Rural to Urban Migration in India

Quick quiz to check your progress!

1. What do we call the place migration begins?2. What do we call factors that prevent movement

even if people want it?3. What factors dominate in the places people go

to?4. What do we call movement back to where you

began?5. What type of migration occurs from one country

to another?6. What is the main reason for migration?7. What type of job is a fisherman?8. What type of job is a person who works in a

shoe shop?9. What type of job is a person who works in a

meat processing works?

Quick quiz to check your progress!

1. What do we call the place migration begins?SOURCE2. What do we call factors that prevent movement even if people

want it?OBSTACLES3. What factors dominate in the places people go to?PULL FACTORS4. What do we call movement back to where you began?COUNTERSTREAM5. What type of migration occurs from one country to another?EXTERNAL MIGRATION6. What is the main reason for migration?JOBS7. What type of job is a fisherman?PRIMARY8. What type of job is a person who works in a shoe shop?TERTIARY9. What type of job is a person who works in a meat processing

works?SECONDARY

Internal Migration in IndiaPut the above title in your book and copy the

following information

The poorest parts of India are in the countryside

The richest parts of India are in cities

Therefore the most common movement is from rural to urban

This is called urbanisation………

Migration Statistics (copy the below information)External Migration is not important in India as it is a poor country Only 6 million or less than 1% of the

population are born overseas. Most of these are illegal migrants from Bangladesh and Nepal.

External migration is more important in New Zealand. Here 23% of the population is born overseas

On a full page in your book rule up the following diagram and title the page INTERNAL MIGRATION IN INDIA

RURALpush factors

URBANpull factors

OBSTACLES

CONSEQUENCES FOR URBAN AREAS

INTERNAL MIGRATION IN INDIA As you go through the power point fill in

the migration model you have drawn with facts you can use.

Try to keep your points brief but look to include statistics you could use in the exam later in the year

72% of People in India live in more than 500,000 villages.

80% of these have fewer than 1,000 people so have few services and are very basic with no infrastructure (electricity or water)

25% of people live below the poverty line

PUSH FACTORS

Many are inaccessible and remote – Kashmir is 1,500m high and 1,000 km from the sea

Land can only be used if terraced

Almost everyone (52% nationally) is a farmer with most growing food for themselves

Everything is done by hand – modern technology is rare

The poor conditions lead to many diseases like TB. There are 57 million malnourished children in India

The little work available for money is hard and physical

There is a strict social structure- most of the land is owned by a few wealthy often city based landlords

Tradition such as the castes structure is strong Lower caste Hindus (untouchables)

protest after being prevented from voting.

Hinduism does not promote a desire for change – they are vary of this as it is not understood

As money is scarce children are sent out to work often as soon as they can walk – India has 17 million children working like this – the highest in the world

Although it is illegal to employ someone under the age of 14 the laws are not enforced

Another problem is the system of family inheritance. Land is divided on death between sons – over time plots

are too small to be of use

Conditions are primitive – cooking is on open fires

Rural schools lack basic equipment and are crowded with 50 to a class as few teachers are available

All advice has to be passed down by word of mouth as many are illiterate – only 46% of women here can read.

Young People especially feel that rural areas do not provide them with enough and if they can they will move

Often families will encourage young people to move to the city for work and send money home

OBSTACLES

However several obstacles must first be overcome. Family resistance

Enough money for the move

Family ties – it is why they are mainly young

Transport to get there

PULL FACTORS

In comparison the city is seen as exciting with more to do

There are more people to meet – New Delhi has a population of 22 million

Facilities are better – it has electricity, water and adequate sanitation (urban– 60%, rural – 25%)

Education is better for all

The health care is better, there are 29 hospitals in Mumbai

Jobs earning money are available

You are not so held back by social attitude and tradition like castes

CONSEQUENCES FOR URBAN AREAS

However the change is not without problems

People arrive with no money so are forced to live in shanty towns or Bustees such as Dharavi in Mumbai

It is estimated that 40% of Mumbai’s 20 million people live like this

The bustees lack any basic facilities and crime and violence are common

While the poor want jobs they are hard to get so are not well paid – sweatshop labour is common

Or you work as for the rich as cheap servants such as doing their laundry

Begging is common

These areas are hit hard in the Monsoon season (July to September) diseases like Cholera are rampant

However what can the government do to solve these problems?

They have no money to rehouse everyone

Plus If they bulldoze them down and replace with smart apartments where do the people go as they cannot afford the rents. Over 2 million Indians are ‘homeless” as it is

Some high rise apartments for poor have been built but they are not popular as rents are still high

Despite all this the cities still have more opportunity than rural areas as money is invested here. Urbanisation is a trend that continues to rise at too fast a rate.