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SAFETY BY DESIGN D Drives Successful Urban G Greenways Brian Charlton - SGJJR Mac McCracken - DRFC
SAFETY BY DESIGNDDrives Successful Urban GGreenwaysBrian Charlton - SGJJRMac McCracken - DRFC
AACCESSIBLE SAFEBEAUTIFULEXCITING
…WORLD-CLASS GATHERING PLACE…
…FOR ALL.”
DDetroit Greenways
AAtwater Street and Rivard Street – 2003
AAtwater Street and Rivard Street –– 22012
RRivard Plaza –– 22005
RRivard Plaza –– 22007
TTalon Center Promenade – 2005
TTalon Center Promenade –– 22007
WWest Riverfront –– 22013
WWest Riverfront –– 22015
DDequindre Cut – 2008
DDequindre Cut – 2010
CONSTRUCTION IMPACTS
ANNUAL IMPACTS
Public and Private Sector Investment $1.54 billion
Riverfront Construction Investments $639 million
Construction Period Jobs 16,700 jobs
New Housing 475 units
Total Annual Spending $43.7 million
Combined Annual Spending (2003-2013) $360.6 million
Annual Jobs 1,300 jobs
Total Annual Tax Revenue Generation $4.5 million
Annual Visitors 3 million
OBJECTIVES1. Identify the theory, principles and
application of Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED).
2. Perform regular assessments to evaluate the impact of CPTED measures and identify new issues.
3. Implement strategies to present a positive external image that reduces the likelihood of criminal activities.
CrimePrevention ThroughEnvironmentalDesign
THEORY AND PRINCIPLES
“4” Primary Points
NATURAL SURVEILLANCE
PRINCIPALS
Increase perception that people can be seen
Maximize visibility
Foster positive social interactions
NATURAL SURVEILLANCE
“SEE AND BE SEEN”
NATURAL SURVEILLANCE
SITE AND LANDSCAPE Provide clear visible site lines
Create multiple view points from multiple locations
Avoid creation of screened hiding plans
Complement natural site design with automated security systems – Cameras and Emergency Phones
Increase the number of “Eyes”-Greenways, Bike Lanes, Sidewalks, and Plazas
Design space to increase the perception of
CCPTED programs experienced drop in robberies ranging
from 30% to 84%. (Southern California injury Prevention Research Center)
NATURAL SURVEILLANCE
LIGHTING
Proper lighting design
Sufficient and Appropriate Lighting
Avoid poor placement that create blind-spots
Avoid excessive light levels
Ensure potential problem areas are well lit
Use photo sensors and timers
ACCESS CONTROL
ACCESS CONTROLPRINCIPALS
Direct pedestrians, bicycle, and vehicular flow to clearly guide people to and from destinations
By selectively placing entrances and exits, decorative fencing, lighting and landscape to limit access or control flow allows for natural access control to occur.
Provide clear border definition of controlled spaces.
ACCESS CONTROL
DESIGN and IMPLEMENTATION
Use roadways, walkways, fences, lighting, signage, and landscape to properly guide people.
Limit the number and provide clearly identifiable points of entry.
Use physical structures, fencing and landscaping to guide people to public areas and define / restrict access to non-public areas.
Eliminate design features that provide access over fences, to roofs, and to upper / lower levels.
Overcome distance and isolation through improved communications and design efficiencies. (Adding emergency telephones and providing shared use paths)
Be aware of “Movement Predictors” and strategies for mitigation.
TERRITORIALITY
PRINCIPALS
Define public, semi-public and private spaces.
Develop a “Sense of Ownership”.
Promote positive social interaction through the “Definition of Space”.
Define the intended purpose of a space
TERRITORIAL REINFORCEMENT
TERRITORIALITY
DESIGN and IMPLEMENTATION Distinguish between public and private through architecture, fencing, pavement, landscape, signage, and lighting.
Maintained premises and landscaping communicates an alert and active presence.
Provide public amenities and seating in public spaces to define intended uses and to attract more people.
Incorporate automated systems such as motion sensor lights
Display security system signage
Avoid negative security elements such as cyclone fencing and razor-wire.
MAINTENANCE
PRINCIPALS
Neglected and poorly maintained spaces encourage criminal activity.
Avoid the downward spiral of the “Broken Window Theory”
MAINTENANCE
Does anyone care what happens here?
MAINTENANCE
DESIGN and IMPLEMENTATION
Operations and maintenance are keys to success.
Proactive and continuous maintenance is a necessity.
Develop and implement a formal maintenance plan.
Regularly inspect and schedule maintenance activities.
Identify modifications / improvements that should be implemented.
PLACE = PEOPLE
GM RIVER DAYS
LITERACY PROGRAMS
MOONLIGHT YOGA
SOIREE ON THE GREENWAY
DEQUINDRE CUT SLOW ROLL
CONCERTS ON THE WEST RIVERFRONT
PHYSICAL SECURITY
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES AND SITE ASSESSMENTS
Professional Evaluation of RiskPublic/Private PartnershipsMultiple AgenciesStake Holder MeetingsCommunity Engagement
Prepare a Crime Prevention Implementation PlanAnnual Security Strategy MeetingWeekly Conference CallsQuarterly Assessments
Security OperationsWorking in pods or teamsUtilizing Technology: Cameras. Emergency Warning systems, Call Boxes, ResponseNetSecurity Landscaping and Cleaning Staff
PATROL TECHNIQUES
PUBLIC AMBASSADORS
SECURITY IS ABOUT MORE THAN JUST POLICING.
CPTED STRATEGIES ARE MOST SSUCCESSFUL WHEN:
CPTED strategies “Deter” rather than “Prevent” criminal behavior.
Incorporating CPTED design strategies in the initial design phase of a project can be significantly more cost effective and successful than trying to retrofit an existing environment.
Operational costs and liability can be decreased over time with proper use of CPTED.
“Share the Responsibility” across designers, owners, managers, the community and law enforcement.
Lowering the incidence of crime has a direct impact on local economics and particularly for property owners.
Education and training of CPTED strategies is key in the planning, design, and development of communities.
They inconvenience the end user the least while providing significant deterrents to criminal activities
0% Crime on the Detroit RiverWalk 0% Crime on the Detroit RiverWalkssince the Grand Opening in June 2007.
DISCUSSION
BBrian Charlton MMac McCracken - DRFC
