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Kerri Cahoy (MIT), Peter Lawson (JPL), John Taranto (Thorlabs), Michael Feinberg (Boston Micromachines), Anne Marinan (MIT), Ma@ Webber (MIT) Sagan Workshop Thursday Handson Session: Building a Coronagraph
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Page 1: Sagan%Workshop% Thursday%Handson%Session:% …nexsci.caltech.edu/workshop/2014/Cahoy_coronagraph.pdfKerri%Cahoy%(MIT),%Peter%Lawson%(JPL),%John%Taranto% (Thorlabs),%Michael%Feinberg%(Boston%Micromachines),%

Kerri  Cahoy  (MIT),  Peter  Lawson  (JPL),  John  Taranto  (Thorlabs),  Michael  Feinberg  (Boston  Micromachines),  

Anne  Marinan  (MIT),  Ma@  Webber  (MIT)      

Sagan  Workshop  Thursday  Hands-­‐on  Session:  Building  a  Coronagraph  

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Acknowledgements  

• Thank  you  to  John  Taranto  and  Thorlabs  for  providing  addiIonal  opIcal  hardware  for  today’s  labs!!!  J      

• Thank  you  to  Michael  Feinberg  and  Boston  Micromachines  for  the  “Sensorless”  demonstraIon  

• Thank  you  to  Gene  Serabyn,  Dimitri  Mawet,  for  Vector  Vortex  occulIng  mask  

• Thank  you  to  Jeremy  Kasdin,  Elizabeth  Young,  and  Alexis  CarloU  for  Shaped  Pupil  mask  

• Thank  you  to  John  Trauger  for  M2  mask  

7/23/2014   Cahoy  -­‐  Sagan  Workshop  2014   2  

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Goals  

• Learn  how  a  coronagraph  works…  with  hardware  – Understand  pupil  plane,  image  plane  – Apodizers,  occulIng  masks,  Lyot  stops  –  PoinIng  sensiIvity,  detectors  

• Learn  about  high  actuator  count  deformable  mirrors  – Needed  for  wavefront  control  and  speckle  management  

• Learn  about  wavefront  control  methods,  how  these  mirrors  are  used  (sensored  and  sensorless)  

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Overview  

7/23/2014   Cahoy  -­‐  Sagan  Workshop  2014   4  

•  Break  into  4  groups:  A,  B,  C,  D  

•  Walk  to  Keith  Spalding  Building  (#6)  on  corner  of  California  &  Wilson  

•  1)  Coronagraph  in  KS-­‐410E    

•  2)  Shack  Hartmann  in  KS-­‐410  

•   3)  Sensorless  Demo  in  KS-­‐415  

•   4)  MATLAB  in  KS-­‐300  

 

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Laser  Safety  

• TLS001-­‐635  is  a  class  3R  laser  • The  635  nm  laser  is  2.5  mW  and  split  into  4  setups,  so  it  is  less  powerful  than  solo…  but!    – Do  NOT  stare  into  laser!  – Use  a  sheet  of  paper  or  detector  to  trace  laser  path,  avoid  looking  directly  at  laser  light  

– Avoid  wearing  jewelry  near  hands  that  could  unpredictably  reflect  laser  light  elsewhere  (watch,  rings,  etc.)  

– Make  sure  laser  terminates  in  some  type  of  beam  stop  (detector,  object,  beam  dump)  

–  Reduce  power  if  aligning  opIcs,  use  as  li@le  power  as  possible  

7/23/2014   Cahoy  -­‐  Sagan  Workshop  2014   5  

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Coronagraph  Lab  

•  We’ve  set  it  up  –  take  a  look,  and  then  take  the  posts  out  and  put  it  back  together:  1.  Use  a  piece  of  paper  to  see  how  the  beam  behaves  through  the  system.  2.  Fully  open  the  iris  closest  to  the  camera  to  see  how  the  Lyot  stop  blocks  

diffracIon  spikes;  save  images  with  the  camera  of  “before”  and  “aoer”.  3.  Remove  all  posts  except  laser  and  camera  (do  not  move  the  “feet”).  4.  Start  by  puUng  in  the  25  mm  lens  and  observing  its  collimaIng  funcIon.  5.  Put  in  the  3  remaining  lenses  one  at  a  Ime.  Observe  how  they  focus/relay  

light.  IdenIfy  pupil  and  image  planes.  Capture  the  resulIng  PSF.  6.  Put  in  irises.  Capture  resulIng  PSF,  compare  with  (5).  7.  Put  in  apodizer  (if  any,  do  separately)  and  occulIng  mask.  Adjust  poinIng.  

Capture  resulIng  PSF,  compare  with  (6).  

7/23/2014   Cahoy  -­‐  Sagan  Workshop  2014   6  

Amplitude  coronagraph(Spot/Linear  Occulter/

Vector  Vortex)

Iris/  Phase  mask Lyot  Stop  

(Iris  -­‐  optional)

Pinhole  Laser  Source

25  mm  lens 200  mm  lens 100  mm  lens 100  mm  lens

Detector

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Shack  Hartmann  Demo  

• Thorlabs  “AO  Kit”  demonstraIon  using  a  Shack  Hartmann  wavefront  sensor  and  Boston  Micromachines  MEMS  deformable  mirror  

• Learn  about  the  closed-­‐loop  control,  introduce  disturbances  and  observe  the  response  

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http://www.ctio.noao.edu/~atokovin/tutorial/part3/wfs.html

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“Wavefront  Sensorless”  Correction  

• Use  Boston  Micromachines  MEMS  deformable  mirror  and  algorithm  that  opImizes  based  on  detected  image  to  improve  focus  of  the  beam  

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http://www.bostonmicromachines.com/wsaod-l.htm

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MATLAB  Shack  Hartmann  Simulation  

• Simulate  a  Shack  Hartmann  wavefront  sensor  –  Use  Zernike  modes  –  Generate  spot  offsets  in  x  and  y  

–  Understand  modal  decomposiIon  

–  See  least  squares  approach  to  wavefront  reconstrucIon  

–  See  the  effect  of  system  parameters  like  number  of  lenslets,  etc.  on  performance  

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Wavefront  Reconstruction:  Modal  vs.  Zonal  

• Zonal:  write  the  wavefront  gradients  in  terms  of  finite-­‐differences,    and  numerically  integrate  the  data  to  recover  the  wavefront.  

• Modal:  the  wavefront  is  described  in  terms  of  funcIons  that  have  analyIc  derivaIves.  The  measured  slope  data  is  then  fit  to  the  derivaIve  of  these  funcIons,  allowing  a  direct  determinaIon  of  the  wavefront  from  the  fit  coefficients.  

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References  

• M2  mask:h@ps://exep.jpl.nasa.gov/files/exep/HCIT-­‐Milestone2Signed-­‐2008-­‐08-­‐08.pdf    

•  Vector  Vortex  mask:  h@p://arxiv.org/pdf/0912.2287v1.pdf    

•  Shaped  pupil:  h@p://arxiv.org/pdf/0912.2287v1.pdf    

•  Band-­‐limited  Lyot:  h@p://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-­‐ph/0203455v1.pdf    

•  Shack  Hartmann:  h@p://betagaugereplacement.org/documents/wavefront/Shack-­‐Hartmann-­‐2.pdf  

•  Example  Wavefront  Sensorless  Algorithm:  h@p://www.opIcsinfobase.org/josaa/abstract.cfm?uri=josaa-­‐15-­‐10-­‐2745    

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MATLAB  Simulation  Activity  

• Connect  via  VNC  Viewer  • Run  MATLAB  • Open  sumZernike.m  • sumZernike(n,  m,  x_in,  y_in)    

>>  x=linspace(-­‐10,10,100);  >>  y=x;  >>  out  =  sumZernike(2,2,x,y);  >>  imagesc(out)    

• Try  your  own  n,  m  

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Zernike  Modes  

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MATLAB  Simulation  Activity  1/2  

• Open  Spo{ieldGeneraIonV06.m  •  Read  through  it  together  on  the  projector  •  Run  it  with  the  default  n,  m  vectors  

–  Note  image  output  (does  it  make  sense  to  you?)  and  resulIng  mode  coefficients:  >>  Spo{ieldGeneraIonV06  Coefficients  for  aberrated  wavefront  terms  Max  RMS  error  (um)  divided  by  Max(Znm)  (um)  for  all  contribuIng  (n,m)  Zernike  terms  ans  =        1.0e-­‐03  *          0.6667        0.6667        0.0004        0.0002        0.0009  

•  Change  it  to  create  a  distorted  wavefront  of  your  choice,  such  as:  –  Run  it  with  single  Znm  aberraIons  (1,1)  or  (1,-­‐1)  –  Run  it  with  single  Znm  aberraIons  (2,0)  or  (2,2)  or  (2,-­‐2)  –  Run  it  with  single  Znm  aberraIon  (3,1)  or  (3,-­‐1)  –  Modify  it  to  create  a  superposiIon  of  modes  of  your  choice  –  Note  output,  the  resulIng  mode  coefficients  

7/23/2014   Cahoy  -­‐  Sagan  Workshop  2014   14  

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Solving  for  modes  using  only  Δx,  Δy  

7/23/2014   Cahoy  -­‐  Sagan  Workshop  2014   15  

http://scien.stanford.edu/pages/labsite/2003/psych221/projects/03/pmaeda/index.html

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Modal  wavefront  reconstruction  

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MATLAB  Simulation  Activity  2/2  

• Open  parIalZernike.m  –  This  is  used  to  help  calculate  dZ/dx  and  dZ/dy  

• Open  WavefrontAnalysisV05.m  –  Run  it  (do  not  clear  all  or  close  all)  on  the  output  from  Spo{ieldGeneraIonV06.m  

• Do  numbers  match?  

• How  might  you  expect  this  to  change  if  you  added  some  detector  or  centroiding  noise  into  the  output  of  Spo{ieldGeneraIonV06?  

• How  would  results  change  if  you  reduced  the  number  or  pitch  of  the  lenslets?  

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