Rwanda Water Partnership

25 April 2012

Water Resource Management in Rwanda

“Everybody's business”

Trends in Rwanda

• Increased demand (irrigation/drinking)

• Ecological degradation (erosion,

deforestation)

• Flooding

• Drought

• Water contamination (mines, agro-chemicals)

>Use>Competition>Water stress

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Game changer

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Climate change

Western prov.

Southern prov.

Town ofKigali

Northern prov.

Eastern prov.

Global warming

Climate

• Increasing temperature

• Changing rain patterns

• Flooding

• Droughts

• Extreme weather events

• Sea level rise

• Erosion of soil and nutrients

• Changing agronomic conditions

• Changing crops• Different insects • Spreading of tropical

diseases: dengue, malaria, colera, yellow fever

• Respiratory and cardiac deseases

Consequences

Agriculture

Salud Health

Climate water- and food security

A minimum for drinking , cooking, washing 50 lts.

Minimum of 5 litres de

water/day

But, one person in the EEUU uses between 250 y 300 lts/day for

personal use and garden

One ha of wheat consumes between 5 y 16 millons lts (depending on climate and

tecnological level)

It is more:

1 bread = 40 lt.

1 yoghurt = 300 lt.

1 hamburger = 2,300 lt.

Climate water and food security

How many people are facing Food insecurity in Rwanda today?

1. Situation has improved since 2006

2. Currently: 1.9 million people live in

households that are either food insecure (0.4 million) or at risk of becoming food insecure (1.5 million) should one or more shocks occur

8

6.7 4.2

27.9

17.3

65.478.5

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

2006 2009

acceptableborderlinepoor

Climate change and human development

It is vital to increase focus on adaptation climate change

Poor families have developed creative

strategies to cope with climate change

However, the current rate of CC creates high risks and vulnerabilities.

Vulnerability to climate change

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• Vulnerable livelihoods1. Low income agriculturalists (24% of total

hh)

2. Agro laborers (19%)

3. Marginal livelihoods (4%)

• Refugees living in camps

• People living with HIV aids

• Other vulnerable households

Rwanda climate change assessment (REMA)

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Rwanda Low carbon and adaptation strategy

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Why IWRM?

Water is essential for socio-economic development

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Future threats of high losses through

• Water insecurity

• More floods and erosion

• droughts

What is IWRM?

IWRM is a process which promotes the

coordinated development and

management of water, land and related

resources, in order to maximize the

resultant economic and social welfare in

an equitable manner without

compromising the sustainability of vital

ecosystems (GWP).

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IWRM components

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Integration of what?

Hydrological components: catchment, sources, surface and ground water, access, uses, distribution, quantity y quality.

Water soil and environment: processes of erosion, degradation, biodiversity.

Water-soil-ecosystem and socio- economic-cultural system: landuse planning, economic functions, other human activities.

Institutional integration. Dialogue between multiple actors, social arrangements, norms, conflict resolution, knowledge, and capacities.

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Hydrological and administrative scales

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Macro Water basin

Meso Catchment

Watershed /Micro watershed

National-international

District Province

Sector, Municipality

So, is integrality a luxury or reality?

Irrigation

TourismWater supply Waste water

Industry

Erosion

Flooding

Farmers

Integrated water management

nice but …

A former employer said:

• “If you want a something not to be realized: you tell them it

should be more integral”

• “Integrality is nice for philosophic deliberations but not apt for

practical action”

IWRM partial and IWRM complete

Complete IWRM

• Based in legislative and institutional reform and intersectoral

implementation (long term, political)

Partial IWRM

• Based on individual and institutional actions within the

catchment applying the WRM principles (practical, immediate)

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IWRM and WASH: Integrated water chain

5

Recycling

2 Potabilization

Distribution

1 Production of

raw water

4Waste-water

Sewage

3

Service / use

Conventional water service

Partial IWRM in WASH

IWRM in Water Sanitation and Hygiene

5 Recycling

2 PurificationDistributio

n

1 Raw

water,

4 Waste water

3 Service /

use

Sustainable WASH services

Water source,

catchment, INtersectoral distribution (agriculture,

drinking water etc),Long term planning

Water balance

• Purification

tecnology• Operation

& maintenan

ce

• Sustainable,

equitable access

• Service provision

• Payment• Multiple

uses

• .Collection• Evacuation

, drainage • Costs of

collection

• Treatment• Recycling• Reintegrat

ion in nature system

• Nutrients• Economic

activities related to

waste water

• Methane capture

IWRM and WASH (Cluster)

Production of raw water

Service / use Waste water

Social organizations

Knowledge centres Universities,

vocational training

Private companies: spare parts;

polluters

Catchment

financial services

NGO´s

Value creation:

economic, social,

environmental

Government (policies)

Treatment & recycling-

Tourism companies

Regulator

Farmers

SNV Experience Bolivia:

National Catchment Management Plan

• Catchment considered as living space.

• Implementation based on: action, research, learning.

• Promotion of water users organizations and regional platforms,

with horizontal and vertical linkages.

• Main challenge: political interference. Strong need for decision

framework with agreed rules and process steps.

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SNV experience Zimbabwe:

set up catchment councils

• Catchment Councils to safeguard users’ equitable access to-

and sustainable management of fresh surface water and

groundwater resources.

• Joint analysis and planning of Water Resources Development

and Management.

• Main challenge: intercultural communication. How to manage

disparate users with different sub cultures and disparate

interest (large farmers, peasant communities, city, industry,

parks,)25Title

Hydrological space for the people of Rwanda • hydrographical

network (2km/km2)

• Two hydrographical basins: The Nile basin and the Congo basin

26

Rwanda WRM strategy: The Mission

• The mission of the Government in the management of water

resources is to ensure protection, conservation, restoration and

rational use of water resources to meet the country’s medium

and long term socio-economic development goals.

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WRM strategy: The principles

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• Water is a finite resource

• Water is human right

• Water resource is an economic good

• Water is a social good

• Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM)

• Participatory management

• Catchment-based water resources management

• Impacts of climate change on the water resource

• Internationally shared water resources

Economic value

Social value

Environmental value

And now IWRM actions!

• Awareness raising?

• Information gathering?

• Building water reservoirs?

• Forestry?

• Organization?

• Low carbon economy?

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Lead questions

1. How to increase the participation and involvement of the

stakeholders in implementation of IWRM at all levels.

2. How to improve the coordination of the various interventions

national and local level.

3. How to enhance the resilience of our communities to water

stress and climate change.

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Useful sites for information

Rwanda institutional/policy WRM framework

RNRA http://www.minirena.gov.rw/spip.php?article135

(Old version of water law. No WRM strategy)

IWRM

GWP for theory about IRWM and toolbox.

• www.gwp.org

• IRC for partial IWRM

• www.irc.nl

Climate change

www.unep.org/climatechange/

Climate change assessment and low carbon strategy of Rwanda

• Rema www.rema.gov.rw

• FAO

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SNV Water team

• Beatrice Mukasine (bmukasine@snvworld.org),

• Richard Nyirishema (rnyirishema@snvworld.org),

• Michiel Verweij (mverweij@snvworld.org)

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Time Description Who8h00-9h00 Registration of participants Secretariat

9h00- :9h15 Welcome Remarks / Presentation participants  RWP Chair

Opening remarks RNRA 9h15-10h00 Presentation: Rwanda WRM Policy, Strategy and Law Mr Kabalisa, D/DG WRM

10h00-10h20  Health Break  

All participants

10h20-11h00  Open Discussion and Questions  

 Moderator  

11h00-11h30 IWRM and water security SNV

11h30-12h00 Water security and climate change : Introduction of Bugesera Project

Mr SAFARI Patrick

12h00-12h30 Children from water vulnerability to water strength. presentation and discussion

SNV

13:00h-14h00 Lunch 

All participants

14h-15h00 Breakout sessions: Thematic Group works All participants

15h00-15h30 Plenary: presentations from the Groups Moderator and secretariat

15h30-16h00 Election of new Rwanda Water Partnership ( Leadership Committee)

 RWP

16h00-16h10 Conclusions and Way forward Closure 

Mr SAFARI Patrick

16h10-16h30 Closing Remarks Chair RWP

Towards IWRM through collaboration and partnerships

Kigali 25th April 2012