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Rwanda, Humanity Rwanda, Humanity and UNand UN
By Derek C.Department of FinanceDirector of Academic
Affairs
LocationLocation
Profile of Republic of Profile of Republic of RwandaRwanda
A A landlocked landlocked country in country in the Great the Great Lakes Lakes region of region of east-central east-central AfricaAfrica
BorderBorder KigaliKigali
Profile of Republic of RwanProfile of Republic of Rwandada
9 million people9 million people Densest human populations in Densest human populations in
continental Africacontinental Africa Subsist on agricultureSubsist on agriculture
Race and HistoryRace and History
The Hutu group arrived in Rwanda The Hutu group arrived in Rwanda from the Congo basin (85%)from the Congo basin (85%)
The Tutsi populations arrived from The Tutsi populations arrived from EthiopiaEthiopia (15-18%) (15-18%)
Race and HistoryRace and History
ComplexionComplexion The narrow noses and tall featuresThe narrow noses and tall features Monopoly of the so-called superior Monopoly of the so-called superior
white racewhite race 1918 Germany1918 Germany 1918-1962 Belgium1918-1962 Belgium 1962 Independence1962 Independence
BackgroundBackground
Rwanda Government (Hutu)Rwanda Government (Hutu) Racial discriminationRacial discrimination TutsiTutsi E.g. Radio programme-RTLME.g. Radio programme-RTLM
BackgroundBackground Exiled refugee Rwandan Tutsis in UgaExiled refugee Rwandan Tutsis in Uga
ndanda Joined rebel forces Joined rebel forces Become part of the Ugandan militaryBecome part of the Ugandan military Museveni's guerrilla forces Museveni's guerrilla forces
Civil War ICivil War I
1990, the Tutsi-dominated RPF invade1990, the Tutsi-dominated RPF invaded Rwanda from Ugandad Rwanda from Uganda
A radio station that began anti-Tutsi prA radio station that began anti-Tutsi propaganda and with pogrammes againsopaganda and with pogrammes against Tutsis, whom it claimed were trying tt Tutsis, whom it claimed were trying to re-enslave the Hutuso re-enslave the Hutus
Civil War ICivil War I
Arusha accords Arusha accords ““Final" cease-fire agreement in AugusFinal" cease-fire agreement in Augus
t 1993 t 1993
IncidentIncident
April. 6th 1994April. 6th 1994 President Melchior President Melchior
Ndadaye Ndadaye HutuHutu
GenocideGenocide Civil warCivil war
Hutu Government Hutu Government VS.VS. Rwandan Patriotic Rwandan Patriotic
Front (RPF) Front (RPF)
GenocideGenocide April-JulyApril-July 100days100days 1 million1 million
GenocideGenocide Hutu: Hutu:
Interahamwe and Interahamwe and ImpuzamugambiImpuzamugambi
TutsisTutsis Moderate HutusModerate Hutus
GenocideGenocide Rwandan Patriotic FRwandan Patriotic F
ront (RPF) and Ugaront (RPF) and Uganda Government minda Government military forceslitary forces
July, 1994 KigaliJuly, 1994 Kigali Defeat the HutusDefeat the Hutus
GenocideGenocide 2 million refugees2 million refugees Refugee campsRefugee camps Countries besides, Countries besides,
Uganda, Burundi, Uganda, Burundi, the Democratic the Democratic Republic of the Republic of the Congo and Congo and TanzaniaTanzania
Thousands of peoplThousands of people died e died
International Aid-USInternational Aid-US
USUS SomaliaSomalia Condemned by Condemned by
Europe and The Europe and The ThirdsThirds
International Aid-UNInternational Aid-UN UN peacekeeping UN peacekeeping
forcesforces InactionInaction
International Aid-CanadaInternational Aid-Canada Canada
continued to lead the UN peacekeeping force in Rwanda
United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR)
Humanity RecordHumanity Record
For the first time in For the first time in Rwanda's long histoRwanda's long history, the Rwandan leary, the Rwandan leadership preached a dership preached a message of division, message of division, hate, and violence thate, and violence to the population, reo the population, resulting in repeated csulting in repeated cycles of genocide. ycles of genocide.
Humanity RecordHumanity Record Despite specific warnings and Despite specific warnings and
requests from UNAMIR's requests from UNAMIR's commanding officers in Rwanda, commanding officers in Rwanda, before and during the genocide, the before and during the genocide, the UN Security Council refused to send UN Security Council refused to send additional support, declined additional support, declined UNAMIR's request for authorization UNAMIR's request for authorization to intervene, and even scaled back to intervene, and even scaled back UNAMIR's forces and authority.UNAMIR's forces and authority.
Humanity RecordHumanity Record One million lives One million lives
were lost in only were lost in only one hundred dayone hundred days. It is the fastest s. It is the fastest and most vicious and most vicious genocide yet recogenocide yet recorded in human hirded in human history.story.
Tragedy Tragedy
The EndThe EndThank youThank you
By Derek C.Department of FinanceDirector of Academic
Affairs
QuestionsQuestions
What UN should do?What UN should do? US’s attitude?US’s attitude? International intervention?International intervention? National sovereignty?National sovereignty? Peacemaking and peacekeeping?Peacemaking and peacekeeping? Taiwan’s 228Taiwan’s 228