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SMART CITIES L3 6.3.2017 Spring Semester 2017, ETH Zürich Gerhard Schmitt
SMAR
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ETH
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Ger
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Smart Cities
1 GS ET: Introduction
Objectives, Definition, MOOC
Exercise 1: QUA-KIT
Definitions Context
Smart Objects, Smart Buildings, Smart Cities
3 GS: Urban Big Data
Stocks and Flows in Urban Systems
4 GS ET: Urban Measurement
Measurement and Simulation
Exercise 2: Urban Measurement
5 GS: Urban Science
Citizen Design Science
6 GS: Complexity Science
Complexity Science
Exercise 3: QUA-KIT
7 GS: Smart Governance
Participatory Design and Management
8 GS: Smart Livability
City Livability Rankings
10 GS: From smart cities to responsive citiesFrom smart cities to responsive cities
Final presentation on MOOC discussion topics
The story so far: • 6.3.2017 Big Data as new urban raw material, made useful with
Information Architecture and with the Stocks and Flows concept • 27.2.2017 From smart houses to smart cities – emerging criteria
for smart cities as urban systems • 20.2.2017 Cities are complex systems. Ideally, they are
sustainable, resilient, livable, smart, and finally responsive – from production machines to human habitat
Big Data
Big Data• In 2017, more than 15 billion Internet of
Things devices routinely record where we are, what we do and with whom we communicate
• Those Data can be recorded and analysed with increasing ease
• They thus become a new raw material for Information Architecture
www.satw.ch
Big Data - 4V• Volume: very large amounts of data • Variety: diverse types and sources of
data • Velocity: rapid increase of data volume • Veracity: insecurity regarding quality and
meaning
www.satw.ch
Case Study: Songdo
Big Data from observations
https://datafloq.com/read/smart-city-future-bring-big-data-level/183
Case Study: Zürich
(Big) Data from simulation
In the next 30 years, urban living and working space for 2 Billion people is needed, mostly in tropical and sub-tropical areas. The present way to build cities does not scale. Needed: A massive change of perception and behaviour.
Motivation
Urban Metabolism
Understand the city to behave as a dynamic and complex system
Read and model this system in terms of Stocks and Flows
Recognise Urban Stocks as basic elements of the urban metabolism and as locally available resources
Stocks and Flows - Origins
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/StockFlow.gif
Stocks and Flows: People and Health
Stocks and Flows: Water and Capital -
Stocks and Flows: Energy and Materials
Stocks and Flows: Energy and Materials
Stocks and Flows: Energy and Materials
Stocks and Flows: Space and Density -
Examples for Urban Stocks and Flows
• People and Health
• Water and Capital
• Energy and Materials
• Space and Density
• InformationStocks and Flows: Transportation and Information - Behaviour
Big Data – SATW Ethical Values1. Protection of privacy 2. Eqality and non-discrimination, no monopolies 3. Personal decision on data use, agreement necessary 4. Control over own digital identity, corrections 5. Transparency – especially concerning algorithms 6. Solidarity – especially in insurances 7. Contextual integrity – especially business/private 8. Ownership and intellectual property of data
www.satw.ch
The ETH Future Cities Laboratory in Singapore
Scales, Stocks and Flows
SMALL BUILDING TECHNOLOGY
MEDIUM URBAN DESIGN
LARGE TERRITORIAL PLANNING
LOW EXERGY
DIGITAL FABRICATION
A/P ARCHITECTURE & CONSTRUCTION
TRANSFORMING & MINING URBAN STOCKS
URBAN DESIGN STRATEGIES & RESOURCES
A/P ARCHITECTURE & URBAN PLANNING
TERRITORIAL ORGANISATION
LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY
MOBILITY & TRANSPORTATION PLANNING
A/P ARCHITECTURE & TERRITORIAL PLANNING
SIMULATION PLATFORM
SPACE ENERGY MATERIALS PEOPLE CAPITAL WATER INFORMATION
URBAN SOCIOLOGY
HOUSING
Reclaiming Backlanes – Boat Quay
Low Exergy
Prof. Dr. Arno Schlueter
3-for-2 @ UWC
From research to first application: 3-for-2 concept as a 600 m2 living lab at new UWC megablock
Low Exergy
Prof. Dr. Arno Schlueter
UWC megablock 3-for-2 project space
Using robotic technology to design models of high-rise buildings.
Digital Fabrication Prof. Fabio Gramazio Prof. Matthias Kohler
Image source: Bas Princen
Research Modules
Back to Stocks & Flows
Bamboo Concrete
Benefits of Bamboo as a construction material: • Grows in most developing countries • Tensile strength is double that of construction steel • Produced as a composite material, it could be used as
reinforcement in concrete structures • It is a renewable resource, cheap, light and strong
Research question: Can bamboo fibers be used to replace steel as a reinforcement material in concrete? SMART Innovation Grant awarded in March 2013
An Interdisciplinary Case Study on the Development of Singapore Public Housing Typologies (1960-Present).
HousingProf. Sacha Menz
Image source: Module X
Exploring the preservation and conservation of heritage buildings.
Transforming & Mining Urban Stocks Prof. Dr Uta Hassler
Image source: Module III
Research Modules
Back to Stocks & Flows
Transforming and Mining Urban Stocks
Prof. Dr. Uta Hassler | Presenter: Iris Belle
2,000
6,000
10,000
Rochor+ building footprints map regression
1846 1930s 1970s1893 2008
Iris Belle, Uta Hassler, Ankur Choudhury, in preparation
District scaleRochor+ survival rate
Investigating the notion of centralities in the city, and the role of the airport with respect to mobility, migration and infrastructure.
Urban Design Strategies & Resources Prof. Kees Christiaanse
Image source: Max Hirsh
Research Modules
Back to Stocks & Flows
Comparative studies of cities.Urban Sociology Prof. Dr Christian Schmid
Image source: Module V
Research Modules
Back to Stocks & Flows
Mitigating poverty through building sustainable towns.
Territorial Organisation Prof. Dr Marc Angélil
Image source: Module VI
Research Modules
Back to Stocks & Flows
Understanding and improving the future of urban rivers.
Landscape Ecology Prof. Christophe Girot
Image source: Derek Vollmer
Research Modules
Back to Stocks & Flows
Studying urban transport systems to maximize efficiency.
Mobility & Transportation Planning Prof. Dr Kay Axhausen
Image source: Module VIII
Research Modules
Back to Stocks & Flows
MATSPaaS – Multi-Agent Transport Simulation Platform as a Service
MATSim Singapore
Summary• Stocks and flows are a fundamental concept to
understand cities and to develop them further • Big Data is part of the Stocks and Flows of
Information – in the sense of Information Architecture, it becomes a new raw material
• The ethical aspects of using Big Data will determine its acceptance in the future
