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SANITARY FITTINGSPRESENTED BY PROF.VINAYA VAIDYA
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INTRODUCTION The following sanitary fittings are coonly !se" in
#!il"ings$ for efficient collection an" reo%al of wastewaterto the ho!se "rain.
&. 'ash #asin
(. Sin)s
*. Bath t!#es
+. 'ater closets
,. -rinals
. Fl!shing cisterns
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WASH BASINS
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-s!ally a"e of /ottery or gla0e" earth
ware or enaele" iron$ glass$ /lastic$/resse" steel etc.
There are two ty/es of wash#asins
WASH BASINSFlat #ac)
Angle #ac)
An or"inary wash #asin is o!nte" on#rac)ets fi1e" on wall$ while a /e"estal
ty/e #asin is o!nte" on /e"estal risingfro wall.
Ty/ical wash #asin si0es2
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Bowls are a"e with an" witho!t o%erflows$ an" the
o%erflows are of se%eral %arieties. In Fig. the o%erflow consists of a strainer A an" a no00le$ or
horn$ B$ to which a waste /i/e is attache" #y a ceente"sli/ 3oint$ or #y a r!##er cone connection. The latter is/refera#le.
The o%erflow "!ct A$ which is ol"e" on the #asin$ lea"sinto the waste o!tlet B thro!gh holes 4 in the connection!n"er the r!##er /l!g D.
WASH BASINS
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The /orcelain #owl is constr!cte" with a recess a to contain
a co#ine" stan"ing o%erflow an" waste /l!g #. The #ase of the waste /l!g is /erforate" an" fors a goo"
strainer$ which can easily #e cleane" #y lifting o!t the entirewaste /l!g an" o%erflow arrangeent.
The to/ of the /l!g # sli"es in a g!i"e which is sec!re" to
the ar#le to/ c #y a loc)o!t ". The stan"ing waste iss!s/en"e" #y a #ayonet catch.
WASH BASINS
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the #owl c is a"e /lain witho!t e%en a sto//er$ an" has a
strainer only. The sto//er an" stan"ing o%erflow are containe" in the t!#e
a. The s!r/l!s water esca/es thro!gh the holes #. Bowls are
also a"e with fl!shing ris$ an" the fa!cets are /lace"
#elow the to/$ ha%ing only the han"les in sight. The ri of the #owl is th!s free" fro all o#str!ctions$ an"
the han"s of the #ather cannot #e in3!re" #y the no00les ofthe fa!cets.
WASH BASINS
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WASH BASINS
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SINK
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Norally rectang!lar #asin !se" in )itchen or la#oratory for
cleaning !tensils an" glasswares. 5a"e of gla0e" earthware$ stainless steel or enaele"
/resse" steel. Sin) has an o!t let !s!ally of a#o!t +6 "ia. O!tlet /i/e "ischarges water o%er a floor tra/ or nahni tra/.
5o!th of o!tlet /i/e is /ro%i"e" with grating of #rass ornic)el to /re%ent entry of coarse soli"s.
4oon si0es of )itchen an" la#oratory sin)s
SINK
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BATH TUBS
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For long an" l!1!rio!s #ath 5a"e of iron or steel coate"
with enael$ enaele" /orcelain or of /lastic. 5ay #e with /arallel si"es or with /arallel si"es or with
ta/ering si"es. It is /ro%i"e" with o!tlets an" o!tflow /i/es$ !s!ally +6
"iaeter.
A tra/ with /ro/er water seal is !se" at the o!tlet. 4on%entional si0es of #atht!#2
7ength 2 &.8 to &.9,
'i"th 2 6.8 to 6.8,
De/th 2 6.
BATH TUBS
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A water closet is a sanitary fitting which is "esigne" to
recei%e h!an e1creta "irectly an" con%ey to the se/tictan) or !n"ergro!n" sewer thro!gh a tra/.
Ty/es of '.4.
&. In"ian Ty/e
(. E!ro/ean Ty/e
*. Anglo In"ian Ty/e
Water Closets (WC)
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&. In"ian Ty/e
.Si/le in constr!ction an" wor)ing..-se" in s:!atting ;siting< /osition..5a"e of /orcelain.The /an an" tra/ are a%aila#le as two se/arate /ieces..They are asse#le" at the tie of laying
.4loset is set!/ at the floor le%el an" /air of foot rests are/ro%i"e" on #oth si"e of the /an.
.The tra/ consists of a hole on the to/ of the connection toanti=si/honage /i/e.
.The length of /an %aries fro +,6 to 8, an" water
seal %aries fro ,6 to 8,..A fl!shing ri is /ro%i"e" on the to/ interior s!rface for
fl!shing the closet with water which ay #e s!//lie"thro!gh the fl!shing tan)$ cisterns or "irect fl!sh %al%e.
Water Closets (WC)
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Water Closets (WC)
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(.E!ro/ean Ty/e
-s!ally a"e of /orcelain. 'ash "own water closet
/ro%i"e" with a seat an" aco%er.
Pan has a fl!shing ri to
s/rea" the fl!sh water E1creta "irectly falls in the
tra/. 7ess chances of e1creta
#ecoing fo!l.
Pe"estal ty/e E!ro/ean '4also )nown as coo"e iscoonly !se".
Water Closets (WC)
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(.E!ro/ean Ty/e
The closet is either fitte" with P or S tra/. 4an also #e !se" at !//er floors$ while in case of In"ian ty/e '.4. the !//er floor has to #e "e/resse" to
recei%e the /an fi1e" at floor le%el. >enerally a low le%el fl!shing cistern is !se" with the
E!ro/ean ty/e '.4. The length of /an %aries fro ,66 to 66 an" "e/th
%aries fro *,6 to +66 The /an is set !/ on the /e"estal of coforta#le height. Now a "ays e%en wall o!nte" E!ro/ean '.4. are !se".
Water Closets (WC)
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Water Closets (WC)
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*. Anglo In"ian Ty/e
5ain a"%antage of In"ian '.4. is that it can #e !se" ins:!atting /osition since it is fi1e" at floor le%el. 'hile in E!ro/ean '.4. which is fi1e" at a#o!t +66 a#o%e
floor le%el can not #e con%eniently !se" in s:!atting /osition. The /ro#le with In"ian '.4. is that the e1creta "oes not fall
"irectly in the tra/. An Anglo In"ian '.4. reo%es #oth this /ro#les. ?ere closet is fi1e" +66 a#o%e the floor le%el. -//er ri of the /an is /ro/erly enlarge" so that legs can
rest on it while !sing in s:!atting /osition.
The inner sha/e of the /an is intere"iate #etween the twoty/es$ with wi"er to/ area of the tra/.
The e1creta "irectly falls in the water containe" #y the tra/. The to/ fl!shing ri an" seat etc. are siilar to E!ro/ean
ty/e.
Water Closets (WC)
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*. There are two ty/es of !rinals2
&. Bowl Ty/e(. Stall Ty/e
Urinals
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Bowl ty/e !rinal is an o%al sha/e" #owl a"e of /orcelain. Fi1e" on wall at coforta#le height. A hole is /ro%i"e" on the to/ for connecting the fl!shing /i/e
with fl!shing ri. Another hole is /ro%i"e" at the #otto of connecting with the
s!rface "rain or !n"ergro!n" sewer. IS (,, /art =&@@( "escri#es the "etaile" s/ecifications for
the %ario!s %itreo!s !rinals. Stan"ar" si0es of #owl ty/e !rinals
Flat #ac) /attern 2 +*6 1 (6 1 *,6
Angle #ac) /attern 2 *+6 1 +*6 1 (,
A stall ty/e !rinal norally has ore than one !nits$ with acentre to centre s/acing of 6. to 6.8. The contents of !rinals are collecte" an" "ischarge" in to the
soil /i/e thro!gh floor tra/ ;nahni tra/
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A cistern or tan) which is installe" a#o%e the latrine or
!rinals for fl!shing water is )nown as fl!shing cistern. It is a"e !/ of either 4ast Iron or /orcelain. 4I cistern is o/erate" !sing chain an" han"le$ while
/orcelain is o/erate" !sing sall han"le or /!sh #!tton. The ca/acity of cistern %aries fro , to &6 litres.
For In"ian ty/e '.4. the 4.I. cistern is fi1e" at a#o!t (.6a#o%e the floor while the E!ro/ean ty/e '.4. /orcelaincisterns are fi1e" at a#o!t 6c a#o%e floor le%el.
Flushin Cistern
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Fl!shing cisterns are of two ty/es
&. Val%e less si/honic ty/e ;Bell ty/e cistern
