Scheme-26syllebus 5-266 Sem Ec

8/6/2019 Scheme-26syllebus 5-266 Sem Ec

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M. S. RAMAIAH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE(Autonomous Institute, Affiliated to VTU)

SCHEME OF TEACHING FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2010 2011

V SEMESTER B. E. ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

SI.No.

SubjectCode

Subject Teaching Dept Credits*L T P Total

1. EC501 Analog Communication Electronics and CommunicationEngineering

3 0 1 4

2. EC502 Digital SignalProcessing

Electronics and CommunicationEngineering

3 0 1 4

3. EC503 VLSI Design andCircuits


4 0 1 5

4. EC504 Microcontrollers Electronics and CommunicationEngineering

4 0 1 5

5. ECPExx Professional Elective I Electronics and Communication

Engineering

x x x 4

6. Open Elective I Other departments x x x 3Total 14+x x 4+x 25

*L: Lecture T: Tutorial P: Practical

VI SEMESTER B. E. ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

SI.No.

SubjectCode

Subject Teaching DeptCredits*

L T P Total1. EC601 Digital Communication Electronics and Communication

Engineering4 0 1 5

2. EC602 MicrowaveComponents & Circuits


3 1 0 4

3. EC603 DSP Architecture andApplications


4 0 1 5

4. EC604 Analog and MixedMode VLSI Design


4 0 1 5

5. ECPExx Professional Elective II Electronics and CommunicationEngineering

x x x 4

6. ECPExx Professional Elective III Electronics and CommunicationEngineering

x x x 4

Total 15+x 1+x 3+x 27

*L: Lecture T: Tutorial P: Practical


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LIST OF ELECTIVES:

The student has to earn a maximum of 20 credits as professional (departmental) electives.

The student has to earn a maximum of 09 credits as open electives (other departments).

SubjectCode

Subject Title L T P C

ECPE01 Power Electronics PS-E 3 0 1 4

ECPE02 Modeling and Synthesis using VHDL PS-E 3 0 1 4

ECPE03 Digital Electronic Measurements PS-E 3 1 0 4

ECPE04 Adaptive Signal Processing PS-E 3 1 0 4

ECPE05 Speech Processing PS-E 3 1 0 4

ECPE06 Wavelet Transforms PS-E 3 1 0 4

ECPE07 Neural Networks and Fuzzy Logic PS-E 3 1 0 4

ECPE08 Information Theory and Coding PS-E 3 1 0 4

ECPE09 Communication Switching Systems PS-E 3 1 0 4

ECPE10 Micro and Smart Systems Technology PS-E 3 1 0 4

ECPE11 PIC Microcontrollers PS-E 3 0 1 4

ECPE12 Global Positioning Systems (GPS) PS-E 3 1 0 4

ECPE13 Real Time Operating Systems PS-E 3 0 1 4

ECPE14 Image Processing PS-E 3 0 1 4

ECPE15 Fiber Optics Communication PS-E 3 1 0 4

ECPE16 Data Compression PS-E 3 1 0 4

ECPE17 Embedded System Design and software PS-E 3 0 1 4ECPE18 Spread Spectrum Communication PS-E 3 1 0 4

ECPE19 Wireless Communications PS-E 3 1 0 4

ECPE20 ARM Processor PS-E 3 0 1 4

ECPE21 Low Power VLSI Design PS-E 3 1 0 4

ECPE22 Satellite Communication PS-E 3 1 0 4

ECPE23 Cryptography and Network Security PS-E 3 1 0 4

ECPE24 High Performance Communication Networks PS-E 3 1 0 4

ECPE25 RF ICs PS-E 3 1 0 4


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ANALOG COMMUNICATION

Subject Code: EC501 Credits: 3:0:1Prerequisites: Nil

UNIT I

Noise basics and Noise in Continuous wave modulation systems: Introduction, shot noise, thermalnoise, white noise, Noise equivalent bandwidth, Noise Figure, Equivalent noise temperature, cascade

connection of two-port networks, Receiver model, Noise in DSB-SC receivers, Noise in SSB receivers,Noise in AM receivers, Threshold effect, Noise in FM receivers, FM threshold effect, Pre-emphasis and

De-emphasis in FM

UNIT II

Amplitude Modulation and Double side band suppressed carrier modulation: AM: Time domaindescription, Frequency domain description. Generation of AM wave: square law modulator, switching

modulator. Detection of AM waves: square law detector, envelope detector, Time domain description ofDSBSC, Frequency domain representation, Generation of DSBSC waves, balanced modulator, ring

modulator, Coherent detection of DSBSC modulated waves, Costas loop

UNIT III

Single Side-Band Modulation (SSB): Quadrature carrier multiplexing, Hilbert transform, properties ofHilbert transform, Pre-envelope, Canonical representation of band pass signals, Single side-band

modulation, Frequency domain description of SSB wave, Time domain description, Frequencydiscrimination method for generating an SSB modulated wave, Time domain description, Phase

discrimination method for generating an SSB modulated wave, Demodulation of SSB waves.

UNIT IV

Vestigial Side-Band Modulation (VSB): Frequency domain description, Generation of VSB modulatedwave, Time domain description, Envelope detection of VSB wave plus carrier, Comparison of amplitude

modulation techniques, Frequency translation, Frequency division multiplexing, Applications: Radiobroadcasting, AM radio.

UNIT V

Angle Modulation (FM): Basic definitions, FM, narrow band FM, wide band FM, transmission

bandwidth of FM waves, Generation of FM waves: indirect FM and direct FM, Frequency stabilizationin FM receivers, Demodulation of FM waves, Frequency discrimination method, Phase locked loop,

Nonlinear model of the phase locked loop, Linear model of the phase locked loop, Nonlinear effects inFM systems

LABORATORY

1. Class-C amplifier: Plot of efficiency v/s load resistance (Three values of fixed load)


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2. Generation of AM using collector modulation. Plot of modulation signal amplitude vsmodulation index

3. Demodulation of AM using envelope detector. Plot of AF output v/s modulated input signal.4. Generation of DSBSC using Ring modulation. Observation of output waveform.5. Generation of AM/DSBSC using IC MC 1496. Observing the output waveforms.6. Generation of FM using IC 8038. Plot of frequency v/s input dc and estimation of .7. FM demodulation using PLL IC 565.8. Second order active low pass filter. Plot of frequency response and estimation of roll off factor.9. Second order active high pass filter. Plot of frequency response and estimation of roll off factor.10.Transistor mixer study of up conversion and down conversion. Estimation of Transconductance

and resonance impedance.

Text books:

1. Simon Haykin, Communication Systems, 3rd Edition, John Wiley, 1996.2. Simon Haykin, An Introduction to Analog and Digital Communication, John Wiley, 2003.

References:

1. B. P. Lathi, Modern Digital and Analog Communication systems, 3rd Edition, OxfordUniversity Press, 2005.

2. H. Taub, D. L. Schilling, Principles of Communication Systems, 2nd Edition, McGraw Hill,1986.

3. M. Schwartz, W. R. Bennett, S. Stein, Communication Systems and Techniques, Wiley IEEE Press, 1995.


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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSINGSubject Code: EC502 Credits: 3:0:1

Prerequisites: Signals and SystemsUNIT I

Z-Transforms: Definition, Properties, Rational z-transform, Inversion, one sided z-transform, Analysis

of LTI systems in the z-domain

UNIT II

FIR Filters: General FIR filter, LTI systems, Convolution of LTI systems, Cascaded LTI systems,Frequency response, Steady state and transient response, properties of frequency response, graphical

representation of frequency response, cascaded LTI systems, Running average filtering, filteringsampled continuous time signals, Realization of FIR filters

UNIT III

Design of FIR Filters: Framework for digital filter design, FIR filter design, Window method, Optimal

method, Frequency Sampling method, Comparison of design methods, Application examples of FIRfilters

UNIT IV

IIR Filters: General IIR difference equation, time domain response, system function, block diagram

structures, poles and zeros, frequency response, inverse z-transform and applications, steady stateresponse and stability, second order filters, frequency response of second order IIR filter, Realization of

IIR filters

UNIT V

Design of IIR filters: Analog filter design, Design stages, Impulse invariant method, Matched z-transform, Bilinear z-transform, Application examples in digital audio and telecommunication

Textbooks:

1. J. G. Proakis, D. G. Manolokis, Digital Signal Processing: Principles, Algorithms andApplications, 3

rdEdition, Prentice Hall India, 1995.

2. J. H. Mcclellan, R. W. Schafer, M. A. Yoder, Signal Processing: First, Pearson Education, 2003.3. E. C. Ifeachor, B. W. Jervis, Digital Signal Processing: A Practical Approach, Pearson Education,

2001.

References:

1. B. Gold, C. Rader, Digital Processing of Signals, McGraw Hill, 1969.2. Rabiner, L. R, Gold, B, Theory and Applications of DSP, Prentice Hall, 1975.3. C. Britton Rorabaugh, Digital Filter Designers Handbook, McGraw Hill, 1997.4. R. E. Blahut, Fast Algorithms for DSP, Addison-Wesley, 1985.


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VLSI DESIGN AND CIRCUITSSubject Code: EC503 Credits: 4:0:1

Prerequisites: Solid State Devices and Technology

UNIT I

Overview of VLSI: Historical perspective of MOS, circuit design examples, VLSI design methods,VLSI design flow, Design hierarchy, VLSI design styles, CAD tools, concepts of regularity, modularity

and localityMOS transistor theory: Introduction, IV characteristics (NMOS, PMOS, Threshold voltage), MOS

inverter static characters, MOSFET capacitance, accumulation, depletion, inversion, NMOS inverterpull up pull down ratio, alternative forms of pull up, pseudo NMOS inverter, resistive load, CMOS

inverter.

UNIT II

Basic circuit concepts: MOS design equation, Threshold voltage equations, basic DC equation, 2ndorder effects, sub threshold, threshold voltage, body effect, short channel and hot electron effect,

channel length modulation, SPICE and BSIM models.Design of high speed CMOS logic network: resistance, area capacitance, capacitance delay unit,

inverter delays, driving capacitive loads, scaling, limitations of scaling, types of scaling.

UNIT III

CMOS processing technology: Technology overview, fabrication process flow, basic steps, waferprocessing, mask generation, oxidation, epoxy ion implantation, CMOS n-well, P-well process, twin tub

processDesign rules and layout: Purpose of design rules, NMOS and CMOS design rules, MOS layers, stick

diagrams, layout design tools.

UNIT IV

Logic design with CMOS: Logic structures using CMOS,(inverter, NAND, NOR, complex logic gates)Dynamic CMOS logic circuits: PT, TG, pseudo NMOS, dynamic CMOS, C

2MOS, CMOS domino

logic.

UNIT V

VLSI system components: Design of circuits like multiplexer, decoder, priority encoder using MOSSequential logic circuits: latches, edge triggered flip-flops,

Testability: Need for testing, manufacture, test principles, Fault models, ATPG, Scan bound

LABORATORY1. Inverter using FETs2. NAND, NOR, XOR, XNOR realization of Boolean expressions3. Flip-flops


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4. Adders5. Multiplexers, Decoders6. Shift registers7. Asynchronous & Synchronous counters

Textbooks:

1. Sung Mo Kang, Yusuf Leblebcci, CMOS Digital Integrated Circuits: Analysis and Design,TMH, 3rd Edition, 2002.

2. Neil Weste, Kamran Eshraghian, Principles of CMOS VLSI Design: A Systems Perspective,Pearson Education, 2

ndEdition, 1994.

3. John P Vyemura, Introduction to VLSI Circuits and Systems, John Wiley, 2002.4. Douglas A Pucknell, Kamran Eshraghian, Basic VLSI Design, PHI, 3 rd Edition, 1988.

References:

1. R. L. Geiger, P. E. Allen, N. R. Strader, VLSI Design Techniques for Analog and DigitalCircuits, McGraw Hill, 1989.


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MICROCONTROLLERSSubject Code: EC505 Credits: 4:0:1

Prerequisites: Digital Electronic CircuitsUNIT I

Microprocessors and Microcontrollers: Introduction, Microprocessors and Microcontrollers, A

microprocessors survey, RISC and CISC CPU architectures, Harvard and Von Neumann CPUarchitectures.

The 8051 Architecture: Introduction, 8051 microcontroller hardware, Input/Output pins, ports andcircuits, External Memory, Counters and Timers, Serial Data Input/Output, Interrupts.

Addressing Modes: Introduction, Addressing modes, External data moves, Code Memory, Read onlydata moves/Indexed addressing mode, PUSH and POP opcodes, data exchanges, Example Programs.

UNIT II

Logical and Arithmetic Operations: Byte level logical operations, Bit level Logical operations, Rotate

and Swap operations, Example programs, Arithmetic operations: Flags, Incrementing andDecrementing, Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, and Division, Decimal Arithmetic, Example

programs.Jump and Call instructions: JUMP and CALL program range, Jumps, Calls and Subroutines,

Interrupts and Returns, more details on Interrupts, Example Programs.

UNIT III

8051 Programming in C: Data types and time delays in 8051C, I/O programming, logic operations,data conversion programs, accessing code ROM space, data serialization.

Timer/Counter programming in 8051: Programming 8051 Timers, Counter Programming,Programming timers 0 and 1 in 8051C.

UNIT IV

8051 Serial Communication: Basics of Serial Communication, 8051 connections to RS-232, 8051

Serial communication programming, Programming the second serial port, Serial port programming in C.Interrupts Programming: 8051 Interrupts, Programming Timer Interrupts, Programming External

Hardware Interrupts, Programming the Serial Communication Interrupts, Interrupt Priority in 8051/52,Interrupt Programming in C.

UNIT V

8051 Interfacing and Applications: Interfacing 8051 to LCD, Keyboard, ADC, DAC, Stepper Motor

Interfacing.

LABORATORY

PART A: ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE PROGRAMMING (using KEIL uVISION 3)

1. Block move, Exchange, Sorting, Finding largest element in an array


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2. Arithmetic instructions3. Counters4. Code conversion programs5. Programs using serial port, and on-chip timers

PART B: INTERFACING

Write C programs to interface 8051 chip to interfacing modules to develop single chip solutions for

6. Alphanumeric LCD Panel7. Keyboard interface

8. External ADC interface9. Generate different waveforms using DAC interface10.Stepper Motor interface

Textbooks:

1. Kenneth J Ayala, The 8051 Microcontroller Architecture, Programming and Applications, 2 nd

Edition, Penram International 1996 / Thomson Learning 2005.2. Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillispie Mazidi, Rolin D McKinlay, The 8051 Microcontroller

and Embedded Systems Using Assembly and C, PHI 2006 / Pearson 2006.

References:

1. M. Predko, Programming and Customizing the 8051 Microcontroller, McGraw Hill, 1999.


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DIGITAL COMMUNICATION

Subject Code: EC601 Credits: 4:0:1Prerequisites: Analog Communication

UNIT I

Signal Sampling: Basic signal processing operations in digital communication, Sampling Principles,Sampling Theorem, Quadrature sampling of bandpass signals, Practical aspects of sampling and signal

recovery, PAM, TDM.

UNIT II

Waveform Coding Techniques: PCM block diagram, Different quantization techniques, SNR in PCM,robust quantization, DPCM, DM, Adaptive DM

UNIT III

Base-Band Shaping for Data Transmission: Line Codes and their power spectra, ISI, Nyquist

criterion for distortion less base-band binary transmission, correlative coding, duobinary coding,adaptive equalization, eye pattern

UNIT IV

Digital Modulation Techniques: Coherent binary modulation techniques, BPSK, FSK, ASK, DPSK,

QPSK systems with signal space diagram, generation, demodulation and error probability concept,Comparison using Power Spectrum, Coherent and Non -Coherent demodulation techniques for ASK,

FSK and BPSK

UNIT V

Detection and Estimation: Concept of Detection and Estimation, Correlation Receiver, Matched FilterReceiver, Properties of Matched Filter

Spread Spectrum Techniques: Direct sequence, Frequency Hopping, advantages of Spread Spectrum.

LABORATORY

1. Sampling theorem verification2. TDM of two band limited signals3. Delta Modulation and demodulation4. PCM generation and detection using a CODEC chip5. ASK generation and detection6. FSK generation and detection7. PSK generation and detection8. DPSK generation and detection9. QPSK generation and detection10.Display of Eye Pattern


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Textbooks:

1. Simon Haykin, Digital Communications, John Wiley, 2003.2. J. Proakis, Digital Communication, 4th Edition, McGraw Hill, 2000.

References:

1. K. Sam Shanmugam, Digital and Analog Communication Systems, John Wiley, 1996.2. Simon Haykin, An Introduction to Analog and Digital Communication, John Wiley, 2003.3. Bernard Sklar, Digital Communications, Pearson Education, 2007.4. K. Sam Shanmugam, A. M. Breipohl, Random Signals: Detection, Estimation and Data Analysis,

Wiley, 1988.


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MICROWAVE COMPONENTS AND CIRCUITS

Subject Code: EC602 Credits: 3:1:0Prerequisites: Electromagnetics

UNIT ITransmission Line Theory: The LumpedElement Circuit Model for a Transmission Line, Wave

Propagation on a transmission line, The Lossless line, Special cases of lossless terminated lines,Distinction between characteristic impedance and input impedance Smith Chart:combined impedance

admittance Smith Chart, Calculation of reflection coefficient and other parameters using Smith Chart

Coaxial line: TEM modes, Higher order modes, Surface Waves on a Grounded Dielectric Slab: TMmodes, TE Modes Stripline: Formulas for propagation constant, characteristic impedance and

attenuation, an approximate electrostatic solution, Microstrip: Formulas for effective dielectricconstant, characteristics impedance and attenuation, an approximate electrostatic solution, Coplanar

Waveguides

UNIT IIMicrowave Network analysis: Impedance and Admittance Matrices: Reciprocal networks, Losses

networks, Scattering Matrix: Reciprocal networks and lossless networks, shift in reference planes,generalized scattering parameters, Transmission matrix

Impedance matching and tuning: Matching with lumped elements (L Networks), Analytic solutions,

Smith chart solutions, Single-Stub Tuning: Shunt stubs, Series stubs, Double-Stub Tuning: Smithchart solution, analytic solution, Quarter wave transformer

UNIT IIIMicrowave Resonators: Series resonant circuit, parallel resonant circuit, Loaded and unloaded Q,Transmission Line Resonators: Short circuited /2 line, short circuited /4 line, open circuited /2 line,

Power Dividers and Directional Couplers: Basic properties of dividers and couplers, Three port

networks (T-junctions), Four-port networks (Directional couplers), The T-junction power divider,Lossless divider, Resistive divider, Wilkinson Power divider, Even-odd mode analysis, Unequal power

division and N-way Wilkinson dividers, Coupled line directional couplers, Coupled line theory, Designof coupled line couplers, Design of multisection coupled line couplers.

UNIT IVMicrowave Filters: Periodic structures, Analysis of infinite periodic structures, Terminated periodicstructures, k- diagrams and wave velocities.Filter design by the image parameter method: Image

impedances and transfer functions for two port networks, constantk filter sections, m-derived filtersections, composite filters, Filter design by the insertion loss method: Characterization by power loss

ratio, maximally flat low pass filter prototype, Equal ripple low pass filter prototype, Linear phase lowpass filter prototypes, Filter transformations: Impedance and frequency scaling, Bandpass and

Bandstop transformations

Filter Implementation: Richards transformation, Kurodas identities, Impedance and admittanceinverters, Stepped impedance low pass filters: Approximate equivalent circuits for short transmission

line sections, Coupled line filters: Filter properties of a coupled line section, design of coupled linebandpass filters


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UNIT VActive RF components: RF Diode Characteristics, Schottky Diodes and Detectors, PIN Diodes andControl Circuits, Varactor Diodes, Other Diodes: GUNN, IMPATT, BARITT Diodes, Microwave

Integrated Circuits, Hybrid Microwave Integrated Circuits, Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits.

Microwave sources: Solid-state Sources, Mixers, Mixer characteristics, Single-ended Diode Mixer,Single-ended FET Mixer, Balanced Mixer.

Textbooks:

1. David M. Pozar, Microwave Engineering, John Wiley, 2004.

References:

1. Samuel Y. Liao, Microwave Devices and Circuits, PHI, 3rd Edition, 1994.2. E. C. Jordan, K. G. Balmain, Electromagnetic Wave and Radiating Systems, Prentice Hall,

1968.

3. Annapurna Das, Sisir K. Das, Microwave Engineering, TMH Publication, 2001.4. R. Chatterjee, Elements of Microwave Engineering, Affiliated East West Press Pvt Ltd,

New Delhi, 1988.


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DSP ARCHITECTURE AND APPLICATIONS

Subject Code: EC603 Credits: 4:0:1Prerequisites: Digital Signal Processing

UNIT I

Introduction: DSP systems and applications, DSP architectures, Hardware issues, Systemconsiderations, Digital signals and operations, Digital systems, Frequency analysis, Random signal

processing

UNIT II

DSP Implementation considerations: Data representations and arithmetic, Finite wordlength effects,

Programming issues, Real time implementation considerations, Hardware interfacing

UNIT III

Fixed and Floating point DSPs: Introduction, TMS320C62x and TMS320C64x, TMS320C67x

UNIT IV

FIR filtering: FIR filters, Design and implementationIIR filtering: IIR filters, Design and implementation

UNIT V

FFT: DFT, FFT algorithms, Analysis and implementationAdaptive Filtering: Introduction, Properties, Applications, Design and implementation

LABORATORY

1. Synthesis of AM and FM sinusoidal signals and application2. Verification of sampling theorem3. GUI for discrete time linear convolution and continuous time linear convolution4. Solving difference equations, Impulse response, Step response, Output response for the given input

using GUI5. DFT of the given signal with magnitude and phase plot. Verify using built-in function6. Given a causal system H(z), obtain pole-zero plot, magnitude response and phase response7. Design of FIR filters (all 3 methods)8. Design of IIR filters: Impulse Invariant, Bilinear Transform9. Noise Removal using FIR and IIR filters10.Linear convolution on a DSP Processor11.Solving difference equations on a DSP Processor12.Noise removal using FIR filter on a DSP Proceesor

Textbooks:1. Sen M. Kuo, Woon-Seng Gan, Digital Signal Processors: Architectures, Implementations and

Applications, Pearson Education, 2005.2. E. C. Ifeachor, B. W. Jervis, Digital Signal Processing: A Practical Approach, Pearson

Education, 2002.3. Vinay K. Ingle, John G. Proakis, Digital Signal Processing using MATLAB, Brooks/Cole,

Cengage Learning, 2000.


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ANALOG AND MIXED MODE VLSI DESIGN

Subject Code: EC604 Credits: 4:0:1Prerequisites: VLSI Design and Circuits

UNIT I

Data Converter Fundamentals: Analog vs Digital discrete time signals, converting analog signals todigital signals, Sample and Hold, DAC specifications, ADC specifications, SPICE Models for DACs &

ADCs, Mixed-signal layout issues, problems.

UNIT II

Data Converter DAC Architectures: DAC architectures, digital input code, registers string, R-2Rladder networks, current steering, charge scaling DACs, Cyclic DAC, Pipeline DAC, problems

UNIT III

Data Converter ADC Architectures: ADC Architectures, Flash type, Two-step flash, Pipeline ADC,

Integrating ADC, Successive approximation methods, problems

UNIT IVImplementing Data Converters: Current mode and Voltage mode, R-2R DAC, using op-amps in data

converters, Implementing ADCs, Cyclic ADC, problems

UNIT VSub-Micron CMOS Circuit Design: Process flow, Capacitors and resistors, SPICE MOSFET Models,

MOSFET switch, Delay and Adder Elements, Analog Circuits, MOSFET Biasing, Op-amp Design,Circuit Noise, problems

LABORATORY1. Inverter Design: Schematic, DC analysis, Transient analysis, DRC, ERC, LVS2. Single stage differential amplifier, common source and common drain amplifier: Schematic, DC

analysis, AC analysis, Transient analysis, DRC, ERC, LVS3. Design of op-amp: Schematic, DC analysis, AC analysis, Transient analysis, DRC, LVS, RC

Extraction4. R-2R based DAC: Schematic, DC analysis, AC analysis, Transient analysis, DRC, ERC, LVS, RC

Extraction5. SAR based ADC: Schematic, Functional Verification

Textbooks:

1. R. Jacob Baker, H. W. Li, D. E. Boyce, CMOS Circuit Design, Layout, Simulation, PHI, 2005.2. R. Jacob Baker, CMOS Mixed Signal Circuit Design (Vol. II of CMOS: Circuit Design,

Layout and Simulation), CMOS-IEEE Press and Wiley Interscience, 2002.

References:

1. B. Razavi, Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits, McGraw Hill, 2002.2. P. E. Allen, D. R. Holberg, CMOS Analog Circuit Design, 2nd Edition, Oxford University

Press, 2008.


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POWER ELECTRONICSSubject Code: ECPE01 Credits: 3:0:1

Prerequisites: Analog Electronic Circuits

UNIT I

Power Devices: Application of power electronics, Power BJTs, Switching characteristics, Switchingunits, Base drive control, Power MOSFETs, Switching characteristics, Gate drives, IGBTs, Isolation of

gate and base drive, Construction of thyristor, Principle of operation, Different states/Modes ofoperation, Static anode VI characteristics, Two transistor model, Triggering/Turn-on mechanism,

Dynamic (Turn-on and Turn-off), Characteristics, Gate characteristics, Gate triggering, di/dt and dv/dtprotection, Thyristor firing circuits.

UNIT II

Control Rectifier: Introduction, Principle of phase controlled converter operation, Single phase half

controlled converter, Single phase fully controlled converter, Dual converter, Three phase halfcontrolled converter, Three phase fully controlled converter.

UNIT III

Commutation Techniques: Introduction to commutation, Different types of commutations, Natural

commutation and forced commutation, Self-commutation, Complementary commutation, Auxiliarythyristor commutation.

UNIT IV

AC Voltage Controllers and Choppers: Introduction to choppers, Principles of step down and step up

choppers, Step down chopper with RL load, Classification of chopper, Analysis of impulse commutatedthyristor chopper, Introduction to AC voltage controllers, Principle of ON-OFF control, Principle of

phase control, Single-phase AC controllers with R load and RL load.

UNIT V

Inverters: Introduction, Principle of operation, Performance parameters, Single-phase bridge inverter,Voltage control of single-phase inverters, Current source inverters.

Textbooks:

1. M. H. Rashid, Power Electronics Circuits, Devices and Applications, 3rd Edition, PrenticeHall, 2003.

2. G. K. Dubey, S. R. Doradla, A. Joshi, R. M. K. Sinha, Thyristorized Power Controllers, NewAge International Pvt. Ltd, 6

thEdition, 1986.

References:

1. P. S. Bhimbra, Power Electronics, Khanna Publication, 1995.2. SCR GE Manual, 6th Edition, Prentice Hall, 1979.


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MODELING AND SYNTHESIS USING VHDL

Subject Code: ECPE02 Credits: 3:0:1

Prerequisites: Fundamentals of HDLUNIT I

Introduction and basic language elements of VHDL: The origins of VHDL, VHDL basics, Benefits

of VHDL, VHDL levels of abstraction, The VHDL design flow, Identifiers, objects and data types,objects in VHDL, constants, variables and signals, VHDL types, scalar types, Arrays, Attributes

UNIT II

Behavioral, data flow and structural modeling: Entity declaration, architecture body, process

statement, variable assignment statement, signal assignment statements, WAIT, IF, CASE, NULL,LOOP, EXIT, NEXT, ASSERT statement, REPORT, sequential assignment statements, multiple

processes, Concurrent signal assignment statements, concurrent vs. sequential statements

UNIT III

Block structural modeling, sub-programs and overloading: Multiple drivers, conditional signalassignment statement, sequential signal assignment statements, UNAFFECTED, An example,

component declaration, component instantiation, other examples, Subprograms, Functions, Procedures,difference between functions and procedures, Packages, package declaration, package body, operator

overloading,

UNIT IV

Additional topics in VHDL and VHDL synthesis: Transport and inertial delays, multi-valued logic,logic signal resolution, IEEE-1164 standard logic, Generics, GENERATE statements, Synthesis of

VHDL code, synthesis examples, Design of serial adder with accumulator, state graphs for controlnetworks, design of binary multiplier.

UNIT V

CPLD and FPGAs: Description & Design of sequential circuits using VHDL Mealys, Moores

sequential network, Xilinx XC9500 CPLD Family, function block architecture, I/O Block, switchmatrix, FPGAs Xilinx XC 4000 Family, configurable logic block, I/O Block, programmable

interconnect.

Textbooks:1. J. Bhaskar, VHDL Primer, Pearson/PHI, 2003.2. Charles H. Roth Jr, Digital system design using VHDL, Thomson Learning, 2002.3. John F. Wakerly, Digital Design Principles and Practices, PHI, 3rd Edition, 2005.

References:

1. Z. Navabi, VHDL Analysis and Modeling of Digital Systems, MGH, 2nd Edition, 1998.2. Douglas Perry, VHDL: Programming by Example, 4th Edition, MGH, 2002.


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DIGITAL ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS


Prerequisites: Nil

UNIT I

Measurement and Error: Definitions, Accuracy and precision, Significant figures, Types of error,Limiting errors, Classification of standards of measurement, Time and frequency standards.

Digital Voltmeters and Multimeters: Advantages of digital meters, General characteristics(specifications) of a DVM, Ramp type DVM, Integrating type DVM (Voltage to frequency conversion),

Dual slope integrating type DVM (Voltage to time conversion), Successive approximation type DVM,Parallel or flash type DVM, Microprocessor based ramp type DVM, Digital meter displays LED and

LCD displays, Range changing methods for DVM, Digital multimeter.

UNIT II

Digital Frequency meters and Phase meters: Introduction, Frequency measurement, High frequencymeasurement (extending the frequency range), Time (period) measurement, Time interval measurement,

Frequency ratio measurement, Totalizing mode of measurement, Universal counter, Automatic andcomputing counters, Reciprocal electronic counters, Sources of measurement errors, Specifications of

electronic counters Input characteristics and operating mode specifications, Digital phase meter.

UNIT III

Digital Instruments: Digital tachometer, Digital PH meter, Digital measurement of mains (supply)frequency, Digital L, C and R measurements Digital RCL meter, Digital capacitance meter.

Special Oscilloscopes: Sampling oscilloscope, Digital read out oscilloscope, Digital storageoscilloscopes, DSO applications.

UNIT IV

Digital Signal Generators: Arbitrary waveform generators (AWG), Arbitrary function generator, Data

generator, Key characteristics of digital signal generators.Digital Spectrum Analyzer and Applications

Logic Analyzer: Types of logic analyzer - Logic time analyzer, Logic state analyzer, interfacing a targetsystem.

Recorders: Digital data recording, Objectives and requirements of recording data, Recorder selectionand specifications, Digital memory waveform recorder (DWR).

UNIT V

Digital Data Acquisition System: Objectives of DAS, Elements of data acquisition system, Data

loggers Basic operation of data logger. Digital Transducers:Optical encoders, Shaft (spatial) encoders.Digital Controllers, Digital process controllers, Microprocessor based distributed control systems.


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Textbooks:

1. Albert D. Helfrick, William D. Cooper, Modern Electronic Instrumentation and MeasurementTechniques, PHI, 2006.

2. David A. Bell, Electronic Instrumentation and Measurements, 2nd Edition, PHI, 2003.3. M. M. S. Anand, Electronic Instruments and Instrumentation Technology, PHI, 2005.4. H. S. Kalsi, Electronic Instrumentation, PHI, 2nd Edition, 2004.

References:

1. A. J. Bouwens, Digital Instrumentation, PHI, 2007.


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ADAPTIVE SIGNAL PROCESSING

Subject Code: ECPE04 Credits: 3:1:0Prerequisites: Digital Signal Processing

UNIT I

Adaptive Systems and Linear Combiner: Definition and characteristics, areas of application,

properties, open loop and closed loop adaptation, applications of closed loop adaptation, example of anadaptive system, General description of a linear combiner, input signal and weight vectors, desired

response and error, performance function, gradient and MMSE, example of a performance surface,alternative expression of the gradient, decorrelation of error and input components

UNIT II

Properties and Searching of Quadratic Performance Surface: Normal form of the input correlation

matrix, eigen values and eigen vectors of the input correlation matrix, an example with two weights,geometrical significance of eigenvectors and eigen values, Methods of searching the performance

surface, gradient search methods, simple gradient search algorithm and its solution, stability and rate ofconvergence, learning curve, gradient search by Newtons method, Newtons method in

multidimensional space, gradient search by the method of steepest descent, comparison of learningcurves

UNIT III

Gradient Estimation and its effects on adaptation: Gradient component estimation by derivative

measurement, performance penalty, derivative measurement and performance penalties with multipleweights, variance of the gradient estimate, effects on the weight-vector solution, excess MSE and time

constants, misadjustment, comparative performance of Newtons and steepest descent methods, totalmisadjustment and other practical considerations

UNIT IV

LMS Algorithm: Derivation of LMS algorithm, convergence of the weight vector, example of

convergence, learning curve, noise in weight-vector solution, misadjustment, performance

UNIT V

Applications: Adaptive modeling of multipath communication channel, adaptive noise canceling,adaptive interference canceller

Textbooks:

1. B. Widrow, S. D. Stearns, Adaptive Signal Processing, Pearson Education Asia, 2001.2. S. Haykin, Adaptive Filter Theory, 4th Edition, Pearson Education Asia, 2002.


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SPEECH PROCESSINGSubject Code: ECPE05 Credits: 3:1:0

Prerequisites: Digital Signal Processing

UNIT I

Digital models for the speech signal: Process of speech production, Acoustic theory of speechproduction, Lossless tube models, and Digital models for speech signals.

Time domain models for speech processing: Time dependent processing of speech, Short time energyand average magnitude, Short time average zero crossing rate, Speech vs silence discrimination using

energy & zero crossings, Pitch period estimation, Short time autocorrelation function, Short timeaverage magnitude difference function, Pitch period estimation using autocorrelation function, Median

smoothing.

UNIT II

Digital representations of the speech waveform: Sampling speech signals. Statistical model forspeech, Instantaneous quantization, Adaptive quantization, Differential quantization, Delta modulation,

Differential PCM, Comparison of systems, Direct digital code conversion

UNIT III

Short time Fourier analysis: Linear Filtering interpretation, Filter bank summation method, Overlapaddition method, Design of digital filter banks, Implementation using FFT, Spectrographic displays,

Pitch detection, Analysis by synthesis, Analysis synthesis systems, Homomorphic systems forconvolution, Complex cepstrum, Pitch detection, Formant estimation, Homomorphic vocoder.

UNIT IV

Linear predictive coding of speech: Basic principles of linear predictive analysis, Solution of LPC

equations, Prediction error signal, Frequency domain interpretation, Relation between the various speechparameters, Synthesis of speech from linear predictive parameters, Vocoders, Applications.

UNIT V

Applications: Voice response systems, Speaker recognition systems, Speech recognition systems,

Spectral subtraction & filtering, Speech synthesis, Synthesizer methods, Synthesis of intonation, Text toSpeech synthesis.

Textbooks:

1. L. R. Rabiner and R. W. Schafer, Digital Processing of Speech Signals," Pearson Education(Asia) Pte. Ltd., 2004.

References:

1. T. F. Quatieri, Discrete Time Speech Signal Processing, Pearson Education Asia, 2004.2. D. O Shaughnessy, Speech Communications: Human and Machine, Universities Press, 2001.3. B. Gold, N. Morgan, Speech and Audio Signal Processing: Processing and Perception of

Speech and Music, John Wiley, 2004.


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WAVELET TRANSFORMS


Prerequisites: Digital Signal ProcessingUNIT I

Continuous wavelet transform: Introduction, C-T wavelets, Definition of CWT, CWT as correlation,Constant Q-Factor filtering interpretation and time frequency resolution, CWT as an operator, inverseCWT.

Discrete wavelet transform and Orthogonal wavelet decomposition: Introduction, Approximation ofvectors in nested linear vector spaces, Example of an MRA.

UNIT II

MRA, ortho normal wavelets and their relationship to filter banks: Introduction, Formal definition

of an MRA, Construction of a general orthonormal MRA, a wavelet basis for MRA, Digital filteringinterpolation, Examples of orthogonal basis generating wavelets, Interpreting orthonormal MRAs for

discrete time signals.

UNIT III

Alternative wavelet representations: Introduction, Biorthogonal wavelet bases, Filtering relationshipfor bi-orthogonal filters, Examples of bi-orthogonal scaling functions and wavelets, 2-D wavelets, Non -

separable multidimensional wavelets, wavelet packets.

UNIT IV

Wavelet Transform and Data Compression: Introduction, transform coding, DTWT for imagecompression, Image compression using DTWT and run-length encoding, Embedded tree image coding,

comparison with JPEG, audio compression, Audio masking, Wavelet based audio coding, video coding

UNIT V

Other Applications of Wavelet Transforms: Introduction, wavelet de-noising, speckle removal, edgedetection and object isolation, Image fusion, Object detection by wavelet transforms of projections,

communication applications

Textbook:

1. Raghuveer M. Rao, Ajit S. Bopardikar, Wavelet transforms: Introduction to theory andapplications, Person Education, 2000.

References:

1. A. Abbate, C. M. DeCusatis, Pankaj K. Das, Wavelets and Subbands: Fundamentals andApplications, Birkhuser Boston, 2002.

2. C. Burrus, R. Gopinath, H. Guo, Introduction to Wavelets and Wavelet Transforms: A Primer,Prentice Hall, 1998.

3. L. Prasad, S. S. Iyengar, Wavelet Analysis with Applications to Image Processing, CRC Press,1997.


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NEURAL NETWORKS AND FUZZY LOGICSubject Code: ECPE07 Credits: 3:1:0

Prerequisites: NilUNIT I

Fundamental concepts and models: History, Biological neurons and their artificial models, models ofartificial neural networks, learning and adaptation, learning rules, neural networks.

Single layer perceptron classifiers: Classification model, features, decision regions, discriminantfunctions, linear machine and minimum distance classification, nonparametric training, single layer

continuous perceptron networks, multicategory single layer perceptron networks

UNIT II

Multilayer feedforward networks: Linearly nonseperable pattern classification, delta learning rule,

feedforward recall and error back-propagation training, learning factors, classifying and expert layerednetworks

Single-layer feedback networks: Dynamical systems, Discrete time Hopfield networks, Gradient typeHopfield networks, transient response of continuous time networks

Associative Memories: Linear associator, recurring auto associative memory, performance analysis, bi-directional associative memory

UNIT III

Matching and Self-organizing networks: Hamming net and MAXNET, Unsupervised learning ofclusters, self-organizing feature maps, cluster discovery network,

Applications: Linear programming modeling network, character recognition networks, controlapplications, Robot kinematics, Medical diagnosis

UNIT IV

Classical Sets and Fuzzy Sets: Classical sets, Fuzzy sets, Classical relations and Fuzzy relationsProperties of Membership functions, Fuzzification and defuzzification: Features of the membership

function, fuzzification, defuzzification to crisp sets, defuzzification to scalars

UNIT V

Logic and Fuzzy Systems: Fuzzy logic, Approximate reasoning, Rule-based systems, development of

membership functionsApplications: Fuzzy classification and pattern recognition, fuzzy arithmetic and extension principle,

fuzzy control systems

Textbooks:

1. J. M. Zurada, Introduction to Artificial Neural Systems, Jaico Publishing House, 2006.2. T. Ross, Fuzzy logic with Engineering Applications, John Wiley, 2004.

References:1. Simon Haykin, Neural networks: A Comprehensive Foundation, 2nd Edition, Pearson Education

Asia, 1999.2. S. N. Sivanandam, S. Sumathi, S. N. Deepa, Introduction to Neural Networks using Matlab 6.0,

McGraw Hill, 2006.3. S. Rajasekaran, G. A. Vijayalakshmi Pai, Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic, and Genetic Algorithms,

Eastern Economy Edition, PHI, 2003.4. B. Kosko, Neural Networks and Fuzzy Systems, Prentice Hall, 1991.


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INFORMATION THEORY AND CODINGSubject Code: ECPE08 Credits: 3:1:0

Prerequisites: NilUNIT I

Basics of information theory: Introduction, Measure of information, Average information content(entropy) of symbols in long independent sequences, Information Rate, Properties of entropy, extension

of zero-memory source, Average information content of symbols in long dependent sequences, Markoff(Markov) statistical model for information sources, Entropy and information rate of Markoff sources.

UNIT II

Source coding: Encoding Of source output, Properties of codes, Block codes, non-singular codes,uniquely decodable codes, instantaneous codes, optimal codes, prefix of a code, test for instantaneous

property, Kraft inequality, Construction of instantaneous code, Code efficiency and redundancy,Shannons first theorem (Noiseless coding theorem), Shannon-Fano and Huffman encoding algorithm

for constructing binary, ternary and quarternary codes.

UNIT III

Channels for communication: Discrete communication channels, Representation of a channel, Joint

probability, Entropy function and equivocation, Priori and Posteriori entropies, Equivocation, Mutualinformation, Properties of Mutual information, Rate of information transmission over a discrete channel,

Capacity of a discrete memory less channel. Shannons theorem on channel capacity, Special channels,Estimation of channel capacity by Murogas method, Continuous Channels, Maximization of entropy

with peak signal limitation, Mutual information of a continuous noisy channel, Shannon-Hartley law andits implications.

UNIT IVError control coding: Rationale for coding and types of codes, example of error control coding,Methods of controlling errors, Types of errors and codes, Linear block codes, Matrix description of

LBC, Encoding circuit for (n,k) LBC, Syndrome and error correction, Syndrome calculation circuit,Distance property, Error detection and correction capabilities of LBC, SEC-Hamming codes, Hamming

bound, decoding using standard array, Binary cyclic codes, Structure and Properties of cyclic codes, Gand H matrices for cyclic codes, Encoding using feedback shift registers, Syndrome calculation circuit.

UNIT VHigh level error control codes: Binary BCH codes, Golay codes, Shortened cyclic codes, Burst errorcorrecting codes, Convolutional codes, Encoder for convolutional codes, State diagram and code-tree,

Trellis diagram, Decoding of convolutional codes using Viterbi Algorithm.

Textbooks:1. K. Sam Shanmugham, Digital and Analog Communication Systems, John Wiley Publication,

1996.2. Shu Lin, Daniel J. Costello, Error Control Coding, Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2nd Edition, 2004.3. Simon Haykin, Digital Communications, John Wiley Publication, 2003.

References:1. Bernard Sklar, Digital Communications, Pearson Education, 2007.2. Simon Haykin, Introduction to Analog and Digital Communication, John Wiley Publication,

2003.


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COMMUNICATION SWITCHING SYSTEMSSubject Code: ECPE09 Credits: 3:1:0Prerequisites: Nil

UNIT I

Evolution of Switching Systems: Evolution of telecommunications, Network structure, Networkservices, Terminology, Regulation, Standards, Introduction to telecommunications transmission,

Message switching, Circuit switching, Basics of switching systems, Functions of switching systems,Cross bar switching systems, Electronic switching.

Digital Switching Systems: Basic central office linkages, Evolution of digital switching systems, Storedprogram control switching systems, Digital switching system fundamentals, Building blocks of a digital

switching system, Basic call processing.

UNIT II

Telecommunications Traffic: Introduction, unit of traffic, Congestion, Traffic measurements,

Mathematical model, Lost call systems, Theory, Traffic performance, Loss systems in tandem, Queuingsystems, Second Erlang distribution, Probability of delay, Finite queue capacity, System with a single

server, Queues in tandem, Delay tables, Application of delay formulae.

UNIT III

Switching Networks: Introduction, single-stage network, Gradings, Principle, Design of progressive

grading, Other forms of grading, Traffic capacity of grading, Application of grading, Link systems,General, Two-stages networks, Three-stage networks, Four-stage networks, Discussion, Grades of

service of link systems, Applications of graph theory to link systems, Use of expansion, Call packing,Re-arrangeable networks, Strict sense non blocking networks.

UNIT IV

Time Division Switching: Introduction, Basic time division space switching, Basic time division timeswitching, Time multiplexed space switching, Time multiplexed time switching, Combination

switching, Three stage combination switching, Grades of service of time division switching networks,Synchronization, Frame alignment, Synchronization network.

UNIT V

Switching System Software: Basic software architecture, Operating systems, Database management,Concept of generic programs, Software architecture for level-1, level-2 and level-3 control, Digital

switching system software classification, Call models, Connect sequence, Disconnect sequence,Software linkages during a call, Call features, Feature flow diagrams, Feature interaction.

Networks: Introduction, Analog networks, Integrated digital networks, ISDN, Cellular radio networks,Intelligent networks and private networks.

Textbooks:

1. J. E. Flood, Telecommunication Switching Traffic and Networks, Pearson Education, 2006.2. Thiagarajan Viswanathan, Telecommunication Switching Systems and Networks, PHI, 2003.3. Syed R. Ali, Digital Switching Systems, TMH, 2002.

References:

1. John C. Bellamy, Digital Telephony, John Wiley, 3rd Edition, 2002.

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