Rules Of Origin Governing Market Access In Textiles And Apparel Under Various Types Of Reciprocal...

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Weaving the Fabric of Regional Cooperation for a Competitive Garment Sector 1-2 June 2005Beijing, China

Session 4Market Access for Asian and Pacific

Exports and Rules of Origin

William JamesTrade Economist

Growth through Investment and TradeIndonesia

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PreferentialRules of Origin

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Preferential Trade Agreements

• Non-Reciprocal Preference Agreements (i.e., GSP, AGOA, EBA)

• Limited Preferential Agreements (e.g., European Iron and Coal Community, US-Canada Auto Pact)

• Free Trade Agreements• Customs Unions• Common Markets

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Preferential rules of origin

• Rules of origin are essential in preferential trading– Establish criteria for determining the country

or customs territory from which a product originates

– Allow customs authorities to distinguish between goods that are and are not eligible for preferential treatment

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Rules of origin are to prevent trade deflection in FTAs

• A FTA differs fundamentally from a customs union in that member countries independently set external tariffs against imports from non-members.

• If an FTA were to be established without rules of origin, all imports from non-members would enter through the customs territory with the lowest tariff, effectively making the FTA a customs union with the common external tariff being that of the member with the lowest tariff.

• If AFTA were not enforced by rules of origin, it would mean ASEAN had become a customs union with Singapore's external tariff.

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No binding WTO disciplines on preferential rules of origin

• WTO has yet to establish clear guidelines or disciplines over rules of origin in preferential trade agreements

• Rules of origin governing market access in textiles and apparel under various types of reciprocal and non-reciprocal preferential trade agreements have often been designed to be particularly restrictive

• For example, NAFTA applies a “yarn-forward” rule that requires that all inputs used in weaving, knitting, dyeing, and finishing fabric as well as forming, cutting and sewing apparel items be done within the member states; in some cases, even the fibers used to spin the yarn must originate within the member states

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Preferential rules of origin

• Rules of origin determine the eligibility of products for tariff preferences under various types of trade agreements– Under the NAFTA, Mexico won quota-free access to the United

States market for textiles and apparel in exchange for acceptance of the “yarn-forward” rule

– Canada was granted a generous increase in tariff rate quotas for woolen suits (i.e., duty-free access up to a cap)

– The European Communities (EC) rules of origin are slightly less restrictive than the “yarn-forward” rule, but still benefit producers using fabrics originating in the member states

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Preferential rules of origin (continued)

• Preferential trade agreements could alter global trade patterns in textiles and apparel significantly, to the advantage of members and to the disadvantage of non-members

• This can be seen by comparing– Markets employing preferences with those that do not

– Performance of products that have highly restrictive rules of origin (textiles and apparel) with those that do not (footwear, electronics)

– Performance of quota-markets with quota-free markets

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Improving preferential rules of origin

• New preferential trade agreements entered into by the United States and European Communities allow for some flexibility.

• Under the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) “least developed members” are entitled to produce apparel for export to the United States from non-originating fabric, subject to a cap.

• The “yarn-forward” rule of origin applies to U.S. Free Trade Agreements with Singapore, Chile and Morocco. However, for Jordan, only a single transformation rule is used.

• Some new FTAs between the United States and Central American countries and between the EC and Mediterranean countries allow for “cumulation.”

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Economic costs of rules of origin

• Administering rules of origin imposes costs on firms and governments. Meeting EC requirements for preferential duties was estimated to cost EFTA-based firms 3-5% of the value of the goods involved; similar calculations have been made for CER.

• Too-restrictive rules of origin may lead to non-compliance and defeat the purpose of preferential agreements—trade expansion.

• Rules of origin may themselves lead to trade diversion, particularly when combined with high margins of preference.

• Lobbying over rules may divert firms from productive economic activities into unproductive rent-seeking.

• Proliferation of overlapping systems of rules may distort trade.• Hence, simplification and harmonization of preferential rules of origin is

part of the future program of work for the WTO.

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Table 1. US Imports of Cotton Apparel: Q1 2005 vs. Q1 2004 (vol. in mil. sq. meter equivalents)

Country/Customs Territory Q1 2004 Q1 2005 % Change Market Share %2004 2005

Major Asia-Pacific SuppliersChina 100.573 413.737 311.38 4.03 14.10India 110.290 165.692 50.23 4.42 5.65Bangladesh 115.736 156.206 34.97 4.64 5.32Pakistan 88.903 127.857 43.82 3.56 4.36Cambodia 90.172 99.948 10.84 3.61 3.41Indonesia 66.516 97.627 46.77 2.66 3.33Vietnam 92.055 95.748 4.01 3.69 3.26Sri Lanka 55.995 80.408 43.60 2.24 2.74Philippines 74.003 76.595 3.50 2.96 2.61Hong Kong, China 106.277 76.523 -28.00 4.26 2.61Thailand 53.567 69.591 29.91 2.15 2.37Republic of Korea 38.556 35.424 -8.12 1.54 1.21Macau, China 36.982 34.631 -6.39 1.48 1.18Malaysia 27.697 30.407 9.78 1.11 1.04Taiwan, province of China 28.387 23.693 -16.28 1.14 0.81

Minor Asia-Pacific SuppliersBrunei Darrusalam 12.840 10.717 -16.53 0.51 0.37Mongolia 11.496 7.370 -35.89 0.46 0.25Nepal 10.204 5.454 -46.55 0.41 0.19Iran 0.272 0.008 -97.04 0.01 0.00

Sub-Total Asia-Pacific Suppliers 1120.521 1607.636 40.11 47.65 56.79Excluding China 1019.948 1193.899 17.05 40.85 40.68

Other Non-Preferential SuppliersTurkey 69.096 59.089 -14.48 2.77 2.01Brazil 7.251 5.880 -19.00 0.29 0.20Argentina 0.256 0.111 -55.86 0.01 0.00

Sub-Total of Non-Preferential Suppliers 1197.124 1672.716 28.43 47.95 56.99Excluding China 1096.551 1258.979 14.81 43.92 42.90

Preferential SuppliersCBI 670.019 728.231 8.69 26.84 24.81Mexico 233.488 220.931 -5.38 9.35 7.53AGOA 83.246 81.796 -1.74 3.33 2.79Jordan 36.684 46.821 27.63 1.47 1.60ANDEAN 44.968 46.058 2.42 1.80 1.57Egypt 35.771 33.641 -5.95 1.43 1.15Canada 26.895 11.436 -57.48 1.08 0.39Israel 13.604 7.369 -45.83 0.54 0.25Singapore 7.532 6.672 -11.42 0.30 0.23Australia 3.329 1.286 -61.37 0.13 0.04Morocco 1.256 0.697 -44.51 0.04 0.02

Sub-Total of Preferential Suppliers 1156.792 1184.938 2.43 46.31 40.38

World Total 2496.560 2934.876 17.56 100.00 100.00

Source: US Department of Commerce, OTEXA Office, Preliminary Estimates of Volume of Imports.

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Table 2. US Imports of Man-Made Fiber Apparel: Q1 2005 vs. Q1 2004(vol. in mil. sq. meter equivalents)


Major Asia-Pacific SuppliersChina 141.844 377.985 166.48 9.25 22.38Indonesia 109.660 104.369 -4.83 7.15 6.18Bangladesh 80.935 83.609 3.30 5.28 4.95Vietnam 52.737 67.412 27.83 3.44 3.99Taiwan province of China 89.457 61.367 -31.40 5.83 3.63Thailand 50.125 51.535 2.81 3.27 3.05Cambodia 44.098 51.323 16.38 2.87 3.04Republic of Korea 74.967 46.715 -37.69 4.89 2.77India 41.828 40.888 -2.25 2.73 2.42Sri Lanka 49.567 40.729 -17.83 3.23 2.41Philippines 45.842 39.686 -13.43 2.99 2.35Macau, China 53.824 29.293 -45.58 3.51 1.73Hong Kong, China 49.298 27.235 -44.75 3.21 1.61Pakistan 24.402 20.100 -17.63 1.59 1.19Malaysia 13.707 14.888 8.62 0.89 0.88

Minor Asia-Pacific SuppliersMongolia 1.175 1.317 12.09 0.08 0.08Nepal 0.754 0.537 -28.78 0.05 0.03Brunei Darrusalam 0.306 0.054 -82.35 0.02 0.00

Sub-Total Asia-Pacific Suppliers 924.526 1059.042 13.30 61.50 63.29Excluding China 782.682 681.057 -12.98 51.02 40.32

Other Non-Preferential SuppliersTurkey 19.022 9.993 -47.47 1.24 0.59Brazil 2.317 2.094 -9.62 0.15 0.12Argentina 0.083 0.139 67.47 0.01 0.01

Sub-Total of Non-Preferential Suppliers 945.948 1071.268 13.25 61.66 63.42Excluding China 804.104 693.283 -13.78 52.41 41.04

Preferential SuppliersCBI 222.252 244.233 9.89 14.49 14.46Mexico 220.150 205.671 -6.58 14.35 12.18AGOA 26.638 28.327 6.44 1.74 1.68Jordan 14.292 25.968 81.70 0.93 1.54Canada 44.532 20.041 -55.00 2.90 1.19Israel 16.270 18.666 14.73 1.06 1.11ANDEAN 12.844 13.574 5.68 0.84 0.80Egypt 5.980 8.002 33.81 0.39 0.47Singapore 1.845 2.603 41.08 0.12 0.15Morocco 2.574 1.012 -60.68 0.17 0.06Australia 0.344 0.371 8.08 0.02 0.02

Sub-Total of Preferential Suppliers 567.721 568.468 0.13 37.00 33.65

World Total 1534.183 1689.121 10.10 100.00 100.00


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Table 3. US Imports of Cotton Textiles: Q1 2005 vs. Q1 2004 (vol. in mil. sq. meter equivalents)


Major Asia-Pacific SuppliersPakistan 166.545 164.764 -18.82 32.24 32.09China 54.336 74.612 37.32 10.52 14.53Republic of Korea 22.661 34.988 54.40 4.39 6.82Thailand 22.012 25.862 17.49 4.26 5.04Indonesia 28.184 22.880 -18.82 5.46 4.46India 11.671 13.295 13.91 2.26 2.59Malaysia 18.844 10.517 -44.19 3.65 2.05Taiwan province of China 4.811 3.962 -17.65 0.93 0.77Hong Kong, China 2.631 1.920 -27.02 0.51 0.37Philippines 5.533 1.520 -72.53 1.07 0.30

Minor Asia-Pacific SuppliersVietnam 1.583 0.580 -63.36 0.31 0.11Sri Lanka 0.332 0.386 16.29 0.06 0.08Bangladesh 2.486 0.005 -99.80 0.48 0.00


Other Non-Preferential SuppliersBrazil 18.115 9.616 -46.92 3.51 1.87Turkey 3.405 5.923 73.95 0.66 1.15Argentina 1.177 0.004 -99.66 0.23 0.00


Preferential SuppliersMexico 59.201 42.645 -27.97 11.46 8.31Canada 47.264 35.739 -24.38 9.15 6.96Egypt 8.517 8.818 3.53 1.65 1.72CBI 5.866 3.050 -48.01 1.14 0.59Israel 1.088 1.305 19.94 0.21 0.25ANDEAN 0.342 0.347 1.46 0.07 0.07Australia 0.000 0.210 na 0.00 0.04Morocco 0.204 0.000 -100.00 0.04 0.00AGOA 0.256 0.008 -96.88 0.05 0.00

Sub-Total of Preferential Suppliers 122.738 92.122 -24.94 23.76 17.94

World Total 516.502 513.384 -0.60 100.00 100.00


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Table 4. US Imports of Man-Made Fiber Textiles: Q1 2005 vs. Q1 2004 (vol. in mil. sq. meter equivalents)Country/Customs Territory Q1 2004 Q1 2005 % Change Market Share %

2004 2005Major Asia-Pacific Suppliers

Republic of Korea 61.628 94.620 55.16 8.55 11.83China 25.197 50.916 102.07 3.49 6.37Indonesia 38.181 33.564 -12.09 5.29 4.20India 8.521 30.470 257.59 1.18 3.81Pakistan 27.936 28.339 1.44 3.87 3.54Taiwan province of China 15.464 27.004 74.62 2.14 3.38Thailand 33.242 26.341 -20.76 4.61 3.29Malaysia 9.323 14.757 58.29 1.29 1.84Philippines 24.334 6.623 -72.78 3.37 0.83

Minor Asia-Pacific SuppliersHong Kong, China 0.944 4.914 420.55 0.13 0.61Vietnam 6.481 4.303 -33.61 0.90 0.54Sri Lanka 8.983 3.256 -63.75 1.25 0.41Cambodia 0.729 0.363 -50.21 0.10 0.05

Sub-Total Asia-Pacific Suppliers 260.963 325.470 20.73 36.19 40.69Excluding China 235.766 274.554 16.45 32.69 34.32

Other Non-Preferential SuppliersTurkey 23.302 17.734 -23.89 3.23 2.22Brazil 5.546 8.028 44.75 0.77 1.00Argentina 0.060 0.048 -20.00 0.01 0.01

Sub-Total of Non-Preferential Suppliers 289.871 351.280 21.18 40.19 43.92Excluding China 264.674 300.364 13.48 36.70 37.55

Preferential SuppliersCanada 210.379 134.749 -35.95 29.17 16.85Mexico 81.897 69.151 -15.56 11.36 8.65Israel 2.580 4.111 59.34 0.36 0.51Egypt 2.469 2.617 5.99 0.34 0.33CBI 1.830 1.379 -24.64 0.25 0.17ANDEAN 0.295 1.049 255.59 0.04 0.13Australia 2.162 0.344 -84.09 0.30 0.04AGOA 0.783 0.294 -62.45 0.11 0.04Morocco 0.015 0.137 813.33 0.00 0.02Singapore 0.169 0.010 -93.97 0.02 0.00


World Total 721.164 799.884 10.92 100.00 100.00


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Table 5. US Imports of Blended Textiles: Q1 2005 vs. Q1 2004 (vol. in mil. sq. meter equivalents)Country/Customs Territory Q1 2004 Q1 2005 % Change Market Share %


Republic of Korea 260.477 230.785 -11.40 14.80 12.42China 106.673 211.707 98.46 6.06 11.40Taiwan province of China 92.822 87.817 -5.39 5.27 4.73Pakistan 57.762 48.287 -16.40 3.28 2.60India 29.764 39.083 31.31 1.69 2.10Thailand 23.002 20.476 -10.98 1.31 1.10Hong Kong, China 7.766 16.946 118.21 0.44 0.91Indonesia 11.351 15.918 40.23 0.64 0.86

Minor Asia-Pacific SuppliersVietnam 2.003 3.966 98.00 0.11 0.21Malaysia 17.088 2.734 -84.00 0.97 0.15Philippines 3.060 2.116 -30.85 0.17 0.11Sri Lanka 0.919 0.775 -15.67 0.05 0.04Cambodia 0.072 0.000 -100.00 0.00 0.00


Other Non-Preferential SuppliersTurkey 35.328 52.882 49.99 2.01 2.85Brazil 30.981 32.168 3.83 1.76 1.73Argentina 5.614 2.639 -52.99 0.32 0.14


Preferential SuppliersCanada 375.971 237.789 -36.75 21.36 12.80Mexico 153.797 159.979 4.02 8.74 8.61Israel 130.366 136.358 4.60 7.41 7.34CBI 10.481 10.222 -2.47 0.60 0.55Egypt 7.919 5.264 -33.53 0.45 0.28ANDEAN 3.510 4.267 21.57 0.20 0.23Australia 4.696 3.273 -30.30 0.27 0.18AGOA 2.803 1.606 -42.70 0.16 0.09Morocco 0.020 0.018 -10.00 0.00 0.00Singapore 0.000 0.002 na 0.00 0.00Jordan 0.043 0.000 -100.00 0.00 0.00


World Total 1759.945 1857.789 5.56 100.00 100.00


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Table 6. US Imports of Baby Apparel of Blended Fabrics (vol. in mil. sq. meter equivalents)Country/Customs Territory Q1 2004 Q1 2005 % Change Market Share %

2004 2005

Major Asia-Pacific SuppliersChina 98.819 111.165 12.71 53.58 59.08Thailand 16.609 15.197 -8.50 9.01 8.08Philippines 7.007 7.573 8.08 3.80 4.02India 5.408 6.991 29.27 2.93 3.72Vietnam 3.598 5.222 45.14 1.95 2.78Bangladesh 6.104 5.201 -14.79 3.31 2.76Indonesia 4.284 4.616 7.75 2.32 2.45Malaysia 3.680 2.609 -29.10 2.00 1.39Sri Lanka 2.419 2.361 -2.40 1.31 1.25Cambodia 1.911 1.751 -8.37 1.04 0.93Pakistan 2.130 1.574 -26.10 1.15 0.84Republic of Korea 1.272 1.160 -8.81 0.69 0.62

Minor Asia-Pacific SuppliersHong Kong, China 1.274 0.960 -24.65 0.69 0.51Taiwan province of China 1.067 0.392 -63.26 0.58 0.21Macau, China 0.464 0.373 -19.61 0.25 0.20Nepal 0.215 0.155 -27.91 0.12 0.08Brunei 0.131 0.068 -48.08 0.07 0.04Mongolia 0.064 0.000 -100.00 0.03 0.00


Other Non-Preferential Suppliers

Turkey 0.579 0.492 -15.03 0.31 0.26Brazil 0.049 0.077 57.14 0.03 0.04Argentina 0.071 0.035 -50.70 0.04 0.02


Preferential SuppliersCBI 12.561 7.088 -43.57 6.81 3.77Mexico 4.640 4.273 -7.91 2.52 2.27AGOA 1.354 1.538 13.59 0.73 0.82ANDEAN 1.768 1.396 -21.04 0.96 0.74Egypt 1.463 1.504 2.80 0.79 0.80Jordan 0.023 0.135 486.96 0.01 0.07Canada 0.214 0.115 -46.26 0.12 0.06Israel 0.137 0.102 -25.55 0.07 0.05Morocco 0.092 0.073 -20.65 0.05 0.04Australia 0.008 0.012 50.00 0.00 0.01Singapore 0.119 0.009 -92.44 0.06 0.00


World Total 184.438 188.165 2.02 100.00 100.00


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Table 7. US Imports of Apparel: Jan-Feb 2005 vs. Jan-Feb 2004 (val. in 000 US$, current prices)Country/Customs Territory Jan-Feb 2004 Jan-Feb 2005 % Change Market Share %


China 1,500,389 2,634,115 75.56 7.61 23.61India 375,139 499,277 33.09 1.90 4.48Hong Kong, China 570,605 481,441 -15.63 2.89 4.32Indonesia 410,143 445,901 8.72 2.08 4.00Vietnam 335,875 399,541 18.96 1.70 3.58Bangladesh 289,396 325,748 12.56 1.47 2.92Thailand 266,910 314,575 17.86 1.35 2.82Sri Lanka 250,889 299,208 19.26 1.27 2.68Philippines 300,358 285,005 -5.11 1.52 2.55Cambodia 230,612 253,783 10.05 1.17 2.27Republic of Korea 278,972 225,104 -19.31 1.41 2.02Taiwan province of China 221,374 197,122 -10.96 1.12 1.77Macau, China 208,718 180,251 -13.64 1.06 1.62Pakistan 157,120 174,449 11.03 0.80 1.56Malaysia 111,772 105,088 -5.98 0.57 0.94

Minor Asia-Pacific SuppliersBrunei 36,696 30,395 -17.17 0.19 0.27Mongolia 25,128 21,110 -15.99 0.13 0.19Nepal 22,278 11,105 -50.15 0.11 0.10Maldives 10,751 4,695 -56.33 0.05 0.04

Sub-Total Asia-Pacific Suppliers 5,603,126 6,887,914 22.93 28.40 61.74Excluding China 4,102,737 4,253,798 3.68 20.80 38.13

Other Non-Preferential SuppliersTurkey 166,554 167,801 0.75 0.84 1.50Russia 59,786 18,595 -68.90 0.30 0.17Brazil 21,520 17,743 -17.55 0.11 0.16

Sub-Total Non-Preferential Suppliers 5,850,985 7,092,052 21.21 29.66 63.57Excluding China 4,350,596 4,457,937 2.47 22.05 39.96

Preferential SuppliersMexico 1,003,266 948,406 -5.47 5.09 8.50Canada 258,615 222,458 -13.98 1.31 1.99Jordan 133,071 173,413 30.32 0.67 1.55Egypt 70,169 70,270 0.14 0.36 0.63Israel 62,740 54,763 -12.71 0.32 0.49Singapore 33,713 33,582 -0.39 0.17 0.30Australia 23,565 16,258 -31.01 0.12 0.15Morocco 12,314 9,114 -25.99 0.06 0.08CBI 1,321,038 1,402,106 6.14 6.70 12.57AGOA 240,752 268,009 11.32 1.22 2.40ANDEAN 192,268 225,988 17.54 0.97 2.03

Sub-Total Preferential Suppliers 3,351,510 3,424,368 2.17 16.99 30.69

World 19,727,812 11,156,617 -43.45 100.00 100.00Excluding China 18,227,423 8,522,502 -53.24 92.39 76.39

Source: United States International Trade Commission Dataweb, www.usitc.gov

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Table 8. US Imports of Textiles: Jan-Feb 2005 vs. Jan-Feb 2004 (val. in 000 US$, current prices)Country/Customs Territory Jan-Feb 2004 Jan-Feb 2005 % Change Market Share %


China 68,525 82,717 20.71 13.17 15.85Pakistan 63,765 52,544 -17.60 12.25 10.07Republic of Korea 45,768 44,791 -2.14 8.79 8.58India 23,764 24,821 4.45 4.57 4.76Taiwan province of China 33,241 35,473 6.71 6.39 6.80Japan 26,761 24,266 -9.32 5.14 4.65Thailand 12,054 11,607 -3.70 2.32 2.22Indonesia 7,623 10,029 31.55 1.46 1.92

Minor Asia-Pacific SuppliersHong Kong, China 9,210 6,161 -33.10 1.77 1.18Malaysia 2,163 3,004 38.84 0.42 0.58Vietnam 1,463 1,362 -6.90 0.28 0.26Philippines 8,768 768 -91.24 1.68 0.15Bangladesh 1,397 755 -45.97 0.27 0.14Cambodia 289 200 -30.97 0.27 0.04Sri Lanka 0 37 0.00 0.00

Sub-Total Asia-Pacific Suppliers 304,792 298,497 -2.07 58.57 57.20Excluding China 236,266 215,780 -8.67 0.05 0.04

Other Non-Preferential SuppliersTurkey 17,750 17,924 0.98 3.41 3.43Brazil 2,210 3,384 53.15 0.42 0.65

Sub-Total of Non-Preferential Suppliers 324,752 319,805 -1.52 62.40 61.28Excluding China 256,226 237,088 -7.47 49.24 45.43

Preferential SuppliersMexico 27,854 34,564 24.09 5.35 6.62Canada 56,463 46,298 -18.00 10.85 8.87Israel 3,965 3,708 -6.49 0.76 0.71Egypt 310 194 -37.37 0.06 0.04Morocco 80 114 41.95 0.02 0.02Australia 164 96 -41.57 0.03 0.02Chile 27 64 135.19 0.01 0.01Singapore 1 0 -100.00 0.00 0.00CBI 696 721 3.60 0.13 0.14AGOA 383 529 38.21 0.07 0.10ANDEAN 238 863 263.32 0.05 0.17

Sub-Total of Preferential Suppliers 90,180 87,151 -3.36 17.33 16.70

World 520,415 521,865 0.28 100.00 100.00Excluding China 451,889 439,148 -2.82 86.83 84.15

Source: United States International Trade Commission Dataweb.

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Table 9. EU Imports of Clothing from China: Q1 2005 versus Q1 2004 (vol. in 1000 units, val. In 1000 Euros)

Product Category Q1 2004 Q1 2005 % change Q1 2004 Q1 2005 % change Unit Price (volume) (value) % change

T-shirts 57,053 150,665 164% 143,643 279,981 95% -26%pullovers 10,251 65,020 534% 66,959 226,755 239% -47%men's trousers 20,326 104,195 413% 88,582 381,245 330% -16%blouses 7,667 21,927 186% 32,709 71,464 118% -24%men's shirts 9,990 20,801 108% 38,987 54,514 40% -33%stockings & socks 25,896 73,414 183% 5,117 11,895 132% -18%men's underpants 160,399 207,866 30% 119,531 126,727 6% -18%men's overcoats 3,751 2,885 -23% 26,590 13,508 -49% -34%women's overcoats 4,997 11,960 139% 47,973 98,054 104% -15%men's suits 5,441 4,254 -22% 48,621 45,470 -6% 20%jackets & blazers 1,024 1,527 49% 9,332 13,457 44% -3%dresses 2,436 5,834 139% 30,392 130,273 329% NAother trousers 28,830 32,396 12% 74,302 51,402 -31% -38%women's suits 5,999 3,530 -41% 54,116 27,500 -49% -14%brassieres 27,132 44,229 63% 69,021 88,101 28% -22%Sub-Total 371,192 750,503 102% 855,875 1,620,346 89% -13%

Source: Customs for Q1 2005, Eurostat for Q1 2004.

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Table 10. EU Imports of Textile Intermediate Products from China: Q1 2005 versus Q1 2004 (vol. in tons, val. In 1000 Euros)

Product Category Q1 2004 Q1 2005 % change Q1 2004 Q1 2005 % change Unit Prices (volume) (value) % change

cotton yarn 580 391 -33% 2,537 1,634 -36% -4%cotton fabrics 8,794 14,048 60% 47,036 58,511 24% -22%MMF fabrics 3,133 3,553 13% 10,623 11,298 6% -6%MMF yarn 2,245 1,951 -13% 5,993 5,539 -8% 6%flax yarn 729 1,098 51% 3,902 5,918 52% 1%woven flax fabric 657 2,348 257% 4,442 15,946 259% 0%Sub-Total 16,138 23,389 45% 74,533 98,846 33% NA

Source: Customs for Q1 2005, Eurostat for Q1 2004.

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Table 11. EU 25 Imports of Clothing from other Asia-Pacific Suppliers: Q1 2005 vs. Q1 2004 (vol. in 1000 units, val. In 1000 Euros)

Product Category Q1 2004 Q1 2005 % change Q1 2004 Q1 2005 % change Unit Price (volume) (value) % change

T-shirts 366,006.0 328,735.5 -10.18 655,646.5 576,210.2 -12.12 -1.94pullovers 83,321.9 64,532.3 -22.55 421,430.6 288,472.5 -31.55 -9.00men's trousers 140,943.1 107,509.2 -23.72 649,479.4 464,420.2 -28.49 -4.77blouses 60,189.4 49,972.4 -16.97 194,389.1 166,001.8 -14.60 2.37men's shirts 69,813.7 51,131.5 -26.76 249,648.4 150,786.8 -39.60 -12.84stockings & socks 46,710.0 166,255.1 255.93 23,141.7 10,039.4 -56.62 -312.55men's underpants 98,968.8 72,869.7 -26.37 71,037.8 45,121.4 -36.48 -10.11men's overcoats 525.4 608.4 15.80 4,313.4 1,536.8 -64.37 -80.17women's overcoats 3,096.5 4,163.3 34.45 31,730.1 28,896.4 -8.93 -43.38men's suits 965.2 421.5 -56.33 3,967.1 2,508.8 -36.76 19.57jackets & blazers 458.1 512.0 11.77 4,920.7 5,176.0 5.19 -6.58dresses 17,692.8 14,671.3 -17.08 79,972.4 65,224.4 -18.44 -1.36other trousers 33,314.6 30,434.6 -8.64 62,170.6 43,407.7 -30.18 -21.54women's suits 5,142.8 1,921.6 -62.64 27,292.5 9,652.1 -64.63 -2.00brassieres 29,053.8 12,542.0 -56.83 78,103.2 35,502.0 -54.54 2.29

Sub-Total 956,202.1 906,280.4 -5.22 2,557,243.5 1,892,956.5 -25.98 NA

Source: Author's Compilations from Customs for Q1 2005, Eurostat for Q1 2004, see Appendix Tables 9A-23A.

22

Table 12. EU 25 Imports of Textile Intermediate Products from other Asia-Pacific Suppliers: Q1 2005 vs. Q1 2004 (vol. in tons, val. In 1000 Euros).

Product Category Q1 2004 Q1 2005 % change Q1 2004 Q1 2005 % change Unit Prices(volume) (value) % change

cotton yarn 24,369.0 28,296.9 16.12 73,834.4 64,399.2 -12.78 NAcotton fabrics 32,685.8 29,825.5 -8.75 116,940.3 93,441.7 -20.09 NAMMF fabrics 30,558.1 35,426.7 15.93 79,116.7 61,751.6 -21.95 NAMMF yarn 17,106.4 10,381.5 -39.31 33,793.0 21,744.8 -35.56 NAflax yarn 52.5 87.0 -39.66 576.1 345.1 -40.09 NAwoven flax fabric 104,771.8 104,017.6 -61.85 304,260.5 241,682.4 -60.68 NA

Sub-Total 209,543.6 208,035.2 -0.72 608,521.0 483,364.8 -20.57 NASource: Author's Compilations from Customs for Q1 2005, Eurostat for Q1 2004, see Appendix Tables 9A-23A.

Date post:	19-Jan-2017
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