincent-street, to whom fees and certificates must be sent.

ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS AND ROYALCOLLEGE OF SURGEONS IN IRELAND.

Two sets of regulations are at present in force, underwhich examinations take place for the conjoint diploma ofthese badies. The older regulations, under which studentswho commenced their studies before Oct. 1st, 1891, maybe examined, have appeared in our Sdudpnbs’ N am her inprevious years, and wilt be found on pp. 477 and 478 of oursecond volume of 1888. The following regulations are

obligatory on all students commencing on or after the datealready mentioned

PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION AND REGISTRATION.

Every candidate for the Conjoint Examinations of theColleges shall produce evidence-(a) cf having, beforeentering on medical studies, passed a Preliminary Exami-nation in general education recognised by the GmeralMedical Council; and (b) of having bpen registered by that’Council as a Student in Medicine. Each candidate beforereceiving his diplomas must produce a registrar’s certificateor other satisfactory evidence that he has attained the ageof twenty-one years.Preliminary Examination.—The subjects for examination

are identical with those prescribed for the PreliminaryExamination by the General Council of Medical Educationand Registration, fx’;ept that it includes the additionalsubject of Physics, which may be passed at the PreliminaryExamination or at a subsequent Supplemental Examina-tion, at an extra fee of :E1 1 ls. In no case can Physics bedeferred to the First Professional Examination.

PROFESSIONAL EXAMINATIONS.

Every candidate is required to pass four ProfessionalExaminations, one at the end of each year of his profes-sional studies. No candidate shall be admitted to the Finalour Qualifying Examination within three months of hisrejection at the Final or Qualifying Examination by anyother licensing body. All examinations shall be conductedas far as possible by demonstration of objects placed beforethe candidates.

First Professional Examination.—Every candidate is re-quired, before admission to the First Professional Examina-tion, to produce evidence-(1) of having passed in the subjectsof the Preliminary Examination, including Physics ; (2) ofhaving been registered as a medical student by the GeneralMedical Council; and (3) ofhavingatbended in winteracourseof (a) lectures on Practical Anatomy, (b) Demonstrationsand Dissections, and (c) lectures on Theoretical Chemistry,{d) Practical Chemistry, three months’ summer course,,(e) Practical Pharmacy-(1) evidence of attendarce forthree months in the Compounding Department of a ClinicalHospital, which hospital shall have satisfied the Committeeof Management that its means of instruction are sufficient,and shall return to the Committee the names of ibs studentsat the commencement of the course, together with a recordof their attendance at its close ; or (2) evidence of attend-ance on a course of Practical Pharmacy in a recognisedMedical School, the course to consist of not less than twentydemonstrations; or (3) evidence of having served a fullapprenticeship of three years, or of having acted as paidassistant for not less than one year in the establishment ofa Licentiate Apothecary or of a registered Pharmaceutical

CiJemtst.J4 The fee for this examination is £15 15s. Thesubjects of the First Professional Examination are thefollowing :—1. Chemistry : Elementary Chemistry-In.organic and Organic, as found in Roscoe’s Lassons on Ele-mentary Chemistry—with a practical examination in the

Laboratory. 2. Anatomy : Bones, with attachments ofMuscles and Ligaments—Joints. 3. Pharmacy : PracticalPharmacy, Dispensing of Drugs, Methods of Administrationof Medicine", Reading of Prescriptions.

Second Professional Lixai2tincttion -Everv candidate is

required, before admts&ion to the Second Professional Ex-amination, to produce evidence of having passed the FusoProfessional Examination ; also certificates of having, inhis second or a later year of professional study, attended-(1) A Medico-Chirurgical Hospital for nine months, togetherwich evidence of having taken notes to the satisfaction ofthe physicians or surgeons in charge of the cases, aLdcerbified under their hands, of at leasa three Medical casesard three Surgical cases in the wards of a recognisedMedico-Chirurgical Hospital. (2) Courses of Lectures as

follow :-Winter courses: Practical Anatomy ; Demon-strations and Dissections. Summer Courses (three months) :fli.ct,)Iogv ; Materia Medica. The fee for this examinationis 910 10s. The subjects of the Second Professional Ex-amination are the following—1. Anatomy: The Anatomyof the whole Human Body. 2. Histology 3 HospitalPractice : Methods of Physical Diagnosis ; Application ofUrinary Tests ; General Principles of the Treatment ofFractures, of Dislocarions of Wounds and of Hsemorrhages;Bandaging ; General Principles of Case-taking. 4 Physio-logy : Circulation ; Respiration ; Digestion. 5. MateriaMedica Candidates are examined on three separate daye.

Third Professional Examination.—Every candidate is re-quited, before admission to the Third Professional Examina-tion, to produce evidence of having passed the Second Pro-fessional Examination ; also certificates of having in histhird, or a later, year of professional study attended—(1) AMedico-Chirurgical Hospital for nine months, or acted forsix months as resident pupil, together with evidence ofhaving taken notes to the satisfaction of the physicians andsurgeons in charge of the cases, and certified under theirbands, of at least three Medical cases aLd three Surgicalcases in the wards of a recognised Medico-Chirurgical Hos-pital. (2) C juries of Lectureg as follow :- Winter courses:Demonstrations and Dissections ; Medicine ; Surgery ;Physiology. Sammercourse (three months) : Medical Juris-prudence. The fee for this examination is jE9 9s. Thesubjects for the Third Professional Examination are thefollowing :-1. Anatomy : Surgical Anatomy. 2. Surgery :Surgery as in the Second Professional Examination ; also In-flammation, with its varieties and consequences ; Fractures ;Dislocations ; Injuries, mechanical, chemical, physical-their immediate and remote effects ; Hernia ; Surgical Dis.eases of Bloodvessels ; Diseases of Bones; Diseases of Joints;Pysemia; Septiesemia. 3. Medicine : Medicine as in theSecond Professional Fxamination; also Diseases of the Hearband Circalat01Y System. of the Respiratory Apparatus, ofthe Abdominal Cavity, t f the Skin; the Exanthema ; andthe Continued Fevers. 4. Physiology.Fourth or Final Professional Examination.—Every can-

didate is required before admission to the Fmal Examina-tion to proauce evidence-(1) of having passed the ThirdProfessional Examination ; (2) of having in his fourth or

, a later year of professional study (a) aùtended a Medico-Cbirargical Hospital for nine months as extern pupil, oracted for six months as resident pupil, unless a certificateto that effeeb has been asceptpd in the third year; (b)15 a

, winter course of lectures on Midwifery ; Certificates willalso be required—(1) Of havirg attended a recognised mid.

, wifery hospital or maternity tor six months in the winter, or summer of the fourth year, with evidence of having been

present ab thirty labours. (2) Of having for not less thanl three months, in either the third or fourth year, studied: fever in a recognised clinical hospital containing fever, wards, and recorded from daily personal observation at! least five cases of fever to the satisfaction of the attending

clinical physician, as attested by his signature. For thepurposes of this regulation the word "fever" is held to

14 Licentiate Apothecaries and Licentiates of the PharmaceuticalSocieties of Great Britain and Ireland are exempt from attendance onPractical Pharmacy.

’ 15 On and after July lst, 1891, a certificate of having attended acourse of lectures on Pathology will be required in addition to theabove-named lectures.

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include the following diseases only-viz., typhus, typhoidor enteric fever, scarlet fever, smallpox and measles.(3) Of having attended a course of Operative Surgery in thesummer session of either the third or the fourth year. (4) Ofhaving attended, at a recognised ophthalmic and auralhospital or at a recognised ophthalmic and aural depart.ment of a general hospital, clinical lectures on Ophthalmicand Aural Surgery during a period of three months. Thefee for this examination is f6 6s. The subjects for theFourth or Final Examination are the following-1. Medi-cine. 2. Surgery. 3. Therapeutics. 4. Pathology. 5 Mid.wifery and Dlli1e:loses peculiar to Women. 6. ForensicMedicine in references to Medicine, Surgery and Mid-wifery ; Hygiene. 7. Ophthalmic and Aural Surgery.16Candidates may present themselves for examination in allthe subjects of the Final Examination at the same term ;0", at one term, in Medicine, including Therapeutics andPathology and Clinical Medicine; at a second term, inSurgery, including Therapeutics and Pathology, Ophthalmicand Aural Surgery, Climcal Surgery and Operations ; at athird term, Midwifery, Gynaecology, Fjrenaic Medicineand Hygiene. Candidates must pay the full fee beforebeing admitted to any part of the Examination. Can-didares may take the groups in any order they please. Nocandidate will receive any diploma till the ensue examina-tion is completed.

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SOCIETY OF APOTHECARIES OF LONDON.

Every sliuaenu purposing to sliuay .lV.LemCllle mustj pre-viously pass a Preliminary Examination in Arts qualifyingfor registration as medical student.The examination to be passed for the Diploma in Medicine,

Surgery and Midwifery, which is registrable under the pro-visions of the Medical Act, 1886, are Primary and Final, allbeing written, oral and practical. The Primary Examina-tions are held quarterly on the first Wednesday and on theMonday and Thursday of the same week in the months ofJanuary, April, July and October. The Final Examinationsare held monthly, and consist of—(1) the examination inSurgery on the second Wednesday and following days ; (2) theexamination in Medicine and in Midwifery on the thirdWednesday and on the Monday and Thursday of the sameweek. The course of medical study must extend over fouryears, and not less than three winter and two summersessions must be passed at a recognised hospital and schoolof medicine. Candidates intending to present themselvesfor examination must give fourteen days’ notice. A formfor the purpose will be sent on application. The fee mutbe forwarded at the same time, with all required certifi-cates, to the secretary. The entire fee for the examinationsis E10 10s., which in the event of failure is not returned.A fee of E3 3s. is required for every re-examination.The course of study required to qualify for the Primary

Examinations is as follows :-Lectures on Chemistry andChemical Physics, not less than six months; PracticalChemistry, three months; Materia Medica, three months;Pharmacy and Dispensing, three months, instruction inwhich must be given by a registered medical practitioner;by a member of the Pharmaceutical Society ; or in a publichospital, infirmary, or dispensary. Evidence of having Ie-ceived instruction in these subjects before registration asmedical students will be received. The first of the PrimaryExaminations may be passed at any period after registration.The second includes Anatomy, Physiology, and Histology ;to qualify for this examination the candidate must havereceived instruction in Anatomy, not less than six months ;Practical Anatomy with Demonstrations, twelve months;Physiology, six months; Histology with Demonstrations,three months. Candidates will be excused any or all of thesubjects of the Primary on producing evidence that theyhave passed equivalent examinations before an examiningbody recognised by the Medical Council. Both examina-tions of the Primary may be passed the same evening.To qualify for the Final Examinations the following course

of study must be observed : Hospital Praebice, Surgical andMedical, with Post-mortem Examinations, not less than

16 Students who commenced study before July, 1879, are exempt fromboth the certificate for study and the special Ophthalmic Examination,but are liable to be examined by the surgical examiners in OphthalmicSurgery. Those who commenced before February, 1882, are exemptfrom the special examination, on producing the certificate of threemonths’ clinical ophthalmology required before that date. Those whocommenced after February, 1882, must pass the special examination.

three winter and two summer sessions. No hospital is

recognised for this purpose which is not in connexionwith an established medical school. Lectures on thePrinciples and Practice of Surgery, six months; PracticalSurgery, three months ; Clinical Surgical Lecture?, ninemonths ; Surgical Dresser, three months; Lectures on thePrinciples and Practice of Medicine, six months; Patho.logy, three month!’; Clinical Medical Lectures, nine months;Medical Clinical Cleik, three months; Forensic Medicine,Hygiene, and Insanity, three months; Lectures on Ob.stetric Medicine, including Gynæcology, three months;Clinical Instruction in the same, three months ; a Course ofPractical Midwifery ; attendance on Twenty MidwiferyCases. The offices of Dresser and Clinical Clerk may bedischarged at a hospital, infirmary, or dispensary wheresufficient opportunities are afforded for the acquirement ofpractical knowledge.The following regulations will apply to students who

were registered on o subsequent to January 1st, 1882 :—The examinations are : primary, held quarterly; inter-

mediarp, held monthly ; and final, held monthly.The Primary Examination consists of two parts.Part 1. includes Elementary Biology. Chemistry; the

Principles of the Science which bear on the study ofMedicine. Chemical Physics, including the ElementaryMechanics of solids and fluids; Heat, Light, and Elee-tricitv. Practical Chemistry. Materia Medica, includingthe Botany of the Pharmacopœia. Pharmacy and Pre.scriptions. Part If. includes Anatomy, Physiology andHistology. The Intermediate Examination also consists oftwo paros, the first of which includes the Principles andPractice of Surgery, Surgical Pathology and SurgicalAnatomy. The second part includes (a) the Principlesand Practice of Medicine, including Therapeutics andPharmacology. Pathology and Morbid Histology; (b)Forensic Medicine, Hygiene, Theory and Practice ofVaccination, and Mental Diseases. The Final EXl1.mina.tion consists of three parts. Part I. includes an Exami.nation of Surgical Cases, Operative Manipulation andSurgical Anatomy, and Instruments and Appliance!.Part II. includes an Examination of Medical Cases andMedical Anatomy. Part III. includes : Midwifery, Gynæ-cology and Diseases of New-born Children, and Ub;tebricInstruments and Appliance. This examination cannot bepassed before the t nd of the fifth year.The examination for a Certificate to aeb as an Assistant

in Compounding and Dispensing Medicines is held on thefourth Wednesday of every month, and will be as follows:In Translating and Dispensing Prescriptions ; in the BritishPharmacopoeia ; in Materia Medica and Botany ; in Phar.macy and Pharmaceutic Chemistry. A week’s notice musbbe given, with the fee of 2 guineas.

Prizes.—A Gold Medal and a Silver Medal are givenannually 1 y the Society for proficiency in Materia liledicaand Pharmaceutic Chemistry.A Gold and a Silver Medal are also given for proficiency in

Botany. The examination will take place in the month ofJune. Female candidates can compete.Due notice of these examinations will be given in the

medical journals.Tickets of admission to the Lactureq on Botany, given by

J. G. Baker, Esq., F.RS., F.L.S., of Kew, an the Society’sGarden at Chelsea, during the months of May, June, andJuly, can he had on application.Attendance is given daily at the Hall of the Society,

Blackfriars, E. C., from 10 to 4 o’clock, Saturdays excepted.

ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS IN IRELAND ANDTHE APOTHECARIES’ HALL OF IRELAND.

Every candidate for the Conjoint Diplomas is required topass a Preliminary Examination and four ProfessionalExaminations.

First Professional Examination.—Candidates will be re-

quired, before admission to the First Professional Examina.tion, to produce evidence-1. Of having been registered bythe Medical Council as medical students at least nine. monthsbefore examinabion. 2. Of having attended (a) PracticalAnatomv, (b) Chemistry, (c) Demonstrations and Dissec-tions, (d) Practical Chemistry, (e) Physics, (f) PracticalPharmacy, for three months in the Componndwg Depart.ment of a Clinical Hospital, or a School of Pharmacy, or inthe Compounding Establishment of a Licentiate Apothecary.