Science Form 1 Chapter 1

Science Module Form 1 – Chapter 1

Prepared By : Abiana Bt. Ja’afar(GCSC) e-mail : [email protected] 1

CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION TO SCIENCE

1.1 WHAT IS SCIENCE? Definition Importance of Science Areas of science Career in science

• Science is the systematic study of nature and how it affects us and the environment.

• Science covers broad field of knowledge that deals with observed facts and the relationship among those facts.

• Improve our standard of living.

• Improve quality of environment.

• Understand the world around us.

• Prevention and treatment of diseases.

• Increase food supply

• Biology – Study of living things.

• Physics – Study of matter, energy, force and motion

and the way they relate to each other.

• Chemistry – Study of composition, properties,

reactions and uses of substances.

• Geology – Study of rocks and minerals.

• Astronomy – Study of universe.

• Meteorology – Study of weather.

a) Doctors b) Engineers c) Pharmacists d) Teachers e) Chemists f) Architects g) Physicists h) Astronauts i) Microbiologists j) Computer experts



1. What is science ? _____________________________________________________ 2. Name three natural phenomena that bring about bad effects to

living things. (a) __________________________________________________ (b) __________________________________________________ (c) __________________________________________________

3. List three benefits of science to our lives (a) __________________________________________________ (b) __________________________________________________ (c) __________________________________________________

4. State three main branches of study in science. (a) __________________________________________________ (b) __________________________________________________ (c) __________________________________________________

5. Give five examples of career that related to science. (a) __________________________________________________ (b) __________________________________________________ (c) __________________________________________________ (d) __________________________________________________ (e) __________________________________________________

Review 1 : What is Science



1.2 SAFETY RULES AND APPARATUS IN THE LABORATORY

Laboratory Safety Rules

• Do not enter the laboratory without teacher’s permission.

• Do not take anything out of the laboratory.

• Read all the instruction before start any work

• Read the label on a reagent bottle before using its content

• Do not taste or smell any chemical

• Do not eat or drink in the laboratory

• Do not run and play at the laboratory

• Do not throw solid waste into the sink.

• Do not pour any unused chemical into its bottle.

• Clean apparatus that you have used.



Hazard Warning Symbols



Common Laboratory Apparatus

Apparatus Use

Test tube

• To hold liquids or chemicals

Beaker

• To hold liquids or chemicals.

Retort stand and

clamp

• Hold apparatus while carrying out experiments.

Gas jar

• To collect gas

Conical flask

• To hold liquids and chemicals



Apparatus Use

Filter funnel

• Filter mixture of solids and liquids

Measuring cylinder

• To measure the volume of solutions .

Evaporating dish

• To evaporate liquids from a solution.

Tripod stand and

wire gauze

• Support apparatus during heating

Bunsen burner

• To provide a flame



Apparatus Use

Burette

• To measure small volume of liquid

Pipette

• To measure a fixed volume of liquids.

Round-bottomed

flask


Flat-bottomed flask


Crucible

• To hold solids for strong heating over a flame.



1. What action that should take when chemical get into your eyes?

______________________________________________________________

2. Name the following apparatus and state its function.

Apparatus Name Use

Review 2 : Safety Rules and Apparatuus



3. Complete the table below

Hazard Warning Symbol Meaning Example



1.3 SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION

SCIENTIFIC

INVESTIGATION

IDENTIFY

THE

PROBLEM

PLANNING THE

EXPERIMENT

CONTROLLING

VARIABLES

COLLECTING

DATA ANALYSE

DATA

INTERPRET

DATA

MAKE

CONCLUSION

PREPARE

REPORT

MAKE A

SMART

GUESS

(HYPHOTHESIS)



1. Complete the following steps in scientific investigation.

2. In the pendulum experiment, state the

(a) Manipulated variable : _________________________________________ (b) Responding variable : ________________________________________ (c) Constant variable : ________________________________________

Review 3 : Steps In Scientific Investigation

Step 1:

Step 2: Making a hypothesis

Step 3:

Step 4: Planning the experiment

Step 5:

Step 6:

Step 7:

Step 8: Writing a report



1.4 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES AND THEIR UNITS

DEFINATION Quantities that can be measured.

Physical Quantities

SI Units Unit Symbols

Length

Metre m

Mass

Kilogram kg

Time

Second s

Temperature

Kelvin K

Electric current

Ampere A

Prefixe Symbol Value of the

symbol

Multification

Factor

Tera T X 1012 X 1 000 000 000

000

Giga G X 109 X 1 000 000 000

Mega M X 106 X 1 000 000

Kilo k X 103 X 1 000

Hecto h X 102 X 10

Deca da X 101 X 10

Deci d X 10-1 0.1

Centi c X 10-2 0.01

Milli m X 10-3 0.001

Micro µµµµ X 10-6 0.000001

Nano n X 10-9 0.000 000 001

Pico p X 10-12 0.000 000 000

001

Femto f X 10-15 0.000 000 000

000 001

1 cm = 10mm 1m = 100 cm = 1 000 mm 1 km = 1 000 m = 100 00 cm

Value of physical quantity

Prefix form

2 000 000 000 A 2 GA

8 000 000 m 8 Mm

5 000 g 5 kg

0.02m 2 cm

0.005m 5 mm

0.000007s 7 µs



1. State 5 physical quantities and their SI unit .

Physical quantity S.I unit Symbol

2. Change the value of the physical quantity given to the standard form and the

prefix form.

Value of physical quantity Standard form Prefix form

1 000 m

0.03 m

5 000 000 m

0.000 008 m

0.006 m

3. Change the values of the physical quantities to the prefix forms.

(a) 5 000 g = ___________ kg (b) 0.008 kg = ___________ g (c) 7 500 g = ___________ kg (d) 5 500 m = ___________ km (e) 200 m = ___________ km (f) 0.03 m = ____________ cm

Review 4 : Physical Quantities and Their Units



1.5 THE CONCEPT OF MASS

Weight Mass Various balances for measuring mass and weight alance

� The pull of the Earth on an object.

� The force that pulls of body towards the centre of the Earth is called gravitational force.

� The weight of an object may change in different places.

� Types of tools for measuring weight :

- Spring balance - Compression balance

� The S.I unit : Newton (N)

� The quantity of matter in an object.

� The mass of an object is constant and not affected by gravitational force.

� Types of tools for measuring mass :

- Lever balance - Triple beam balance - Electronic balance

� The S.I unit : Kilogram (kg)

Lever balance Triple beam balance Electronic balance

Spring balance Compression balance



1. State the definition of :

(a) Mass : _____________________________________________________ (b) Weight : ____________________________________________________

2. State the S.I unit for : (a) Mass : _____________________________________________________ (b) Weight : ____________________________________________________

3. State two example of tools to measure : (a) Mass : _____________________________________________________ (b) Weight : ____________________________________________________

4. Complete the following table.

On Earth On Moon In Outer Space

Mass 78kg

Weight 780N

5. Name the balances. State whether it is used to measure the ‘mass’ or ‘weight’

of an object.

____________________ __________________ ________________ ____________________ __________________ ________________

Review 5 : The Concept of Mass



1.6 THE USE OF MEASURING TOOLS Measuring Length

� Length is the distance between two points.

� The SI unit is metre (m). � Other units that can be used for

length : o kilometer (km) o centimeter (cm) o millimeter (mm)

� The relationship between the units of length

1cm = 10mm 1m = 100 cm = 1 000 mm 1 km = 1 000 m = 100 000 cm

� Instruments for measuring length ; o Metre rule – to measure short

straight line. o Measuring tapes – to measure

distances of up to several hundred metres.

o Internal calipers - to measure the internal diameter.

o External calipers – to measure the external diameter.

o Vernier calipers – to measure the internal diameter, external diameter and the depth of an object.

o Micrometer screw gauge � When taking a reading, the eye

must be placed vertically above the mark of scale to avoid parallax error.

� Parallax error – an error in measurement due to the eye not being correct position while taking a reading.

Vernier callipers

Micrometer screw gauge



Measuring Area

Area is measure of the amount of a surface.

Its SI unit is square meters (m2). Other units that can be used for

area Square kilometers (km2) Square centimeters (cm2) Square millimeters (mm2)

The relationship between the units of area 1cm2 = 100mm2 1m2 = 10 000 cm2 1 km2 = 1 000 000m2

The areas of regular-shaped object can be calculated by using mathematical formulae.

The areas of irregular- shaped object can be estimated by tracing the object on a graph paper and counting the number of completed, half- completed or more than half-completed squares.



Measuring Volume

Volume is a measure of the space occupied by a substances.

Its SI unit is cubic meters (m3). Other units that can be used for

volume Cubic millimeters (mm3) cubic centimeters (cm3) Milliliters (ml). Liters (l).

The relationship between the units of area

1ml = 1cm3 1l = 1 000 ml = 1 000cm3 1 m3 = 1 000 000ml = 1 000 000 cm3

Tools for measuring volume of liquid:

Measuring cylinder Burette Pipette

The volume of regular-shaped solid objects can be calculated by using formulae.

The volume of irregular-shaped solid objects can be measured by

using water displacement method.



1. Complete these following table:

Quantities SI Unit Tools/Method

a. Area

b. Volume of liquids

c. Volume of irregular shapes

d. Volume of regular shapes

e. curved line

f. short straight line

2. State the function of :

(a) Vernier caliper : ______________________________________________ (b) Opisometer : ______________________________________________

3. What is the parallax error ? ______________________________________________________________

4. Why do we need to take reading for 3 times ? ______________________________________________________________

Review 6 : The Use of Measuring Tools

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Science Form 1 Chapter 1

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