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International Expert Workshop

Science-practice interactions for effective climate change adaptation

Identifying new approaches for collaboration between Europe and low-income countries

January 29, 2014


Plenary opening:

Welcome and introduction to the workshop

Britta Horstmann (DIE) & Rob Swart (CIRCLE 2)

© 2010 German Development Institute / Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE)

Science-practice interaction for effective climate change adaptation

Introduction to the workshop

Britta Horstmann/ DIE

29.01.2014, Bonn

© 2010 German Development Institute / Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE) 2

1. There is a need and there is a commitment to support countries particularlyvulnerable to climate change

How best to support adaptation processes in these countries?

Introduction

Action on adaptation to climate change shall be:

‘be based on and guided by the best available science and, as appropriate, traditional and indigenous knowledge, and by gender-sensitive approaches, with a view to integrating adaptation into relevant social, economic and environmental policies and actions, where appropriate’ (UNFCCC)

be country-driven (UNFCCC)


2. Climate change adaptation is a complex, context specific, and place-basedprocess, therefore

a simple„transfer“ of knowledge/approaches/solutions is usually not useful;

climate change adaptation processes need context specific data and analysis

analysis should be demand-led /country-driven

Introduction


3. The potential of science-practice interaction is still underdeveloped

„a major barrier to implementation of effective adaptation strategies is the disconnect between the informationthat end-users need (or think they need) and the existing outcomes of climate change impacts and adaptationresearch“(Kim/Austin, Climate Research, 58 (1) 2013)

Different starting points – two examples:

Introduction

The National Adaptation Plan Global Support Programme (NAP-GSP)_______________________________________financed though GEF/ LDCF; 2 mill. USD/ 2 years/ 23 countries;

• assist LDCs to identify technical, institutional and financial needs to integrate climate change adaptation into ongoing medium and long-term national planning and budgeting

• providing technical expertise, and offering opportunities for knowledge exchange.

WASCAL - West African Climate Service Center on Climate Change and AdaptedLand Use (International Institute)___________________________________Financed by German Ministry of Science and Education (BMBF): 55 M Euro/ + annual co-financing by member countries

• Large-scale research focusedcollaborative programme between 10 West African countries + Germany

• enhance resilience of human and naturalsystems;

• application-oriented research andadvisory function for public and private decision-makers


(Re-)consider existing governance structures and processesbetween science and practice

Discuss changes and / or innovations needed in science-practice interaction

Introduction


4. There are windows of opportunity

Introduction

Workshop onScience‐practice collaboration on climate change adaptation between Europe and low‐income‐countries

Date: 29 January 2014Venue: Bonn, Germany

Rob SwartWP SHARE, KvK, The Netherlands

European Network of 34 institutions from 23 countriescommitted to fund and share knowledge on Climate Adaptation research.

EU Financial Contribution: € 2 million

Duration: 4 years (May2010 ‐ April2014)

Coordination: Portugal

Site: www.circle‐era.eu

CIRCLE‐2 general information

Climate Impact Research and ResponseCoordination for a Larger Europe

2

DESIGN

FUNDSHARE

Identify needs/gaps Joint Research Agenda Joint Programming

Sub‐networks Joint Initiatives Joint Calls for research

Workshop Series Identify users & needs (Science‐Policy Interface) Transfer research knowledge 3

LEAD

Coordination & Management Monitoring and Reporting Communication (INFOBASE)

DESIGN Cooperation to FUND Research and SHARE Knowledge on Climate Adaptation

http://infobase.circle-era.eu/ 4

CIRCLE‐2 general information

Inadequate stakeholder engagement•Lack of stakeholder interest

•Inequal distribution of resources•Lack of continuity

Interpersonal problems•lack of trust

•cultural diversity•language barriers

Personal limitations•incompetence, lack of skills

•Insufficient knowledge •lack of motivation

Inadequate resources•Insufficient time

•Inadequate funding•staff changes

Other practical constraints•technological infrastructure

•physical distance• uncertainties about goals

BARRIERS SOLUTIONS

Adequate time and funds

Demand‐driven objectives and design

Dialogue on normative adaptation dimensions

Lasting partnerships and salient stake‐

holders engagement

Suitable mix of knowledge sharing

methods

Workshop results aim to support IVA research programming

6

7

Results also presented at the CIRCLE-2 final conference, 10-12 March 2014, Lisbon

Workshop objectives

9

• Identify relevant knowledge needs in climate change adaptation in low-income countries.

• Identify ways to use experiences in science-practice interaction from low-income countries and from Europe to iImprove collaboration between science and practice and make adaptation research more effective.

• Discuss the role of research funding and managing organizations in supporting the knowledge base and analytic capacities in low-income countries and in strengthening collaboration.

• Identify the way forward: how can science-practice interaction between low-income and European countries be improved?


The following questions are to be addressed at the workshop:

1. How to identify the most relevant research questions forEuropean research programming with regard to knowledge needs for climate change adaptation in low-income countries?

2. How can research funders in European countries improve their support for the production of sound contextspecific adaptation knowledge in low-income countries?

3. How can experiences and knowledge in science-practice interaction from low-income countries be used to shape European funding programmes to develop mutual learning opportunities in science-practice interface?


Identification of research-practice priority needs in climate change adaptation from the perspective of low-income-countries:

1. What are relevant adaptation-related knowledge needs in low-income countries and how can these be identified?

2. How can experiences in science-practice interaction in low-income countries be used to shape European funding programmes?

3. What are related (research policy) processes and structures that shape knowledge sharing between science and practice and what is the governance behind these? How are topics selected and who selects topics?


• Identifying knowledge needs in data poor environments: the role of initiatives such as PROVIA and Future Earth in harmonisingprocesses, approaches and formats: Chris Gordon/ Institute for Environment and Sanitation Studies and PROVIA

• Meeting knowledge needs in low-income countries – the approach of the Africa Adaptation Knowledge Network: Antwi-BoasiakoAmoah/ Environmental Protection Agency, Ghana

• Adaptation and knowledge needs in low-income countries – a practice-oriented approach from a national perspective: ASM Sayem/ ICDDR, Bangladesh

• Supporting the knowledge base in and strengthening cooperation with South America – a Mexican view: Carlos Patiño Gómez/ University of las Americas Puebla, Mexico

Identifying knowledge needs in data poor environments: the role of initiatives such as PROVIAand Future Earth in harmonisingprocesses, approaches and formats

Prof. Chris GordonDirector, Institute for Environment and Sanitation Studies

Science‐practice interactions for effective climate change adaptation, Bonn 29th January 2014

The “Wicked Problem” of Climate Change needs adaption solutions that are innovative to be effective

Acknowledging the existence of wicked problems (Rittel & Webber , 1972) means admitting the need to face societal challenges for which no definitive answer currently exists.

Wicked problems are structurally complex so that it is hard to say where a given problem stops and another one begins.

Stakeholders will frame these challenges in different ways so that a one‐size‐fits‐all solution is highly unlikely.

Thinking in terms of wicked problems opens up a novel repertoire of strategies to come to grips with these issues.

There is a need for a NEW type of propagandist to address wicked problems with a trans‐disciplinary approach as the BAU approach has not worked/shows no sign of working

: Capacity Building

• Curriculum Development• Staff Development• Partnerships & Participation• Bridging Science & Society• Education beyond the University• Innovation in Climate Education

“Visioning a Capacity Revolution” (VCR) to test a dual hypothesis:1) Futures, emergence of new, potentially powerful capabilities for learning and acting;2) Past, evidence that existing capacities to learn and act are inadequate, even dysfunctional to the point of being dangerous

global change SysTem for Analysis Research and Training

Integrating Climate ChangeMitigation and Adaptation into Development Planning (CCMAP) projectFunded by the European Commission with co‐support from UNEPand USAID

Sta : Networks/Critical Mass

EU FP‐7 Initiatives: CAAST‐N+

CAAST‐Net Plus is a network of 25 partner organisations from all over Europe and sub‐Saharan Africa, working together to support bi‐regional cooperation in research and innovation. (2013 ‐2016)

A Network for the Coordination and Advancement of Sub‐SaharanAfrica‐EU Science & Technology Cooperation

Building on the activities and outputs of the CAAST‐Net project (2008‐2012), CAAST‐Net Plus aims to:• Encourage more and better bi‐regional STI cooperation for enhanced

outcomes around topics of mutual interest, and particularly in relation to the global societal challenges of climate change, food security and health.

• Foster discussion among stakeholders for gathering informed opinion and experience about the bi‐regional cooperation process, formulating and disseminating it in such a way as to be admissible to the formal bi‐regional STI policy dialogue process and to programme owners.

2 Areas where Partnership and Collaboration were identified (from Ghana CDKN case study)

1. Adaptation and Mitigation Research• Impact of climate on business• Assessing pre‐adaptation strategies

in rural communities• Crop and Animal breeding• Transportation systems• Functioning of Cities• Renewable energy

2. Knowledge Dissemination and Management• How to reform Institutions and Research Organisations to be able to respond

more rapidly to Social Concerns• How to promote diversification among stakeholders engaged in knowledge

management and sharing that would lead to more sharing of information among Academia, Decision‐makers, Industry and Civil Society (quadruple helix model)

• How to increase the visibility of research findings and promote research outputs

Dynamic Nature of Data needs: Evolution

Timeline: (Life of Decision Making Unit/Funding Cycle/Election Period)

D

AM

DA

M

D

AM

D

AM

Development

Mitigation

Adaptation

Triple Win Scenarios: across time/spatial scales

: What is PRO-VIA

Programme of Research On Climate Change Vulnerability, Impacts and Adaptation

PROVIA is a global initiative which aims to provide direction, coherence, and capacity‐building at the international level for research on vulnerability, impacts and adaptation (VIA)

Parent organizations are UNEP and WMO; counterpart to World Climate Research Programme (WCRP)

PROVIA responds to the urgent call by the scientific and policy communities for a more cohesive and coordinated approach, and the critical need to harmonize, mobilize, and communicate the growing knowledge‐base on VIA

PRO-VIA’s workplan includes 4 Activities:

i) Develop a prioritised international agenda for research on VIA., and communicate to governments and international agencies,

Third International Climate Change Adaptation ConferenceFortaleza Ceará ‐ Brazil12 ‐16 May 2014http://adaptationfutures2014.ccst.inpe.br/

ii) Provide scientific information on VIA to the UNFCCCand similar bodies, especially information that will enable more effective adaptation.

iii) A biennial conference to improve the coherence of VIA research

iv) Improve the robustness of VIA assessments, by revising guidance on research methods.

Development of a prioritised international agenda

Prepared for PROVIA by C. Rosenzweig and R. M. Horton (Columbia University)

Started with 172 topics based on gap analysis of literature , foresight by PROVIA SSC, further consultation with experts and policymakers based on 3 criteria:• Salience to policy makers and

decision‐makers• Potential for advances in cost‐

effective and timely manner• Emergent/innovative areas

Intention is to enhance global research coordination and provide guidance to researchers, donors and policymakers

PROVIA Research Priorities Framework

Section A. Information to Support Policymaker Decisions

o A.1 Identifying the Problem

o A.2 Advancing Vulnerability Reduction and Adaptation Solutions

o A.3 Developing Tools to Support More Inclusive Cost Estimates and Other Prioritization Criteria

o A.4 Enhancing Communication and Stakeholder / Public Participation

Section B. Systems and Regions

o B.1 Key Systems o B.2 Human Well‐being o B.3 Critical Geographical Areas

Section C. Emerging Topics

A total of 33 priority topics

Future Earth: Purpose, Visioning & Themes

A global platform for international scientific collaborationo Enables integrated research

on grand challenges and transformations to sustainability

o Strengthens global partnerships between researchers, funders and users of research

o Communicates science to society and society to science

Transformation towards

Sustainability

Transformation towards

Sustainability

Dynamic PlanetDynamic Planet

Global Development

Global Development

Future Earth: Co‐design/production of Research

Source: Mauser et al., COSUST, 2013

Future Earth: Engagement Committee

The Future Earth 18 member Engagement Committee is a strategic advisory group whose primary purpose is to ensure that Future Earth is a genuine platform for international science engagement which will deliver the knowledge that society needs.

It will focus activities and strategy at the international level. It will provide formal links to international assessments processes and agencies.

It will provide advice and recommendations on how to develop new links with stakeholder groups not traditionally engaged with the global change community, thereby building a new constituency for Future Earth knowledge.

Future Earth and AfricaWhy should Africa care about Future Earth‐Africa? Future Earth‐Africa through its holistic approach, will serve as a model of

interconnection between governance, business and academia and will help guide governments in their development role.

Future Earth‐Africa will create a platform for cross/trans/inter –disciplinary discourse: it will produce links and exchanges between the different fields of research which will encourage sharing of ideas and will make it easier to innovate.

Why should Future Earth be interested in Africa? Unique/untapped uncoordinated research opportunities in Africa whose value

globally is not adequately exploited: rare, unused but unorganized research opportunities in whose worth has not been sufficiently used hence Africa has a lot to offer in this regard.

Potential for impact in addressing real world problems: they have the possibility of having a greater influence on the world by solving actual issues since many of these problems can be seen physically in Africa and not just as ideas.

1. What are relevant adaptation‐related knowledge needs in low‐income countries and how can these be identified?

The underlying issues that are needed to address the knowledge gaps and research priorities for climate change and development in Ghana are: Lack of Research Funds Lack of funding to participate in

International Conferences Lack of Research time due to high teaching

loads (number of Students per course and number of course per lecturer

Lack of critical mass of researchers in any particular research themes

Lack of inter‐faculty and interdisciplinary research

Lack of formal research groups, outside the Research Institutes

Lack of access to current literature Lack of adequate salaries for research staff

2. How can experiences in science‐practice interaction in low‐income‐countries be used to shape European funding programmes?

Catch them young

Capacity + Capacity + Capacity

Use incidents

Continual Engagement

3. What are related (research policy) processes and structures that shape knowledge sharing between science and practice and what is the governance behind these? How are topics selected and who selects topics?

We need to unpack these questions and ADD to them1. What are related (research

policy) processes and structures that shape knowledge sharing between science and practice ( 2 x 2 question)

2. What is the governance behind these?

3. How are topics selected?4. Who selects topics?

The missing 5th and 6th Questions: 5. Why are the topics selected?6. How can the topics be harmonized synergistically?

Science Practice

Adapted from Tress et. Al. 2005

?

Level of Integration is a Continuum

Final Word on Objectives: EU/LCDi) What are the relevant knowledge needs in climate change adaptation in low‐income countries.ii) How do we effectively use experiences in science‐practice interaction to improve adaption research as well as science/practice collaboration.iii) Who should acts to strengthen roles in research funding and managing organizations to support knowledge/analytic capacities in low‐income LCDs.iv) Which path should we take towards improving science‐practice interaction between low‐income and European countries.

• What adaptation will be needed between now and 2030 to cope with early unmitigated impacts.?

• Where is vulnerability greatest?• What are the likely unavoided

climate impacts beyond 2030?• How can adaptive capacity be

built to confront these impacts?

Africa Adaptation Knowledge Network:

A Continental Platform

Antwi‐B. Amoah (EPA, Ghana) For: Richard Munang (Ph.D)

Climate Change Regional CoordinatorUNEP Regional Office for Africa

Global Adaptation Network (GAN)

GANGlobal Adapatation NetworkREGATTA

APAN

AAKNet

The CC Challenge for AfricaAfrica’s vulnerability to climate change and their causes is well established

The CC Challenge for AfricaRepeated cycles of climate induced disasters e.g. the Horn of Africa in 2011, and the Sahel last 2012.

The CC Challenge for Africa• Decisive action on building capacity for adaptation are therefore key

priorities for sustainable development in Africa.• Information and knowledge that span the interlinked stages of adaptation

actions is urgently needed.

AfricaClimate

CDKN

SIDA

SIDA

IUCN

AfricaAdapt

ClimDev -ACPC

CDKN

sasscal

sasscal

ALM

AfricaClimate

AfricaClimate

AfricaClimate

ClimDev -ACPC

ALM

CDKN

AfricaClimate

AfricaClimate

ClimDev -ACPC

ClimDev -ACPC

ALM

ALM

CDKN

CDKN

Adaptation Platforms in Africa

What is AAKNet/ Functions

Aggregating knowledge

Harnessing knowledge

Tailoring support for Knowledge

Coordinating Knowledge platforms

Aggregating knowledge in addressing pertinent climatic risks,

Harnessing knowledge for strategic planning processes including knowledge generated as pilots

Tailoring support for knowledge needs

Building alliances

Coordinating knowledge platforms in powering policy planning and processes

Building alliances of knowledge platforms in the continent

AAKNet

AAKNet

• UNEP convened an Africa Adaptation Knowledge Network (AAKNet) workshop under the theme “Convening Adaptation Knowledge Networks andPlatforms in Africa,” from 5‐6 February 2013, in Nairobi, Kenya.

• The participating representatives from regional adaptation knowledge platforms agreed to adopt AAKNet as the continental network responsiblefor coordinating adaptation knowledge.

African Ministerial Conference on Environment (AMCEN) adopts AAKNet as Continental Network

• The 5th session of the African Ministerial Conference onEnvironment (AMCEN) that took place in Gaborone,Botswana from 15‐18, October 2013 adopted the GaboroneDeclaration on climate change and Africa's Development.

The Ministers declared their resolve and adopted;

• Decision recognizing and supporting the Africa adaptationknowledge network as the continental network for coordinating,facilitating, harnessing and strengthening the exchange ofinformation and knowledge for climate change adaptation.

• High policy recognition gives more momentum to push ahead withthis flagship platform for knowledge sharing and dialogue towardsaddressing emerging climate change issues and challenges in Africa

African Ministerial Conference on Environment (AMCEN) adopts AAKNet as Continental Network

AAKNet Framework

Packaging and Sharing

Knowledge

Improved access to knowledge for decision‐making and planning

Strengthened collaboration and synergies and reduced overlaps

among platforms

1. Compiling and disseminating knowledge products

2. Organizing knowledge‐sharing and learning workshops

3. Maintaining an online knowledge platform

4. Organizing an Africa Adaptation Forum

1. Undertaking user needs assessments

2. Taking stock of knowledge provided, and identifying gaps

3. Convening workshops for information‐sharing

4. Providing an online discussion forum, e‐newsletter and mailing list

5. Coordinating drafting of collaborative publications

6. Fostering collaborative projects and initiatives

1. Providing technical support and advisory services to regional and sub‐regional processes

2. Developing policy briefs and technical papers

3. Reviewing policy options 4. Organizing training

workshops 5. Convening science‐policy

dialogues

Convening Knowledge Platforms

Supporting Policy and Planning

Reinforced regional and sub‐regional policy and planning processes

Work Areas

Objectives

Activities (examples)

AAKNet Portal

www.aaknet.org

Thank you

Dr. ASM Sayem, MBBS, MIH,

Public Health Specialist

Bangladesh

Bangladesh to be hit hard for climate change: World Bank

Bangladesh

Approximately 70% of the people are dependent on agriculture

Population : 154.7 million (2012)

Area: 147,570 km²

700 revers and thousands of their tributaries

Climate Crisis: Bangladesh Rated Most Vulnerable Country in the World

70 million people could be affected annually by floods, 8 million by droughts, and Up to 8 per cent of low‐lying lands may be under water due to rising sea levels.

By 2050

• National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) by MoEF in 2005

NAPA suggested the following adaptation measures for Bangladesh

• Coastal afforestation

• Providing drinking water

• Capacity building for management institutions.

• Climate change and adaptation information dissemination

• Construction of flood shelter, and information and assistance centre

• Mainstreaming adaptation to climate change into policies and programmes

• Inclusion of climate change issues in curriculum

• Enhancing resilience of urban infrastructure and industries

• Development of eco‐specific adaptive knowledge

• Adaptation to agriculture systems

• Adaptation to fisheries

• Promoting adaptation to coastal fisheries/ agriculture

• Exploring options for insurance

The National Adaptation Plan of Action 2005‐ Priorities

• BCCSAP is a 10 years program (2009‐2018) to built the capacity and resilience of the country to meet challenges of climate change

• The BCCSAP lists 37 programmes under the 6 major pillars which are to be reviewed and revised as more knowledge and experience is gained over time while implementing adaptation and research related programmes.

• The government established a Climate Change Cell (CCC) to build capacity and to mainstream climate change issues to promote climate‐resilient development in Bangladesh in 2004.

• Climate change issues are no longer confined to the climate change specialist institutions in Bangladesh

Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan 2009

Ministries and Sectors involved

Ministries and Sectors involved adapting to climate change

• Under ministry of Health and family welfare

• It has 32 operational plan under HPNSDP (2011‐16)

• There is no plan for climate change as it’s a cross cutting issueit has Climate change Unit directly under Ministry

• The ministry provides fund

• It has the authority to use foreign fund approved by the Ministry

• Monitoring mechanism is unavailable within all CCU

• There is no routine MIS for climate change issue. All information are scattered

Best practices in Adaptations

Since the Great Bhola Cyclone of 1970, a Category 4 cyclone that brought a storm surge of up to 27 feet and killed an estimated 350,000‐550,000 people, Bangladesh embarked on program to build concrete cyclone shelters. However, these efforts were insufficient and in 1991 more than 140,000 people died from another tropical cyclone.

After this cyclone, the Bangladesh government built 2500 more cyclone shelters are planned to be built soon in the low‐lying coastal districts.

Multi‐purpose cyclone shelters

In 2050 we require adding about 5,700 multipurpose cyclone shelters, at an estimated cost of US$1.2 billion.

Solar powered Floating school & Training center

Another example of living with floods is the raising of the plinth height above the flood level. It is a method, which can be promoted at the household level. The plinth, which is often build of earth and tends to be completely washed away during floods, can be made stronger with a little cement and some pieces of stone and brick. In this way, the plinth may last through repeated floods (IFRC, 2008). Similar raised ground constructions are being integrated into the design of coastal embankments for isolated communities.

Raised platform for house

Radio Nalta Programmes

Radio Nalta broadcasts everyday from 8 am‐11 am in morning and 2 pm‐7pm at evening. Along with other programmes it broadcasts programmesproduced jointly by Climate Change and Health Promotion Unit (CCHPU)

Projects that might fail

Why we fail

• Lack of Governments ownership though funded by government

• Proper dissemination in the implementation area

• Local culture

• High maintenance cost of the project

Community Based Approach for Adaptation‐Water Treatment Plant for Removing Salinity

A project under health ministry:

In order to provide safe drinking water, Climate Change and Health Promotion Unit (CCHPU) took an attempt to purify water for removing salinity in these regions

Why we fail:• Availability of Fund• Maintenance of the project to continue• Lobbing with other ministry to adopt • Dissemination and inadequate

sustainability plan

Cost of adaptation estimated by World Bank

Spent 10 billion US $ for flood management, coastal polders, cyclone and flood shelters, roads and highways construction mainly to make the country less vulnerable to natural disasters (MoEF, 2009)

Stakeholders in CC in Bangladesh

• Adaptation knowledge needs found critical gaps in several other sectors as well.

• Better meteorological data and climate change projections are needed to inform disaster risk reduction efforts.

• In the public health sector, there is a need for data‐gathering at hospitals about diseases such as diarrhoea, malaria and dengue, and for better communication to convey knowledge and expertise to the community level, and to raise public awareness of climate‐related health and sanitation measures (Better MIS).

Important points to make

• Masters and diploma Courses in Climate change in Bangladesh

• Better Policy documents in adaptation in every ministry

• Inter‐ministrial coordination and fund allocation • Local Governments can be key actors in adapting to the local impacts

of climate change

Important points to make‐Continue

A simple policy decision can save thousands of life

Mandatory swimming course at school

Thanks you ALL

• National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA), Ministry of Environment and Forest Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

• Climate Change & Health Promotion Unit Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, website

• Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan 2009. Ministry of. Environment and Forests, Government of the People s Republic of Bangladesh,. Dhaka

• Adapting to Cyclonic Storm Surges: Bangladesh, Atiq Rahman (Bangladesh Centre of Advanced Studies, Dhaka), Rafiq Islam (Manly Council, Australia)

Acknowledgements

Science‐practice interactions foreffective climate change

adaptation: The Latin American perspective

UNIVERSIDAD DE LAS AMÉRICAS PUEBLADR. CARLOS PATINO

January 2014

Water dialogues and climate changeexperiences in Latin American

1. Inclusion in regional development plans, national andlocal levels and in all sectors whose activities are fullywater‐related

2. Reduce water‐related risks and vulnerabilities in otherfields, including agriculture, energy, health, theenvironment, urban water services, development, andplanning, among others

3. Institutional arrangements should be adapted to the newconditions, which implies that they must close gaps inactivities between ministries of environment, water,energy, agriculture, planning, health, etc..

Water dialogues and climate changeexperiences in Latin American

4. There are three "I" (Institutions, Information andInfrastructure), which must be taken into account in eachand every one development plans as key elements.

5. The proper functioning of watersheds and aquifers to beincorporated in the planning, as natural infrastructurethat increases resilience to potential impacts.

6. Information needs to be developed and adapted to theneeds of users.

Main impacts of climate change on water resources in Latin American

Change in precipitation rates, in both time and space,particularly in the area of watershed.

Variability in streamflow regimes of rivers. Extreme phenomena in cycles of drought and flood. Deterioration of water quality in rivers and coastal

areas by rising sea levels and saltwater intrusion inaquifers.

Socioeconomic impacts to water shortages, andbecause of the continued, would have severeconsequences in most sectors as agriculture, energy,drinking water and forestry.

Adaptation measures in LatinAmerican: facing climate change

Adaptation to climate change refers to adjustment innatural or human systems in response to actual orexpected climatic stimuli or their effects, whichmoderates harm or exploits beneficial opportunities(IPCC, 2001).

We can distinguish several types of adaptation,including anticipatory and reactive, private and public,and autonomous and planned.

Technology for adaptation

Most adaptation measures include the use oftechnology that is not only in infrastructure andequipment but also knowledge and best practices.

Technologies for adaptation can be defined as: "Theapplication of technology to reduce vulnerability orenhance resilience of natural or social impact of climatechange system." (UNFCCC, 2005)

Classification of technologies foradaptation

"Hard" technologies (ie new construction, differenttypes of equipment, protection works, irrigationsystems, etc..).

"Soft" technologies (ie more related to management,knowledge, know‐how, organizational skills, etc..).

A combination of both (ie early warning systems thatcombine measurement devices, informationtechnologies and soft technologies as alert andevacuation protocols).

Applications for assessment of impacts of CC

Simulation models of climate change (climatemodels).

Impact assessment by the CC on waterresources and related sectors (applicationmodels, SIG's, remote sensing, etc..).

Management databases.

Climate change effect in wáter resources

Climate change impact in theagricultural sector

Adaptation measures, both regionallyand nationally, depend mainly onadequate legislation for waterdistribution, as well as an adequateplanning and management rules andavailable technology.

Adaptation measures to address the climate change effects

Developing skills of accounting and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions;

identify opportunities for reducing GHG emissions; identify areas, infrastructure and most vulnerable

populations; developing and implementing adaptation projects; multilateral agreements to facilitate the establishment of

the rules

12

Main tasks for the adaptation in LatinAmerican

Recommendations foradaptation

Focus of risk associated with water Floods, droughts, tropical storms Through an integrated approach of water management

policies. Incorporate climate change policies water management. Promote research to assess the impact on the hydrological

cycle, both nationally and in transboundary basins.

Raise awareness of the importance the legislature indeveloping research projects and / or adaptation ofthe effects of climate change on water resources inMexico.

Allocate more resources to institutions who studyclimate change in our country.

In environmental field, we recommend that climatechange should be included as a factor in the design,evaluation and implementation of the project to beconsidered for any study.

Legislative Collaboration with Research Institutes and Universities ‐ Recommendation

Dialogue

Develop a National Plan of Adaptation to ClimateChange involving all sectors where the water resourceis predominantly for its development.

Thanks!

Dr. Carlos Patiño Gó[email protected]

Universidad de las Americas Puebla

Mexican National Contact Point in Environmental and Climate Change http://pncs.imta.gob.mx


What are strength and weaknesses of existing processes and structures? What are gaps?

• An analytical perspective on the science/practice gap: Roger Kasperson/ Clark University

• CCA Knowledge brokering and network: Anne Hammill/ IISD

• An NGO perspective: Sven Harmeling/ Care International

• A development agency perspective: Michael Hoppe/ GIZ

• A research cooperation perspective: Gerold Heinrichs/ German Aerospace Centre (DLR)

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