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SCIENCE IN MOTION DISCOVERY JOURNAL
Science in MotionDiScovery Journal
Acknowledgements
This Science in Motion Discovery Journal features activities developed by the WorldStrides staff in surveying the best available physics curricula offered by educational and scientific organizations throughout the nation. We wish to acknowledge the many individuals who assisted us with this effort.
Special thanks to the Course Leader team for their guidance, encouragement, and use of program materials. They have provided us with enthusiastic support and offers to “test drive” our activity plans. We also wish to acknowledge our many educational partners in Florida, especially Walt Disney World® Theme Parks, Kennedy Space Center, Gatorland®, Egmont Key, SeaWorld® Orlando, and Dana Lawson.
In case of emergencyIf you have lost contact with your group or need assistance for a medical condition, injury, or any other emergency, please call a staff member immediately at the toll-free number listed below.
In Florida call 1-800-999-4542This number should be used for emergencies only. When you call, please be prepared to give your name, the number you are calling from, your location, your group name or teacher’s name, and the reason for the call. The person you speak with will give you further instructions.
©WorldStrides 01/09 333152
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Table o
f Co
nten
tsUsing Your Discovery Journal ................................................. 4Epcot® .................................................................................. 5
Future World ................................................................................................. 6Inventor’s Circle ............................................................................................ 6Nobel Prize ................................................................................................... 10The Land Pavilion ......................................................................................... 11Universe of Energy Pavilion .......................................................................... 14Water Conservation ...................................................................................... 15Nutrition ....................................................................................................... 15Mission: SPACE® Pavilion ............................................................................... 17Imagination! Pavilion ................................................................................... 18
World Showcase ............................................................................................... 20Mexico Pavilion ............................................................................................ 20Norway Pavilion ........................................................................................... 21France Pavilion ............................................................................................. 22China Pavilion ............................................................................................... 22Germany Pavilion ......................................................................................... 23Italy Pavilion ................................................................................................. 24Morocco Pavilion .......................................................................................... 25United Kingdom Pavilion .............................................................................. 26Canada Pavilion ............................................................................................ 27Japan Pavilion .............................................................................................. 28
Kennedy Space Center ........................................................... 29The Space Program ............................................................................................. 29Launch Status Room ........................................................................................... 30Kennedy Space Center Quiz ................................................................................. 31Lunch with an Astronaut..................................................................................... 33
Gatorland® .......................................................................... 34Gators and Crocs ................................................................................................. 34Endangered Reptiles ........................................................................................... 35Vocabulary .......................................................................................................... 36
Lift Off ................................................................................. 37Atmospheric Layers............................................................................................. 37Aircrafts .............................................................................................................. 38SpaceSuits in a Vacuum....................................................................................... 39
Barrier Islands ...................................................................... 40Spiny Dogfish ...................................................................................................... 43
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Table of Contents
Magic Kingdom® Park ........................................................... 46Newton’s First Law .............................................................................................. 46Physics Principles ................................................................................................ 47Forces and Acceleration ...................................................................................... 47Application of Newton’s Three Laws .................................................................... 49Energy ................................................................................................................ 49Human Energy .................................................................................................... 49
Disney’s Animal Kingdom® .................................................... 50Extinction ........................................................................................................... 50Surviving to Thriving Scavenger Hunt ................................................................. 51Illegal Trafficking of Exotic Species ...................................................................... 53
Disney-MGM Studios ............................................................. 54Imagine It, Explore It, Create It ............................................................................ 54Making a Public Service Announcement ............................................................. 55 Performing ......................................................................................................... 60
SeaWorld® Orlando ............................................................... 61Marine Mammals ................................................................................................ 61
Polar Bears ................................................................................................... 61Sharks .......................................................................................................... 63Dolphins ....................................................................................................... 66Pinnipeds ..................................................................................................... 68Eels ............................................................................................................... 68
Recycling ............................................................................................................ 69
Science in Motion Wrap-up .................................................... 70Tampa Bingo ....................................................................................................... 70
Notes ................................................................................... 71
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Science in
Mo
tion
4
Using Your Discovery JournalKeeping a journal is an important part of fieldwork. A scientist uses it to provide a permanent record of what is going on in the natural world. When you look back at pages from weeks gone by, you will know what day it was when you saw particular things. If you keep a journal for many years, you will begin to notice patterns.
A Discovery Journal is like a diary, where you keep all the information you gather in the field. Here are some questions to think about while you use your Discovery Journal:
•..What kinds of information will you want to record about the site you are visiting?•..What kinds of information will you need to record about the animals or plants that you observe?•..What other information will help you make sense of what you observe or help you to find patterns?
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Usi
ng
Yo
ur
Dis
cove
ry J
ou
rnal
5
Epco
t®
Disney’s Epcot®
The name Epcot® is derived from the acronym E.P.C.O.T. (Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow), a utopian city of the future planned by Walt Disney. In Walt Disney’s words, “Epcot® will take its cue from the new ideas and new technologies that are now emerging from the creative centers of American industry. It will be a community of tomorrow that will never be completed, but will always be introducing, testing, and demonstrating new materials and systems. And Epcot® will always be a showcase to the world for the ingenuity and imagination of American free enterprise.”
Complete the team challenges that appear on the following pages of this book. The challenges will lead you to different areas of the park where your team must answer clues and questions about Epcot®’s exhibits.
Your Course Leader will assign each team a group number and order to follow through the park as your team answers the questions. The first team that completes their questions will be awarded a prize. Good luck!
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Epcot®
Inventor’s Circle
1. I was born in Massachusetts in 1890 and earned one of the only joint Ph.D. degrees from Harvard and MIT ever awarded.
I created the company, Raytheon, which is still a prominent company in the world today.
One of my own Ph.D. students at MIT, where I was a professor in later life, was Frederick Terman who was instrumental in the genesis of “Silicon Valley.”
It is likely that you have my invention sitting on your desk at home or in your school library.
WHO AM I? _____________________________________
WHY AM I IN THE INVENTOR’S CIRCLE? ________________________
______________________________________________________
2. I was born in Ayrshire, Scotland in 1881.
I won a scholarship to attend school in London, eventually graduating from the Royal College of Surgeons in England, one of the most prestigious medical
training universities in the world today.
I was a medical doctor during World War I, where I saved many lives.
One day, I was working in my lab and accidentally discovered something huge. My motto has since been, “One sometimes finds what one is not looking for.”
WHO AM I? ____________________________________
WHY AM I IN THE INVENTOR’S CIRCLE? ______________________
______________________________________________________
Visit the Inventor’s Circle to explore some of the most influential pioneers in science. Answer the questions below, then continue to your next challenge.
?
?
Future World
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Epcot®
3. I was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, in 1877.
When I was young, I learned how to play the cornet. I was so talented that I won a scholarship to the National Conservatory of Music.
Because of my small size, my fellow classmates nicknamed me “Babe.”
I eventually made a key discovery in human genetics.
WHO AM I? ______________________________________
WHY AM I IN THE INVENTOR’S CIRCLE? _____________________
__________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
4. I was born in Rome, Italy on September 29, 1901.
During the early years of my career in Rome, I occupied myself with electro-dynamic problems and theoretical investigations on various spectroscopic phenomena.
However, I am best known for my work in the later part of my career.
Thorough a series of tests and trials, even one conducted on a squash playing court, I discovered something that would change the world forever.
WHO AM I? ______________________________________
WHY AM I IN THE INVENTOR’S CIRCLE? _____________________
___________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
?
?
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Inventor’s Circle continued
5. I was born in Belgium in 1822, and I eventually emigrated to nearby France.
If you can define “electroplating,” then you will have a good idea of the invention for which I am famous.
Think about how you were transported here and you can likely figure out who I am. I am at the heart of transportation.
WHO AM I? ____________________________________
WHY AM I IN THE INVENTOR’S CIRCLE? __________________
_______________________________________________
______________________________________________________
6. I was born in 1822 in a region called Silesia, which is now the Czech Republic.
During the early years of my life, I was always fascinated by the garden, where I would spend my days after school.
As an adult, I committed myself to a monastic life and joined the Abbey ofSt. Thomas.
My early love of gardening stayed with me throughout my life and most of the experiments that I am known for involve my favorite pea plants.
WHO AM I? ____________________________________
WHY AM I IN THE INVENTOR’S CIRCLE? _____________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
?
?
Epcot®
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7. I was born in London, England, in 1955. My parents were both mathematicians and taught me to use math everywhere – even the dinner table!
One day, in college, I built a computer using a soldering iron and an old television set.
In professional circles today, many people simply call me “TBL.”
WHO AM I? ______________________________________
WHY AM I IN THE INVENTOR’S CIRCLE? ____________________
_______________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
8. I was born in 1580 in the Netherlands.
My father was a spectacle-maker and believed that I would follow in his footsteps for my future career.
My father and I were very close, so much so that some believe my father played a large part in helping me create my invention.
I am credited for inventing one of the first machines that help us look at ourselves more closely.
My invention led to many other inventions and is still used (in a more advanced form) in science classrooms all over the world today.
WHO AM I? _______________________________________
WHY AM I IN THE INVENTOR’S CIRCLE? __________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
?
?
Epcot®
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9. I was born in Pisa, the Tuscany region of Italy, in 1564.
My early career accomplishments were mainly in the areas of mathematics, geometry, and astronomy.
My fascination with astronomy inspired my quest to truly understand the universe and ultimately led me to my success.
Many disagreed with me, though, and it became a challenge later to defend myself and my invention later in life.
WHO AM I? _________________________________________
WHY AM I IN THE INVENTOR’S CIRCLE? __________________________
______________________________________________________
10. I was born in 1867 in Warsaw, Poland.
My parents were teachers and I developed a love of learning early in life.
To escape political uprising in my own country, I moved to Paris, where I studied and eventually earned my Ph.D. in Physics.
I became the first female professor of Physics in the Faculty of General Science – an accomplishment of which I am very proud.
With the help of my husband, I discovered one of the elements on the Periodic Table.
WHO AM I? _________________________________________
WHY AM I IN THE INVENTOR’S CIRCLE? __________________________
______________________________________________________
Inventor’s Circle continued
?
?
Epcot®
1. What is the Nobel Prize?
2. Where is it awarded?
3. What is the significance of the Nobel Prize?
Nobel Prize
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The Land PavilionBioengineering of Food
1. Where does food production come from?
2. What is bioengineered food?
3. What is the difference between compost fertilizer and chemical fertilizer?
4. In a simple way, what is organic food?
Epcot®
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Living with the LandExperience the Living with the Land boat ride to discover the answers to the following questions.
1. What animals’ homes help create the rich soil of the prairies?
2. Who has the greatest effect on the land? What are some of these effects?
3. What are two beneficial techniques that people use to live with the land?
4. Name two plants that are grown in the greenhouse.
5. What does Epcot® call “fish farming?”
Epcot®
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6. Name the fish that are being farmed in this pavilion.
7. Which animal was once endangered but is no longer endangered thanks to farming?
8. What is hydroponics?
9. Which company is growing crops by recycling oxygen and waste? Why?
Epcot®
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Universe of Energy PavilionFuel Innovation
1. List some of the innovations for new fuel production.
2. How is corn or soybean oil used in alternative fuel production?
Imagination SolutionProvide at least two ways that you can conserve energy in your home or community.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Epcot®
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Water ConservationA person can live up to one week without water. How much do you know about water?
1. How much water is used to flush a toilet? a) 1-3 gallons b) 4-7 gallons c) 8-11 gallons d) 12-15 gallons
2. How much water is used to brush your teeth? a) 2 gallons b) 3 gallons c) 4 gallons d) 5 gallons
3. The average household uses how much water in a year? a) 150,000 gallons b) 75,000 gallons c) 200,000 gallons d) 245,000 gallons
4. On average, how much water is used to hand wash dishes? a) 20 gallons b) 5 gallons c) 30 gallons d) 10 gallons
5. Of the Earth’s water, how much is suitable for drinking? a) 40% b) 20% c) 1% d) 8%
6. How much of the Earth’s surface is water? a) 80% b) 50% c) 60% d) 30%
7. The human body is made up of what percentage water? a) 30% b) 90% c) 70% d) 50%
8. Which of the following household activities use the most water? a) lawn watering b) bath c) shower d) washing clothes
1. What did you eat during the day at Epcot®?
2. What are some ways you can improve your diet?
Nutrition
Epcot®
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After experiencing Universe of Energy, see if you can correctly match up column A with column B.
Column A_____ Nonrenewable energy sources that come from fossilized
plants and animals and cannot be replenished
_____ Splitting radioactive uranium atoms to create heat energy
_____ Source of energy that is virtually inexhaustible and is naturally and quickly replenished
_____ Energy derived from the sun
_____ Renewable source of energy that uses wind to turn a windmill
_____ Solar-powered device that is able to cook food
_____ Renewable source of energy that comes from water and is harnessed to produce electricity
_____ Source of energy found or stored in nature
_____ Source of energy that is either unable to be replaced naturally or is naturally replaced very slowly
_____ Source of energy produced from primary energy sources using technology
Column BA. Fossil fuels
B. Hydropower
C. Nonrenewable energy
D. Nuclear energy
E. Primary energy source
F. Renewable energy source
G. Secondary energy source
H. Solar energy
I. Solar oven
J. Wind energy
Epcot®
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Were the pulses faster, slower, or the same after riding Mission: SPACE®?
Why?
How does living in space affect the heart rate?
Why do you think that high blood pressure might be dangerous for an astronaut?
Pulse before riding Pulse after riding
Team Member One
Team Member Two
Team Member Three
Team Member Four
Team Member Five
Team Member Six
Mission: SPACE® PavilionAll team members should take their pulse before and after experiencing Mission: SPACE®. In order to do this, count how many times your pulse beats in a 15-second time period. Then multiply this number by 4. The answer will be your “beats per minute,” or bpm. Fill your results in the chart below.
Note: The “normal” pulse is 72 bpm for men and 80 bpm for women.
Epcot®
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Imagination! PavilionSo you want to be an imagineer?
Walt Disney Imagineering is the world’s premier creator of magical and memorable places: theme parks, resorts, communities, and venues yet to be invented.
The philosophy of Walt Disney was that “our work will always embody the blending of creative and technological innovation with the essence of great Disney storytelling. Our culture will always embrace both dreamers and doers; we celebrate our people for the memories they created in the past and the magic they will create in the future.”
It’s time for your team to design a piece of that magic – the next attraction at Epcot® theme park! Use the following questions as a guide to help you in creating an entertaining experience for the whole family.
• Whoisyouraudience?
• Whatisthethemeofyourvenue?
• Whatmaterialswillyouneed?
• Whatspecialeffectswillyouuse?
• Whoisyourcelebritynarrator?
• Whattypeofmusicisplayedduringyourattractionexperience?
• Whatcolor(s)isyourattraction?
Make your design on the next page and bring to your Course Leader for review. Be creative and inventive!
Epcot®
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Epcot®
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__ __ __ __ __ T H E __ __ __ __
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Mexico PavilionHave fun exploring Plaza de Los Amigos in the Mexico pavilion. Look around the entire marketplace, as some items are displayed in more than one location. Read the sentences below and follow the directions. Fill in the blanks at the bottom of the page, and you will spell out a traditional Mexican celebration.
1. There is “una camisa” that costs more than $20.00. A. If this is True, write D on line 1. B. If this is False, write E on line 1.
2. There is “un sombrero” that could fit on a little doll. A. If this is True, write A on line 2. B. If this is False, write L on line 2.
3. There is “una silla“ with white legs. A. If this is True, write E on line 3. B. If this is False, write Y on line 3.
4. There is “un cinturón” made of leather. A. If this is True, write O on line 4. B. If this is False, write R on line 4.
5. There is “una piñata” that looks like Mickey Mouse. A. If this is True, write E on line 5. B. If this is False, write F on line 5.
6. There is “una canasta” that costs more than $5.00. A. If this is True, write D on line 6. B. If this is False, write N on line 6.
7. There are “los flores” for less than $5.00 each. A. If this is True, write U on line 7. B. If this is False, write E on line 7.
8. There is “un bolso” that costs less than $5.00. A. If this is True, write W on line 8. B. If this is False, write A on line 8.
9. There is “una bandera” with an eagle and a snake on it. A. If this is True, write D on line 9. B. If this is False, write E on line 9.
World ShowcaseExplore many different countries and cultures at Epcot®’s World Showcase. After visiting each country’s pavilion, answer the questions that follow.
Epcot®
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Norway PavilionBegin your Norway adventure by exploring the village. Complete the following challenge and record your answers in the spaces provided.
Before riding the Maelstrom attraction, find out about these famous Norwegians.
Olaf II
Rognvald
Erik the Red
Oseberg
While riding the Maelstrom attraction, write down four icons that represent Norway.1.
2.
3.
4.
Epcot®
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France PavilionFrance is well-known for its amazing perfumeries. Visit one of the French shops and learn about this type of art form.
What is the process of making perfumes?
What is the most expensive perfume in the shop?
China PavilionThe Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests is the most famous building in the Temple of Heaven in Beijing, China. Numbers are symbolic to the Chinese people. Take a walk inside the building to find the answers to the riddle below.
There are columns along the outer wall, and larger ones in the center of the hall.
Divide the large number by the one that is the least, then look for the dragons, north, south, west, and east.
Take the answer you find, add the number of claws, that you will discover on the emperor’s dragon’s paw!
1. Number of outer columns: ____________
2. Number of center columns: ___________
3. Divide item 2 into item 1: ____________
4. Number of claws: _________________
5. Add item 3 and item 4: ______________
This number represents prosperity and good luck in the Chinese culture!
Epcot®
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Germany PavilionMatch the item to the store where you would find it by drawing a line between them.
1. Cookies Der Bücherwurm
2. Lunch Süssigkeiten
3. Books Die Weihnachts Ecke
4. Hummel figurine Volkskunst
5. Christmas ornaments Biergarten
Epcot®
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Italy PavilionCiao! Welcome to Italy. Each year millions of people travel to the Italian peninsula to discover its ancient cities and art treasures. See if you can discover the answers to the questions below.
Which city is represented by the Italy Showcase? _____________________________
Which palace is represented by the Italy Showcase? ___________________________
What type of stone is plentiful in Italy? __________________________________
Italy is well-known for its mosaics, frescoes, stained glass, and sculptures.
What is a mosaic? _______________________________________________
What is a fresco? ________________________________________________
What Italian artist created many famous frescoes? ___________________________
Which type of performing art was invented in Italy that tells a story through singing?
__________________________________________________________
What is the city of Venice known for? ____________________________________
What Italian city had the first network of roads? _____________________________
Epcot®
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Kumya __ __ __ __ __ __
Ghorraf __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
Qergaba __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
Qteb __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
Metumush __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
Darbuka __ __ __ __
Deblij __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
Qandil __ __ __ __ __ __ __
Guza __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
Ghtar __ __ __ __ __
Morocco PavilionStart in the city of Marrakesh. In the far corner is a tall prayer tower called Koutoubia__ __ __ __ __ __ __. The prayer caller, or __ __ __ __ __ __ __, stands at the top of the tower to call everyone to prayer.
Look back across the square to find the Gallery of Art and History. Take a look inside. Using the items on display, write down the English translation for the words written in Arabic.
Read the boxes going down, then search the city to find that building. What is it?
__________________________________________________________
Epcot®
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United Kingdom PavilionEven though English is the official language of both the United Kingdom and the United States, certain words need to be “translated.” Below is a list of American words and their British counterparts. Match the words correctly by drawing a line between them.
American English British English
Vacation FlatLine ChipsApartment MackintoshRaincoat QueueFrench Fries ServiettePotato Chips HolidayElevator LollySneakers SconesDiaper CrispsNapkin TrainersBiscuits LiftPopsicle Nappy
Now, as a team, create a story using all the words from the British English column. The most creative story will earn bonus points!
Epcot®
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Canada PavilionTotem poles are used to tell a story and are often built to celebrate special occasions. Draw a totem pole that you might build if you were a member of a Canadian tribe. Use symbols, animals, and objects that depict your team’s favorite activities, hobbies, family pets, special times, or personalities of your team members. After watching the film, you will have a better idea of the diverse people of Canada.
Epcot®
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Japan PavilionAfter solving each riddle, use the circled red letters to fill in the blanks in the puzzle below. Then unscramble the letters to discover a Japanese greeting!
I house the sun, moon, and stars.I have many colors.
I can be as bright as day or dark as night.Here is where the Pagoda stops.
I am at the very top. WHAT AM I?
___ ___ ___
I am invisible, yet you can see me move.Cranes, Egrets, and other birds can travel upon me.
Man can too.I can travel over mountains, through trees, and across seas.
I am needed to sail boats that transport the Japanese. WHAT AM I?
___ ___ ___ ___
Water and wind can control me.I can destroy things and create things.
I can be blue and still very hot. The Japanese use me to warm them when they are cold.
And to melt down metals, even gold. WHAT AM I?
___ ___ ___ ___
I cover all of the planet.I am necessary for all living things.
I am a way of life for people in Japan. They put their boats and nets in me.
I am used for food, travel, and joy.I also house their favorite koi.
WHAT AM I?___ ___ ___ ___ ___
I am billions of years old.I am home to all living things.
I have crust on the outside and a melted core on the inside.I provide the Japanese with a place to plant their peaceful gardens
and bonsai trees.WHAT AM I?
___ ___ ___ ___ ___
____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ _____ O N C
Epcot®
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Ken
ned
y Space C
enter
The Space ProgramAmerica hopes to arrive on the planet Mars one day. What challenges do we face in this quest and how do we overcome them?
What is the budget of NASA’s Space Program?
What technological advancements have also come about through the space program?
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Launch Status RoomWhat are the challenges of future development for the space program?
What are the next steps in the space program?
How would you create a different space program?
Kennedy Space Center
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Kennedy Space CenterKennedy Space Center Quiz1. What historic event took place on October 4, 1957?
a. Neil Armstrong took his first steps on the moon.b. Sputnik 1, the first man-made object to orbit Earth was launched by Russia.c. Alan Shepard became the first American launched into outer space.d. Disney launched a weekly television series called “Man in Space.”
2. Who was the first human to reach outer space?a. Alan Shepardb. John F. Kennedyc. John Glennd. Yuri Gagarin
3. Space shuttles land like airplanes. How did America’s first space capsule land?a. It bounced on a huge trampoline at Cape Canaveral.b. It landed with a thud in the desert somewhere in New Mexico.c. It splashed down in the ocean.d. It didn’t. It is still orbiting the Earth.
4. How fast must a rocket go to remain in Earth’s orbit? a. 65 mph b. 17,500 mph c. Mach one d. Speed of light
5. When the Space Shuttle orbiter lands on Earth, there are designated landing places where they can land. Which is not a designated landing place?a. Edwards Air Force Base in Californiab. Houston Space Centerc. Kennedy Space Centerd. White Sands, New Mexico
6. How do astronauts train for an EVA (extravehicular activity)?a. Join a circus for six monthsb. Scuba dive under water in space suitsc. Take a machine shop classd. Use guide wires that allow you to float through the air
7. Which of these animals has never been in space?a. Snailb. Dogc. Spiderd. Squirrel
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Kennedy Space Center8. How can astronauts experience weightlessness on Earth for 30 seconds?
a. Ride Space Mountain at the Magic Kingdom® Parkb. Close their eyes and spin 25 timesc. Fly in parabolic curves in a modified jet airplaned. Jump off a very tall building
9. Astronauts on the Mercury Program, the first American program designed to take man to the moon, could not be taller than 5’11”.a. Trueb. False
10. Three men were in the crew of Apollo 11, the first mission to land on the moon. Only two men landed. Who was left to orbit the moon in the command module?a. Neil Armstrongb. Michael Collinsc. Buzz Aldrin
11. The Russians picked Valentina Tereshkova to be the first woman in space because of her hobby. What was her hobby?a. Deep sea divingb. Piloting a jetc. Parachute jumping
12. An orbiter is extremely difficult to land. It is often referred to as a flying brick. Since it lands like a glider and has no engines to take off and try again, it requires tremendous skill and training to land. How many times must a shuttle pilot practice landing the orbiter in a simulator before being allowed to actually land?a. A dozen timesb. Until the pilot gets it rightc. One thousand times
13. One outcome of our space exploration, in addition to the knowledge we have gained about our universe, is “spin-offs.” These are products that have been developed through experiments and adapted for use on Earth. Which one is not a spin-off from space?a. Rubber bandsb. Scratch-proof sunglassesc. Air cushioned athletic shoesd. Lightweight wires on orthodontic bracese. Velcro
14. Which of the names below was not the name of a Space Shuttle orbiter?a. Atlantisb. Endeavorc. Discoveryd. Saturne. Columbiaf. Challenger
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Kennedy Space Center
Lunch with an AstronautHere are some sample questions to ask the astronaut!
What is it like to fly on a space flight?
How fast do you travel when launched?
What is the difference between a life science mission and a materials science mission?
What research project did you work on in space?
How long were you in space?
What is a closed loop system?
What happens to the human body in space?
What are the dangers of the job?
What happens when the space shuttle is landing?
What is the difference between orbit field and plasma field?
Do you need to be able to speak another language besides English in order to become an astronaut?
Are people ever going to be able to live in the International Space Station (ISS) for more than three months?
What is the re-supply vehicle?
What is astro-genetics?
Does medicine in space have side effects?
How does someone become an astronaut?
Has space exploration discovered extra-terrestrial life?
What is the Hubble space satellite?
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Gat
orl
and
®Gators and CrocsIn what ways are alligators and crocodiles similar?
How are they different?
How do alligators and crocodiles use their watery environment to hunt for their prey?
How do crocodilians regulate their body temperature?
If all the crocodiles suddenly died in a particular area, how might this affect the ecosystem? What problems might this raise for the nearby human population?
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Gatorland®
Endangered ReptilesWhat do the blue racer snake, the monito gecko, and the blunt-nosed leopard lizard have in common (besides cool animal names)? They are all endangered reptiles.
The American alligator was once endangered, too. Scientists estimate that between 1870 and 1970 about 10 million American alligators were killed for their meat, skin, and for sport. In an effort to save this species from extinction, the U.S. government passed a law making it illegal to kill these reptiles. In just 20 years, the American alligator rebounded. Today, there are millions of these creatures in the southern states, such as Florida.
If the American alligator can return from the brink of extinction, then perhaps other endangered reptiles can be helped as well.
During your visit to Gatorland today, your mission is to select a snake, lizard, turtle, crocodile, or alligator that is endangered. You must then research it and propose some ways that it might be saved.
The reptile you selected: _____________________________________________________________________
Scientific name: __________________________________________________________________________
How do you know that it is endangered? (List specific sources in which you found this information.)
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Habitat: _______________________________________________________________________________
Diet: _________________________________________________________________________________
Predators: _____________________________________________________________________________
Some reasons that it is endangered: ______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
What steps might be taken to help increase the population of this endangered reptile?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
What could be some consequences if this endangered reptile became extinct?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
36
Gatorland®
What is the difference between an alligator and a crocodile?•. Alligators have a rounded snout while crocodiles
have a triangular snout.
•. In alligators, the fourth lower tooth fits into a socket in the upper jaw. In crocodiles, this tooth can be seen when the mouth is closed.
•. Alligators can tolerate colder weather than crocodiles can.
Vocabularycaiman crèche: a gathering of young crocodilians in a river that appears, to other animals, to be one larger predator
crocodilian: describes the group of reptiles that includes alligators and crocodiles
binocular vision: involving both eyes at the same time; having two eyes arranged to produce vision that can estimate the distance of an object
food chain: a transfer of energy from one organism to another in an ecosystem; a system of predator and prey in which each animal eats the next “lower” on the food chain
healthy genetic stock: a population of animals with diverse DNA
predator: an animal that kills other animals for food
state of torpor: a state of inactivity that helps an animal conserve energy when it lowers its metabolic rate
37
Lift Off
Atmospheric Layers 1. Label the five different layers of the atmosphere below.
Satellites
Meteors
Weather Balloon
Mt. Everest
0 km (Sea level)
~12 km
~50 km
~85 km
~500 km
38
Lift Off
Rocket Questions1. Explain Bernoulli’s principle and name several organisms that use this mechanism to generate lift.
2. Who were the first people to fly a controlled, heavier-than-air craft?
3. How does the flight of a helicopter differ from that of a plane?
4. Describe how sound is transmitted through air on radio waves. Are radio waves the same as light waves? Explain.
5. What is sonic boom and how is it created?
6. How does a rocket escape Earth’s gravity?
7. What makes one rocket perform better than another (hint – think of things that affect its weight)?
8. How many fins does a rocket need to be stabilized? Are fins necessary in space?
9. What happens if you move the fins closer to the nose of the rocket?
39
Lift Off
Spacesuits in a Vacuum1. Describe a “space” vacuum.
2. Why do astronauts need to wear spacesuits? Briefly explain how spacesuits work.
3. Draw and label the four main parts of a comet below (nucleus, coma, dust tail, and ion tail). Be sure to indicate the location of the sun relative to your comet.
4. Explain the difference between short and long-period comets. Do they originate from the same place?
5. What causes the tail of the comet to form?
6. Explain what each ingredient you used to create your comet represents in a real comet.
7. What is celestial navigation? Why is it easier to use in the Northern Hemisphere (versus the Southern Hemisphere)?
8. How many constellations are there in the night sky? What is an asterism?
40
Barrier islands surround about two thirds of Florida’s coast. What are barrier islands?
Barrier islands are typically broken into four zones. From the ocean inward, they are: beach, dune, barrier flat, and salt marsh.
In the following chart, list at least one plant and one animal that may be found in each of the four zones.
Zone Plants Animals
Beach
Dune
Barrier flat
Salt marsh
Bar
rier
Isla
nd
s
41
What factors did you see affect the plant life throughout the zones?
Describe native and exotic species with examples you learned while visiting a barrier island. What are the risks associated with exotic species?
Explain fire ecology, including its role and importance in Florida.
What are mangrove trees and why are they important?
Barrier Islands
42
Barrier Islands
Species Native or Exotic Interesting Fact
What is a keystone species? Give an example.
As you explore the island, fill out the following chart listing key plant and animal species that your Course Leader discusses. Following each species, list whether it is native or exotic and an interesting fact.
43
Barrier Islands
Spiny DogfishComplete the following food chain.
The spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias, is one of the most abundant sharks in the world. It is in a group of fish (Chondrichthyans) that are made up of cartilage instead of bone. Spiny dogfish are sometimes collected accidentally and called bycatch. Because they are abundant, they are great for physiology education.
A great way to study the health of an ecosystem is to study the top predators. If the top of the food chain is healthy, it is highly likely that the entire food chain is healthy. By studying spiny dogfish, you can identify the health of its habitat and learn about this organism’s unique adaptations for dealing with life in the water.
During the spiny dogfish dissection, completely label the following diagram.
External features of the spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) (Miller and Lea 1972).
Sharks
44
Barrier Islands
Spiny Dogfish continued
Ventral view of the internal anatomy of the spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) (Wischnitzer 1972).
45
Barrier Islands
Spiny Dogfish continued
1. Describe the primary senses that sharks use to detect their prey.
2. What adaptations allow sharks to remain neutrally buoyant in the water column?
3. Describe several adaptations sharks have evolved in their digestive tracts.
4. What is “form fits function?” Explain using examples from the dissection.
5. Like all members of its family, the spiny dogfish is ovoviviparous. What does this mean?
46
Newton’s First LawUnscramble each physics term. Then use the numbered letters to solve the second puzzle, another name for the first of Newton’s three laws of motion.
AIVRYTG __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 5EINKTCI REGENY __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 13 9RNTEAII __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 11 14TFRIICON __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 6LCIEAROATENC __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 4RIENTTCPALE CFERO __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 8LCIYETVO __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 10 12EMMUTONM __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 3PITTALOEN GNYREE __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 1OSTP HEHGTI __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 2G-SECRFO __ _-_ __ __ __ __ __ __ 7
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ _W_ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Mag
ic K
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ark
47
Magic Kingdom® Park
Physics PrinciplesWeightlessnessAccording to Einstein’s Principle of Equivalence, an observer cannot tell the difference between the absence of gravitational forces and being in a state of free fall. Both observers would experience “weightlessness.”
If the force of gravity acts on an object, it is in a state of free fall. Diving off a high dive, or bungee cord jumping produces this sensation. When an upside down cup of water is dropped, the water will not fall out. The water appears weightless because it is falling just like the cup.
After a football is kicked, it is in a state of free fall. It follows the path called a parabola. NASA trains astronauts to deal with weightlessness by putting them in a plane that flies in a parabolic path. A roller coaster can also achieve “weightlessness” if the track follows a parabolic path like a camelback hump. A steep coaster hill, which has the shape of a half parabola, also produces a near-weightless sensation.
Forces and AccelerationAcceleration is a change in speed or a change in direction that is produced by a force. Newton’s Laws of Motion describe the relationship between acceleration and forces.
Newton’s First LawObjects at rest remain at rest and objects in motion remain in motion unless acted upon by an external force.
Example: A table cloth can be pulled out from beneath a set of dishes, if it is pulled quickly. This is because the dishes have what is called inertia, or a tendency to remain at rest. A bowling ball on the other hand, once set in motion will continue in a straight line forever, unless it hits the pins, or friction eventually supplies the force to slow it down.
Newton’s Second LawEvery acceleration, or change in speed or direction, requires a force. The greater the acceleration, the greater the required force.
Example: If two objects undergo the same acceleration, the more massive of the two will require a greater force. When we say that something is a force of 3 g’s, this means that the force is three times the force of the normal weight.
Newton’s Third LawFor every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Example: If two people are engaged in a tug of war and the rope pulls the same on each end, but in opposite directions, the loser is the one with the poorest footing or least force.
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Magic Kingdom® Park
49
Application of Newton’s Three LawsOn a roller coaster, it is the acceleration that produces the thrills. Accelerations can be either changes in speed or changes in direction. While experiencing accelerations, passengers feel heavy or light, feel pushed back into their seats or thrown forward, or feel like they are thrown to the left or to the right.
A force is required to make a coaster slow down. If the change in speed occurs quickly, the seat of the coaster car can’t produce enough force and the passengers feel as if they are thrown forward. Actually the coaster car stopped and they didn’t stop. These forces are generally less than 1 g.
If the horizontal speed is increased, the back of the seats must push the passengers. They, in turn, feel pushed back into their seats. This sensation occurs especially for passengers in the last coaster car at the top of the hills.
Sometimes several kinds of acceleration are occurring at the same time. On the first drop, the coaster cars are dropping, but are at the same time turning a very tight corner at a high speed. As a result, the passengers feel heavy, even though they are dropping.
Magic Kingdom® Park
EnergyRoller coaster cars do not have a motor. A heavy-duty motor attached to a chain pulls them up the first hill. At the top of the first hill, the roller coaster cars have what is called gravitational potential energy (GPE). It is computed with an equation: mgh (the displacement over which the work done equals the height of the lift). They have the greatest GPE when they are at the highest point. After the center of mass passes over the top of the hill, the coaster cars begin to speed up. They begin to lose their GPE as gravity pulls them down the hill and they gain kinetic energy (KE) or energy of motion (KE = ½ mv²). The total amount of energy remains the same. As they go up the next hill, they slow down and lose kinetic energy while gaining gravitational potential energy.
Human Energy1. What is human energy?
2. Why is it important to use the food pyramid when selecting food choices?
50
Status Definition Examples
EXTINCT Last remaining individual of the species has died
Dinosaurs, dodo bird, passenger pigeon, Barbary
lion, Bali tiger
EXTINCT IN THE WILD
Only survives in captivity, reintroduced populations,
or outside its native habitat
Przewalski’s horse, Sahara oryx, black-footed ferret,
Mexican gray wolf
CRITICALLYENDANGERED
Faces an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild
Red wolf, golden lemur, black rhinoceros, angle shark, California condor
ENDANGERED Faces a very high risk of extinction in the wild
Giant panda, orangutan, Grevy’s zebra, gorilla, blue
whale, brown kiwi
VULNERABLE Faces a high risk of extinction in the wild
African lion, wolverine, hippopotamus, polar bear,
American crocodile
NEAR THREATENED
Does not face a high risk of extinction, but is likely to be threatened in the near
future
Black-tailed prairie dog, cougar, striped hyena, giant
anteater, jaguar
LEAST CONCERN Species is thriving, widespread, and abundant
Gray seal, naked mole-rat, American beaver, giraffe,
bald eagle
ExtinctionScientists strongly believe that today’s rate of extinction is much higher than the natural rate – about 1,000 times higher than it was before humans appeared on Earth. The primary force driving current extinctions is habitat destruction, whether through pollution, climate change, or development for human land use. Hunting, the introduction of non-native species, and the spread of disease also pose significant risks to the planet’s biological heritage.
In response to the extinction epidemic, conservationists began identifying animal and plant species that are “endangered,” and then grouping them according to the severity of threats to their survival. Internationally, the World Conservation Union (IUCN) Red List is the most widely-accepted standard for classifying threatened species and monitoring their progress. It uses the following categories.
Dis
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Disney’s Animal Kingdom®
Theme ParkSurviving to Thriving Scavenger HuntIt’s time for your group to take action. As zookeepers at Disney’s Animal Kingdom®, you have the chance to save a species that is extinct in the wild. Some of the only surviving members of the species live in the park, and you are in charge of breeding a new population, reintroducing it to the wild, and ensuring that it can survive on its own and eventually move off the Red List.
How will you do this? Start at your extinct animal’s exhibit and take an excursion through the park. Using the clues below, search for the five animals listed on the back of your group’s species card. For each animal you correctly identify, your species will move up through the Red List – from Extinct in the Wild to Least Concern, where your species is once again thriving in its native habitat. WHO AM I?1. At the park, I live on the Oasis, which showcases animals from all over the world. In reality, I live
in the central areas of Central and South America. I am a very solitary animal and I like to eat up to 30,000 insects a day! My tongue is at least two feet long. The IUCN says I am a vulnerable species, but my population is growing more than it is shrinking. WHO AM I?
____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
2. I live on the Discovery Island® Trails, near the Tree of Life. Unlike other animals, I live for a very long time. Although my name would suggest I can be found in only one location, that isn’t so. I can be found on many of the islands in the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean. I was once on the endangered list, but now I have moved up the list to vulnerable due to successful breeding programs. The IUCN lists me as vulnerable. WHO AM I?
____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
3. Come visit me on the Kilimanjaro Safaris®. I am native to the eastern and central regions of Africa. I do have a reputation of being aggressive, but that is mostly due to my large and cumbersome size. I mainly eat plants and I get along with my fellow species. I like to live by myself, only getting together with my family members when necessary. I am now critically endangered because I am hunted for specific body parts. Most of my fellow subspecies are now officially extinct. WHO AM I?
____ ____ ____ ___ ____
____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
52
4. You’ll find us at the Pangani Forest Exploration Trail® exhibit. We are the largest of the living primates, and we are ground-dwelling herbivores that inhabit the forests of Africa. In the wild, we live with each other closely. We are unique, like humans, in that we each have our own fingerprints. The males in our group are very protective of the females and just don’t seem to understand that our species is endangered – that means a high risk of extinction. WHO ARE WE?
____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
5. You’ll see my cousin as you enter the Maharajah Jungle Trek®. He lives throughout most of Asia, but he doesn’t live in India. He is the largest of his species and is easily identified by the markings that extend from his shoulders. What’s really funny is that he has four toes on his front feet and three toes on his back feet. The IUCN lists him as endangered, but in some countries, his species appears to be growing. WHO IS HE?
____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
____ ____ ____ ____ ____
6. You will need to take the Wildlife Express Train in order to find me at Rafiki’s Planet Watch®, formerly Conservation Station® in the park. Once there, you will want to find me. Currently, I am only found in Colombia, South America. Most often, our female species gives birth to sets of twins! And, in Germany, I am referred to as the “Liszt Monkey” because they say I resemble the famous composer Franz Liszt. The IUCN says I am endangered. WHO AM I? (This is a BONUS question)
____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
Disney’s Animal Kingdom®
Theme Park
53
Illegal Trafficking of Exotic Species1. What are some examples of exotic animal species?
2. What is the impact of an invasive species in a habitat and what are some ways to prevent this invasive spread?
Disney’s Animal Kingdom®
Theme Park
54
Dis
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Imagine It, Explore It, Create ItWrite the number of the correct definition in the box next to the vocabulary word.
A. Artist 1. Person responsible for preparation of sketches and designs for a production, as well as for correct construction and dressing of the sets
B. Backdrop 2. Performers, stunt people, actors, and actresses. People who perform in front of a camera
C. Location 3. A numbered section of a script intended to be shot in one set-up
D. Atmosphere 4. All scenes shot inside of a building
E. Art Director 5. All scenes shot outside of a building
F. Dressed Set 6. A set ready for filming or a “hot set”
G. Exterior 7. A large panel painted with an expansive scene used to simulate an actual location
H. Façade 8. Soundproof, air-conditioned building in which shooting is done
I. Interior 9. The taking apart of a set after shooting is completed
J. Props 10. “Trick photography” which requires the use of models, split screens, multiple images, etc.
K. Scenes 11. The moveable items used in a scene or set (i.e.: chairs, phones, dishes, etc.)
L. Sound Stage 12. A term denoting any action, person(s), setting, etc., appearing in the background of a shot
M. Special Effects 13. A French word meaning “front part;” Only the front of buildings, stores, houses, and towns
N. Strike a set 14. The place, away from the studio lot, where a company is shooting
55
Disney-MGM Studios
Making a Public Service AnnouncementIntroduction
A healthy environment is in everyone’s best interest. It is also everyone’s responsibility. It is threatened when people in less developed countries struggle to meet their basic needs and improve their quality of life by damaging the Earth and its resources. It is also threatened when people in highly developed countries place enormous strains on the Earth’s resources in order to maintain their high standards of living and levels of consumption. Earth is home to us all; therefore, we must all work together to ensure that future generations will be able to meet their basic human needs.
In this learning activity, you will work in groups to develop an action plan for responsible global citizenship. Reflecting on concepts introduced in earlier lessons, you will discover our need to act – as individuals, as a country, and as a global community.
Your team must create a Public Service Announcement (PSA) using the resources of the park. Before you begin, complete the chart below.
Team Member 1 Team Member 2 Team Member 3 Team Member 4
How old are you?
What issue is most important
to you?
Why does this issue exist in our
country?
Why do other people need to
know about this issue?
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Disney-MGM Studios
Sustainable Action for the Global Environment
How do we...Correct what we have done
to the environment?Meet human needs in environmentally sustainable ways?
How do we respond as...
Individuals
A country
A global community
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Disney-MGM Studios
Making a Public Service Announcement continued
Your next task is to narrow your ideas to one from which you will eventually create a PSA. Some of the ideas listed below may help get you started.
Pet care Adopt-a-pet Exercising Nutrition
Seat belt law Car safety Littering Cell phones
Peer pressure Dangerous driving Missing pet Helmet safety
Be a mentor Fire safety Crossing streets Volunteering
Water conservation Carpooling Energy conservation Animal abuse
Our team topic for our PSA is:
________________________________________________________________________
The task of each group is to create a PSA. The purpose is to:
a) inform the public about one specific issue; and
b) propose specific actions that can be taken in response to the issue
Storyboards are a series of quick sketches used by directors and production designers to depict a sequence of visual events. In the case of a video, it tells the cameraperson how to set up each shot. It also tells the editor how the scene will “cut” together and the special effects team exactly where their work will be required.
Storyboards determine exactly where each figure will be placed, what the set or ride should look like, and any special effects that might be needed. Point of View (POV) is one of the most important concepts to understand when making storyboards. In movies, POV indicates what the camera will “see.” POV becomes the audiences’ eyes.
Choosing the POV carefully can have a big impact on the way a scene works. A high POV (looking down on a scene) has a very different emotional feel than a low POV (where everything is over your head).
To create storyboards for a sequence, first “break down” the scene. You’ll need one sketch for every different scene.
Next, each scene gets broken down, so each major action in the scene gets its own storyboard.
Once the entire sequence has been laid out, ask yourself, “If I showed this storyboard to someone who was unfamiliar with the story I am telling, would they understand the story just by looking at the storyboards?” You have created a great storyboard when the answer is “yes!”
58
Disney-MGM Studios
Storyboard
Scene ____________________________ ________________________________________________________________
Scene ____________________________ ________________________________________________________________
Scene ____________________________ ________________________________________________________________
Scene ____________________________ ________________________________________________________________
Scene ____________________________ ________________________________________________________________
Scene ____________________________ ________________________________________________________________
Title____________________________
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Disney-MGM Studios
Making a Public Service Announcement continued
The Narration
Write a narration that informs people about your issue and sends them a worthwhile message.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
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Disney-MGM Studios
PerformingUsing a digital camera, video camera, or simply your acting skills, share your message with an audience.
Write down what each team produced and the effectiveness of their message.
Team One Team Two Team Three Team Four Team Five
What was their public
service message campaign?
Why was their message
effective?
What did the public learn
through their campaign?
61
SeaWorld
® Orlan
do
Marine MammalsPolar Bears1. Polar Bears are a very unique marine mammal. Name and describe three adaptations that allow
them to cope with their environment.
2. Why do you think Polar Bears have been added to SeaWorld®’s marine animal collection?
3. The Polar Bear is not yet considered endangered. What worldwide issues could change this status?
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Polar Bears continued
4. What unique features have been incorporated into the Polar Bear exhibit to help change the bears’ environment?
5. Why is the Polar Bear exhibit important to the international breeding program of zoo bears?
6. If you had the opportunity to supply the bears with environment enrichment, what would you do?
7. Name two facts that you learned today about polar bears.
SeaWorld® Orlando
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SeaWorld® Orlando
SharksSharks are a type of fish that have a skeleton made of cartilage. There are over 360 species of sharks, most of which are small and harmless. Very few are regarded as dangerous to humans. Sharks control buoyancy by one of two main methods. Swimming sharks will have large livers full of oil and some will gulp air, filling their stomachs with air to help their buoyancy. Sharks are characterized by:
Gill slits - Sharks normally have five to seven pairs of external gill slits. These replace the protective gill cover found on most bony fishes.
Teeth - Each shark species has a distinct tooth shape to suit its diet. Teeth may be needle-like teeth, serrated cutting teeth, or plate-like crushing teeth.
Fins - Sharks have distinct fins, including a prominent anterior dorsal fin.
Denticles - Sharks do not have true scales but skin covered by denticles, which are teeth-like projections. Male sharks have a pair of claspers, which is used to transfer sperm to the female during mating.
First dorsal fin
Lateral Line
Eye
Nostrils
Mouth
Gill slits
Pectoral fin
Pelvic fin
Claspers
Anal fin
Caudal fin
Second dorsal fin
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SeaWorld® Orlando
Sharks continued
Listen to the music in the shark exhibit. Compare this with the polar bear exhibit. What impact does this have on the audience?
Choose a shark species from the park, for example, the Blacktip Reef Shark. Each shark has a number of obvious characteristics. Observe the shark closely and describe the benefit of each of the characteristics described below.
Teeth
Body Shape
Shape of Caudal Fin
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SeaWorld® Orlando
What are some of the major problems affecting wild shark populations?
Suggest a strategy to reduce the slaughter of sharks throughout the world.
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SeaWorld® Orlando
DolphinsThe Bottlenose Dolphin is found in nearly all waters of the world and is probably the one that most people are familiar with. Like other marine mammals, the Bottlenose Dolphin is streamlined for greater efficiency in the water. Its body color is usually various shades of gray with the darker grays on the upper part of their body fading to a creamy white or sometimes pinkish color on the underbelly.
The dolphin’s body parts have adapted to life in the marine environment. These include:Rostrum – The ‘beak’ at the front of the head, is 7-8 cm in length with the lower jaw slightly longer than the upper, holds from 72 to 148 cone-shaped teeth in each jaw.
Eyes – Located on either side of the head, just above and behind the mouth, glands secrete an oily substance to help lubricate and protect the eye.
Ears – Almost impossible to detect unless you are quite close to the animal, these are seen as pin pricks/creases approximately 2½ cm behind the eye.
Pectoral fins – Medium sized fins that are curved on the rear edge and pointed at the tip, they are deeply notched and enable a great deal of movement. Like other marine mammals, they have a skeletal structure that is similar to that of a human hand and forearm.
Dorsal fin – Midway between the head and the tail on the upper part of the body, it curves backward, and is designed to help stabilize the animal.
Tail stock and flukes – These are similar to other dolphin species.
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SeaWorld® Orlando
Dolphins continued
Observe a dolphin swimming. Briefly explain how a dolphin breathes.
The Bottlenose Dolphin is a member of which whale family?
Bottlenose Dolphins will normally cruise between 7-15 mph. However, they are seen cruising at approximately 60 mph when riding the bow wave of a boat. How is the swimming action of a dolphin different from that of a fish?
What does the dolphin calf (or baby dolphin) feed on during its first year?
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PinnipedsSeaWorld® has both eared seals and true seals. List five physical features that can be used to identify the two animals.
Observe the different swimming actions of the eared seal and the true seal, then draw a diagram of both showing the body parts that assist locomotion and the direction of movement.
SeaWorld® Orlando
EelsDescribe the “breathing” action of a Moray eel.
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SeaWorld® Orlando
RecyclingList five ways that theme parks use recycling.
List five more things that theme parks should do to recycle.
What are some ways that you recycle at home?
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Scie
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Wra
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Lake with dockMetal bridgeGiant MickeyMotorcycleHorseOsprey nestGolf courseSpanish mossHoliday Inn
Tampa Bingo
Cypress treeSabal palmGreen VolkswagenChain link fenceFire truckLakeland exit signCITCO gas stationAirplaneConstruction crew
Mobile home parkArmadilloAlligatorOrange groveUniversity of South FloridaTurtleWhite limousineSinkholeLongleaf pine
FREESPACE
Tampa Bingo courtesy of Rich Aufort
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Notes
72
Notes
www.worldstrides.org590 Peter Jefferson Parkway, Suite 300
Charlottesville, VA 22911
