By Nursyamimi Binti Ishak

A Very complex group Contains more > 2,000 spp Typed on the basis of Serotyping, and species

typing Divided into two groups

1 Enteric fever (thypoid fever) 2 Food poisoning

•Gram negative bacilli

• 1.0 -3.0 microns

•Motile by peritrichous flagella

Caused by Salmonella typhi, and other Groups called as Paratyphi A, B, C

Salmonella typhi - Causes Typhoid fever

Salmonella Paratyphi A,B,C Causes Paratyphoid fevers.

• The Genus Salmonella belong to Enterobacteriaceae

• Aerobic

• Gram negative bacilli

• Distinguished from other bacteria by Biochemical and antigen structure

Head ache, malise,anorexia ,coated tongue Abdominal discomfort Constipation / Diarrhea Hepatomegaly Rose spots appear

Intestinal perforation Hemorrhage Circulatory collapse Bronchitis Bronchopneumonia Meningitis Nephritis Osteomyelitis

Is a foodborne illness caused by the salmonella Transmission occurs via contaminated food and

water Mainly from poultry and eggs (egg shell) Exotic pets (turtle) stool contain salmonella

> 90% of reptile stool contain salmonella bacterium

Diarrhea with fever Abdominal cramps Nausea Vomiting

Symptoms of most salmonella infections usually occurs 6 - 72 hours (usually 12-36 hours) after ingestion of salmonella, and illness lasts 2-7 days and go away without medical treatment

Stool sample are collected in Selenite fecal broth (incubate 24

hour)

- used for isolation of Salmonella from contaminated specimens

Culture on Xylose Lysine Desoxycholate (XLD) agar.

- xylose fermentation, lysine decarboxylation and production of hydrogen sulphide are primary diffrentation of salmonella from non-pathogenic bacteria.

Observe colony

● suspect if have black colony

● discard if no black colony

Urea test

● discard if positive urea

● suspect if negative urea

Microgene

Sensitivity test

Microgene observation

Lysine Decarboxylase + Indole -Glucose + Citrate utilization +ONPG - H2S Production +Voges Proskauer - Xylose -Ornithine Decarboxylase + Urea hydrolysis -Mannitol + Tryptophan Deaminase -

Day 4

Acceptable identification of Salmonella species

Observe sensitivity result

Result dispatch to ward

Sensitive ResistantCeftriaxone Ampicillin

Cefuroxime Amoxicillin

Trimethoprim / Sulpha Chloramphenicol

Penicillin -G

Electrolyte replacement (sodium, potassium and chloride ions)

- lost through vomiting

and diarrhea

Routine antimicrobial therapy

- control if the infection spreads from the intestine to other body parts

Not keeping reptiles as pets (particularly if have young children )

Proper hand washing Not serving any raw meat or eggs. Prevention from all stages of the food chain.

(agricultural production, processing, manufacturing and preparation of foods)

Thank you