Safety in Design Australia - By ARUP Straughton-2008

8/13/2019 Safety in Design Australia - By ARUP Straughton-2008

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Safety In Design

Designing Safer Buildings & Structures : An Australian perspective

Mike Straughton, July 2008


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Introduction

Why the Move to Safety In Design?

The Regulatory Push Towards Safety in Design

Duties for Designers of Buildings or Structures

Definitions

Who is a Designer?

What are the Designers Responsibilities When Preparing aDesign?


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Introduction

Safety In Design

An Example of a Risk Management Approach

Benefits of Safety In Design

Practicable Examples of Safety in Design

Benefits of Safety in Design


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Why the Move to Safety In Design?

Safe engineering design integrates risk managementprinciples into the design by

Involving designers, users, and other relevant parties in considering the

most appropriate design at each stage in the design process Systematically identifying hazards, and eliminating/mitigating

associated risks

Communicating to the users, and other relevant parties, residual risksassociated with the design


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The Regulatory Push Towards Safety in Design

United Kingdom Construction (Design & Management) Regulations 2007

Australia Federal

National Standard for Construction Work

States/Territories

As with other OH&S legislation, various states/territories have variations (toa greater or lesser extent) on the same theme


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Legislative Framework:

Western

Australia

A: OS&H Act 1984: s23

NorthernTerritory

NT: No specific duties

SouthAustralia

SA: OHS & W Act 1986: s23A

Queensland

QLD: WH&S Act 1995: s30B

New SouthWales NSW: No specific dutie

VictoriaVIC: OHS Act 2004: s28

Tasmania

TAS: WH&S Act 1995: s14

Commonwealth : National Construction Standard

ACT: No specific dutiesACT


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Duties for designers of buildings or structures

Depending on the jurisdiction, the duty applies to designersof:

buildings /structures to be used as workplaces

buildings/structures that are occasional workplaces parts of the building/structure including fixtures integral to its use as a

workplace temporary structures the design of the construction and demolition phases of a building/

structures lifecycle (not all jurisdictions) Roads and footpaths (not all jurisdictions)

The duty doesnt apply to Residential dwellings not intended as workplaces


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Duties for designers of buildings or structures

Commonwealth: National Construction Standard (section 7)requires that designers must

Ensure that hazards associated with the construction work (includesconstruction, repair, cleaning, maintenance, demolition) required by thedesign are identified before commencement of that work

Ensure to the extent that they have control over the design that health& safety risks resulting from the design are eliminated or minimised

Provide a written report to the client on the health & safety aspects ofthe design


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Duties for Designers of Buildings or Structures

Queensland: section 30B of the WH&S Act 1995 states

Section 30B (Obligations of Designers of Structures) Designer of a structure has an obligation to ensure the design of the

structure does not affect the WH&S of persons During construction of the structure

When the structure has been constructed and is being used for the purpose

it was originally designed for A designer is considered to have met their obligation under section 30B

if persons are not exposed to risks to their H&S arising out of thedesign This places an absolute duty on the designer


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Definitions Used in Queensland

Workplace Any place where work is, or is to be, performed by a worker or a person

conducting a business or undertaking

Building or Structure Structure : definition is very broad and includes a building, underground works,

roads, footpaths, railway lines, water storages/supply systems, formwork,falsework, scaffold or other construction designed for use during constructionwork

As Far as Reasonably Practicable needs to take in to account

General OH&S duties are not qualified by the term reasonably practicable the defendant has the onus of proof that an offence was not committed


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Who is a designer?

Designers can include: Persons who undertake the design

on behalf of a client, including: Architects Building designers Draftspersons Client (e.g. if they specify a certain

design)

Persons who design parts of thebuilding/structure integral to its useas a workplace, including:

Engineers Interior designers Industrial designers Contractors

Persons who make changes tobuilding/structure design during theconstruction phase have a safety in

design duty

Pre-Design:Siting, Feasibility Study

Conceptual & SchematicDesign

Design Development

ConstructionDocumentation

Construction,Refurbishment or

Modification

Wh h d i ibili i h


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What are the designers responsibilities whenpreparing a design?

To Understand the range of work activities associated with intended use of

building/structure as a workplace any maintenance, repair, service and cleaning activities for building /

structure when in use (also demolition in some jurisdictions)

To Identify, and Control hazards and risks associated with the above activities

To Communicate:

inform the client of any high risks in the clients design requirements recommend design alternatives that will eliminate/reduce risks arising

from original design


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Who else has responsibilities?

Basically, anyone who has input into the design, construction anduse of the building/structure as a workplace e.g.

Clients Construction contractors building the workplace Designers, manufacturers & suppliers of plant to be used in the

workplace Controller of the workplace Employees who will be using the workplace Persons installing, erecting, commissioning, maintaining plant at the

workplace


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Who else has responsibilities?

Queenslands WH&S Act safety in design obligations are moredetailed than other jurisdictions, with specific responsibilitiesdetailed in

Section 23 (Obligations for Workplace Health & Safety) Section 30A (Obligations of Clients) Section 30B (Obligations of Designers of Structures) Section 30C (Obligations of Project Managers) Section 31 (Obligations of Principal Contractors)


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Queensland WH&S Act

Section 23 (Obligations for Workplace Health & Safety)

Designers of structures have an obligation to ensure workplace health& safety for construction work and makes reference to amended

section 30B Defines a number of other parties that have obligations to ensure

workplace H&S


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Queensland WH&S Act

Section 30A (Obligations of Clients) Client has an obligation to consult with

Designer

Project Manager for construction work Principal Contractor for construction work

Aim of consultation is to

Ensure the construction work can be planned and managed so as toprevent or minimise all risk s to health and safety

Inform the Designer, Project Manager, or Principal Contractor of anyhazards or risks that the client is aware of relating to the site whereconstruction is to occur


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Queensland WH&S Act

Section 30C (Obligations of Project Managers) Project Manager of a structure has an obligation to ensure

construction work is planned and managed to prevent or minimise riskto the the WH&S of all persons

Undertaking the construction work

Person at or near the workplace during the construction work


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Queensland WH&S Act

Section 31 (Obligations of Principal Contractors) Principal Contractor has an obligation to ensure the the WH&S of all

persons arising from a hazard at the workplace for which no otherperson has an H&S obligation

Principal Contractor must manage construction work so as to preventor minimise risk

Principal Contractor must consult with following parties re constructionwork risk management

The Designer

The Project Manager

Other relevant persons


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Safety in Design lifecycle approach

Operation

ConstructionMaintenance

and Repair

Demolition/Refurbishment

Safety In Design


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Risk management approach

IdentifyHazards

IdentifyControl

Measures

ReviewOptions

IsResidual

RiskAcceptable

?

RISK REGISTER

ImplementControl

Measures

What could go wrong?

AssessRisks

Monitor

Quantify Rank Mitigation Management Control

No

Yes

Update risk

register

f


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Safety in Design Reviews

Brainstorm ideas at review with fellow design team members Identify hazards and risks

May require completion of full or partial risk management

Then evaluate them: What can be avoided, reduced or controlled

Record your decisions

Communicate to client

S f i D i R i


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Safety in Design Reviews

Key outcomes

List any required actions that may be required as part of futuredesign phases

Ensure all relevant information is captured and recorded

Communicate the findings of the review to all relevant parties,including the client

Any review report developed should include review methodology used details regarding any significant risks identified during the review Follow-up actions generated from review

P i bl E l f S f i D i


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Bulk sulphur shed

Use of front-end loader hasseveral potential hazards

Stockpile collapse on to loader

Generation of dust due tocrushing of product

Operator exposure to dust Potentially explosive air/dust

mixture Loader is a potential ignition

source Sparking from bucket striking

concrete floor Friction between loader tyres and

floor Sparking from Loader engine

Use of Auto-reclaim systemeliminates/minimises abovehazards

P ti bl E l f S f t i D i


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Building atrium Significant amount of internal

glass to be cleaned, including

internal skylight at approx 12metres above floor level Initial access solution did not

involve building maintenance

contractor Complicated and

impracticable Ultimate access solution

provided primarily bymaintenance contractor Simple and practicable

Practicable E amples of Safet in Design


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Building atrium



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Initial access solution Ladder IntermediateSupport

Fall Arrest Rigging toFull Body HarnessSystem

Portable Ladd



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Building atrium

Ultimate access solution



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Residential precinct road design Uninterrupted street lengths

restricted to minimise risk of

traffic travelling at speed, withcontrols including

Roundabouts

Road closures

Reorientation of streets

Stagger of streets



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Elimination of working at height during maintenance of light fittings



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Working from fixed platform during maintenance of light fittings



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100m high(yellow) supporttowers requireaircraft warning

lights Each towerhas two lightsin parallel

when one fails,second isswitched on adequatecoverage fororiginal lifeexpectancy forstructure



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40m high mast on top of203m tower requires aircraftwarning light

Eyebolts as part of height

access solutionimpracticable periodictesting of eyebolts would berequired

Solution approved lightfitting that can beraised/lowered up centre ofmast (mast centered on

500mm dia. Steel tube)

Safety in Designb k


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its not just about permanent works!~ 1.2 m of temporarysteel casing aboveground

Temporary steel casinused to support groundat top of pile during

construction

~ 0.6 1.5 m diameterpile

Prevention offall in to pileduringconstruction

Safety in Designi j b k !


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its not just about permanent works!

Safety in Designit t j t b t t k !


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its not just about permanent works!

Benefits of Safety in Design


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y g

Informed contractor reduces riskcontingency

Increased time and cost certainty

Communication of residual risks tocontractor

Reduced likelihood of unplannedevents

Demolition/Refurbishment

Informed contractor reduces riskcontingency

Reduction in maintenance costs

Reduction in repair costs

Safe access for maintenance andrepair strategies

Reduced likelihood of accidents

Maintenance andRepair

Reduced costs (absence & claims)

Company image

Reduced civil claims

Occupant health and safety

Public health and safety

Operation

Informed contractor reduces risk

contingency Increased time and cost certainty

Communication of residual risks to

contractor Reduced likelihood of accidents

Construction

Reduced re-design or retrofitting

Reduced lifecycle OHS costs

Risks identified

Risks reduced/controlled

Design

Project BenefitHealth and Safety BenefitLifecycle Phase

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Safety in Design Australia - By ARUP Straughton-2008

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