history

1990’s

sculptures

PROJECTS Past RecentCurrent

SANTIAGO CALATRAVA VALLS

Awards

Analysis

Santiago Calatrava Valls-Architect, sculptor, structural engineer

history

1990’s

sculptures

PROJECTS Past RecentCurrent

SANTIAGO CALATRAVA VALLS

Awards

Analysis

HistoryBorn on 28 July 1951In Benimámet , an urban part of Valencia, Spainarchitect, sculptor and structural engineer

history

1990’s

sculptures

PROJECTS Past RecentCurrent

SANTIAGO CALATRAVA VALLS

Awards

Analysis

EDUCATION

undergraduate studies at the Architecture School and Arts and Crafts School1975-Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zurich, Switzerland, for graduate work in civil engineering1981-doctoral thesis, "On the Foldability of Space Frames"

history

1990’s

sculptures

PROJECTS Past RecentCurrent

SANTIAGO CALATRAVA VALLS

Awards

Analysis

Career

early career-bridges and train stations

Entry into high-rise design -:54-story-high twisting tower called Turning Torso (2005), located in Malmö, Sweden.

current design-the future train station: - World Trade Center Transportation Hub - at the rebuilt World Trade Center in New York City.

history

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sculptures

PROJECTS Past RecentCurrent

SANTIAGO CALATRAVA VALLS

Awards

Analysis

1990’s

architecture

1990’s

Modernism(1960’s)-featured

rectilinear geometry,

minimalism, and an

ordering of space; its

philosophy called for

form to follow function

postmodernism (late 1970s

& 1980s)-linked present

and past designs, as

well as brought

ornamentation and context

back to architecture

Deconstructivism(late

1980’s)-visual appearance

characterized by a

stimulating unpredictabili

ty and a controlled

chaos. ideas of

fragmentation, on-

rectilinear shapes which

serve to distort and dislocate

some of the elements of

architecture, such as

structure and envelope

history

1990’s

sculptures

PROJECTS Past RecentCurrent

SANTIAGO CALATRAVA VALLS

Awards

Analysis

Inspiration from French architect Le Corbusier , whose Notre Dame du Haut chapel caused Calatrava to examine how complex form could be understood and generated in architecture.

history

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PROJECTS Past RecentCurrent

SANTIAGO CALATRAVA VALLS

Awards

Analysis

PAINTINGS

SCULPTURES

history

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SANTIAGO CALATRAVA VALLS

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Analysis

Past projects

1.Orient station ,Lisbon Portugal•The Orient station is an inter-

modal terminal: Its facilities serve and interconnect several forms of transport.•There are connections into the underground system, national and metropolitan buses or taxis. There is also an airport link•The station is made out of three self-contained parts and is divided into two levels.•The raised level holds the platforms for the national train network; the lower level connects to the underground and emerges at the surface to a major bus terminal for the city.•The four platforms of the train station are reached through ramps or cylindrical glass lifts.•This elegant solution consists of a series of slender pillars that split on the top and connect with each other to create a continuous folding structure.

history

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PROJECTS Past RecentCurrent

SANTIAGO CALATRAVA VALLS

Awards

Analysis

2.Alamillo bridge•It is a road bridge at the north end of La Cartuja island, with a 142m high pylon that has become a landmark visible from Seville's old town.•striking feature is its forcefully asymmetric design.•Its single pylon inclines away from the river, and supports the 200m span with thirteen pairs of cables.•The weight of the concrete and steel pylon provides a counterbalance for the bridge deck.

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Analysis

3.Montjuic communication tower•Calatrava's beautiful and original communications tower was built for Telefónica in the heart of the 1992 Olympic site, to carry coverage of the Games•Aside from its distinctive structural form, the tower is innovative in enclosing the circular platform of microwave dishes, replacing the normal clutter with a serene white arc•the 130 meter structure becomes a welcome feature in the Olympic park.•The overall form of the tower is based on a Calatrava sketch of a kneeling figure making an offering.•The base on which the figure 'kneels' is covered in broken glazed tiles in recognition of Gaudi (though with more restrained colours)•The orientation of the tower means that the shadow of the central needle on the circular platform acts as a (rather impractical) sundial.

history

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SANTIAGO CALATRAVA VALLS

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Analysis

Lyon airport station , Lyon (France)•It provides a TGV station for the airport, but also a connection point for both TGV and airplanes into the regional road and rail system.•The building's most striking profile, based on two converging steel arches 120 meters long and 40 meters high.•The building is most obviously expressive of a bird, symbolizing flight..

history

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SANTIAGO CALATRAVA VALLS

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Analysis

Recent projects1.Tenerife opera house , SpainSited on nearly six acres next to the ocean, the building seems to rise up and over itself in the form of a wave from the waters below. Two auditoriums, totally 73,000 sq.f. with a capacity of over 2000, is contained under the wave, as well as administrative offices, below-grade parking and a public plaza (click here for section). Acoustically, the two halls were designed to be adaptable to different performances and situations, with openings that can be closed for the ideal treatment. Although the building will be the permanent home of the TSO, upcoming events include plays and even conferences that justify the variability.

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Analysis

2.Olympic sports complex , Greece

•The Olympic Stadium is covered with a roof of laminated glass, composed of a pair of bent "leaves," capable of reflecting up to 90% of the sunlight•The Nations Wall is a tubular steel wall sculpture, designed to move in a wavelike motion, creating a pleasing effect of light and shadow over the central circulation spine and can also serve as a giant vedio screen•All structures have been designed so that they can be prefabricated off-piste in large measure, reducing the need for onsite personnel and equipment and minimizing interference with other construction work on the existing buildings.

NATIONS WALL

history

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Analysis

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3.Malmo , Sweden(TURNING TORSO)Calatrava's residential tower for Malmö, at the city's West Harbour, is based in form on his sculpture Turning Torso.In the original sculpture of Turning Torso, seven cubes are set around a steel support to produce a spiral structure, which resembles a twisting human spine.In the Turning Torso building, the spiralling tower is composed of nine box units, each of five floorsThe 53rd and 54th floor, with magnificent 360-degree views, will have conference facilities driven by HSB Malmö under the name of “Torso Meeting.”nucleus of internal elevators and stairs, through which the box units communicate

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Analysis

Current projects1.WTC transportation hub

With the scheduled opening by mid-2014 according to the Port Authority, Lower Manhattan will be the third-largest transportation centre in New York with the World Trade Centre Transportation Hub $3.2-billion hub will be home to the PATH, connect to 13 subway lines via the Fulton Street Transit Centre and other terminals, and link pedestrians to the World Financial Centre (WFC) and its ferries through an underground concourse.

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Analysis

Liege Guillemin's TGV station, BelgiumLiege Guillemin's Station is a major node in the European high speed rail network; an indispensable link between London, Paris, Brussels and Germany.The concept for the design was transparency and an urban dialog with the city.Transparency is translated by the monumental vault, constructed of glass and steel, with its soaring canopies extending 145 meters over the five platforms.The huge glass building replaces the traditional facade and establishes a seamless interaction between the interior of the station and the city.

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Analysis

The station is organized vertically: Towards the Place de la Gare the rail platforms and the access footbridge stack over 3 levels.The project has no facade in the traditional sense, since the interaction between interior and exterior is seamless. The monumental roof becomes, in effect, the project’s facade

To an observer on the hill, the roof reveals something of the inner organization of the station. To an observer within the station, the structural arches of the roof frame the views to the outside.

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Analysis

Qatar photography museum

outside walls open & close depending on amount of sunlightKuwait Pavilion segmented roof opens and closes to create different textures and designs

history

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SANTIAGO CALATRAVA VALLS

Awards

Analysis

Chicago spire, Illinois(2006-2009)The building is designed to be made primarily out of concrete.The twisting exterior is designed to deflect wind.The building is designed with two emergency stairwells, in response to the 9/11 attacks in New York.The spire rests on 34 caissons drilled into the bedrock 110 feet underground. 20 caissons support the middle of the structure while 14 are arranged in a ring around the perimeter. This plot of land was originally zoned for two towers: one 35 stories, and one 55 stories tall. Because of its height the Spire's density is less than the original zoning.

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Analysis

It also appeals to bird rescue groups which say the single, taller, tower will have less of an impact on bird migration than two wider towers.The spire is expected to have up to 1,193 residences.The building's penthouse will be two-stories tall and have 10,293 square feet of space.The spire's penthouse will be the world's highest residence.

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SANTIAGO CALATRAVA VALLS

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Analysis

80 south street

80 South Street was a residential skyscraper proposed for construction in New York City. However, the project was cancelled in 2008 in the wake of a declining real estate market.

history

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SANTIAGO CALATRAVA VALLS

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Analysis

DesignThe design of the building consisted of 12 four-storey cubes stacked on top of one another, cantilevered off a central concrete column standing above an 8-storey base. The lowest two cubes, as well as the entire base, would hold offices. The upper 10 cubes were planned to serve as individual residences. Each private cube would consist of about 10,336 square feet (960 m2) of area, as well as an outdoor garden. The residences each had a cost of up to $US30 million, making them some of the most expensive condominiums in New York City.

history

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sculptures

PROJECTS Past RecentCurrent

SANTIAGO CALATRAVA VALLS

Awards

Analysis

In 1990 he received the "Médaille d´Argent de la Recherche et de la Technique", Paris. In 1992 he received the prestigious Gold Medal from the Institution of Structural Engineers. In 1993, the Museum of Modern Art in New York held a major exhibition of his work called “Structure and Expression." In 1998 he was elected to become a member of "Les Arts et Lettres," in Paris. In In 2005, Calatrava was awarded the Eugene McDermott Award by the Council for the Arts of MIT. The Award is among the most esteemed arts awards in the US.1979 August Perret Award1999 Prince of Asturias Award in Arts2000 Algur H. Meadows Award for Excellence in the Arts from the Meadows School of the Arts, Southern Methodist University2005 American Institute of Architects Gold Medal2006 Eugene McDermott Award in the Arts from the Council for the Arts at MIT,(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)2006 Honorary Engineering Degree from Rensselaer Polytechnic InstituteDesignation as a Global Leader for Tomorrow by the World Economic Forum in Davos2007 Honorary Engineering Degree from Columbia University2007 Awarded with the Spanish National Architecture Award

AWARDS

history

1990’s

sculptures

PROJECTS Past RecentCurrent

SANTIAGO CALATRAVA VALLS

Awards

Analysis

My critical analysis

PositivesI. Blend of advanced engineering techniques with

complex visual statements(movable roofs , bent beams , fragmentation).

II. Designs that add aesthetics to even utilitarian & mechanical structures like bridges.

III. Futuristic architecture which gives elegance and beauty to the space

IV. Residential buildings with excellent facilitiesNegativesI. Monotonous , characteristic feature ( foldable

beams)II. No colour variationIII. Bridge’s glass tiles are prone to break or get

slippery in local weather conditionsIV. At times may lack a subtle and homely

atmosphere.