scientic_caculator

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SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR

BS IT-2

Submitted To Prof. Asif

Submitted By

Ammad Farooq (2010-arid-1905)Fahad Islam (2010-arid-1913)

Sarmad Zaheer (2010-arid-1927)

Barani institute of information technology,

University of ARID Agriculture,

Rawalpindi

CERTIFICATION


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It is stated that I have read the project report submitted by Muhammad

Mudassar Yamin and in my judgment that this report is of sufficient

standard to warrant its acceptance by Barani Institute of Information

Technology. University of Arid Agriculture Rawalpindi, for second semester

of BS (IT).

SUPERVISORY COMMITTEE

Supervisor

________________________________________

Mr. Muhammad Asif

Mr.Muhammad Muddasar Yamin (Jnr: S.E)

Barani Institute of Information Technology

University of Arid Agriculture,Rawalpindi

Project Brief

Project Title Scientific calculator


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Organization Hacker & Friends

Undertaken By Ammad Farooq

Fahad Islam

Sarmad Zaheer

Supervised By Mr. Muhammad Asif

Starting Date 16 February 2011

Ending Date 14 June 2011

Software Used MS office 2003, MS visual studio 2005.

System Used Dell xps 2400, Intel Pentium 4 2.80 GHz

512 Mb ram.

Operating System Windows XP service pack 3


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Dedicated To

Our parents, brothers and sisters. Who always

pray for us in every aspect of our life!

Acknowledgement


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First, we thank to almighty Allah, the most merciful and compassionate and

most beneficial whose favor made it possible for us to complete that task

assigned to us.

Our parents brothers and sisters and all the member of my family pray for

us, which is the key of our success.

We pay our regards to our supervisor Mr. Muhammad Asif and Mr.

Muhammad Mudassar Yamin for there valuable suggestions. Without that it

would have been impossible for us to complete that task.

Ammad Farooq,

Fahad Islam,

Sarmad Zaheer,

June 14, 2011

TABLE OF CONTENT

Chapter #01 INTRODUCTION


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1.1 History of calculators..

1.2 History of digital calculators..

Chapter #02 ANALYSES

2.1 Use cases

2.2 DFD.

Chapter #03 DESIGNS

3.1 Design models

Chapter #04 DETAILED DESIGNS4.1 Level design.

4.2 Process of prototype development...

4.3 Prototypes.

Chapter #05 IMPLEMENTATION

5.1 Source code

Chapter #06 Testing

8.1 Testing phases..

8.2 white box testing...

8.3 Test cases..

SYSTEM SPECIFICATION

APPENDIX

GLOSSARY


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BIBLIOGRAPHY


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INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 1

Out line

This chapter is about the history of calculators and computerized digital

calculators.


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History of calculators

An electronic calculator (usually called simply a calculator) is

a small, usually inexpensive electronic device used to performthe basic operations of arithmetic. Modern calculators are more

portable than most computers, though most PDAs are

comparable in size to handheld calculators.

The first electronic calculator was created in the 1960s, building

on the history of tools such as the abacus, developed around

2000 BC; and the mechanical calculator, developed in the 17th

century. It was developed in parallel with the analog computersof the day.

Pocket-sized devices become available in the 1970s, especially

after the invention of the microprocessor developed

serendipitously by Intel for a Busicom calculator.

Modern calculators are electrically powered (usually by battery

and/or solar cell) and vary from cheap, give-away, credit-cardsized models to sturdy adding machine-like models with built-in

printers. They first became popular in the late 1960s as

decreasing size and cost of electronics made possible devices for

calculations, avoiding the use of scarce and expensive computer

resources. By the 1980s, calculator prices had reduced to a point

where a basic calculator was affordable to most. By the 1990s

they had become common in math classes in schools, with theidea that students could be freed from basic calculations and

focus on the concepts.

Computer operating systems as far back as early Unix have

included interactive calculator programs such as dc and hoc, and


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calculator functions are included in almost all PDA-type devices

(save a few dedicated address book and dictionary devices).

In addition to general purpose calculators, there are those

designed for specific markets; for example, there are scientificcalculators which focus on operations slightly more complex

than those specific to arithmetic for instance, trigonometric

and statistical calculations. Some calculators even have the

ability to do computer algebra. Graphing calculators can be used

to graph functions defined on the real line, or higher

dimensional Euclidean space. They often serve other purposes,

however.

History of computerized digital calculators


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Early years

Computers as we know them today first emerged in the 1940s

and 1950s. The software that they ran was naturally used to

perform calculations, but it was specially designed for a

substantial application that was not limited to simple

calculations. For example, the LEO computer was designed to

run business application software such as payroll.

Software specifically to perform calculations as its main purpose

was first written in the 1960s, and the first software package for

general calculations to obtain widespread use was released in1978. This was VisiCalc and it was called an interactive visible

calculator, but it was actually a spreadsheet, and these are now

not normally known simply as calculators.

The Unix version released in 1979, V7 Unix, contained a

command-line accessible calculator.

Simulation of hardware calculators

Calculators have been used since ancient times and until the

advent of software calculators they were physical, hardware

machines. The most recent hardware calculators are electronic

hand-held devices with buttons for digits and operations, and a

small window for inputs and results.

The first software calculators imitated these hardwarecalculators by implementing the same functionality with mouse-

operated, rather than finger-operated, buttons. Such software

calculators first emerged in the 1980s as part of the Windows

operating system, Windows 1.0.


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Some software calculators directly simulate one of the hardware

calculators, by presenting an image that looks like the calculator,

and by providing the same functionality.

Software calculators on the internet

There is now a very wide range of software calculators, and

searching the internet produces very large numbers of programs

that are called calculators.

The results include numerical calculators that apply arithmetic

operations or mathematical functions to numbers, and that

produce numerical results or graphs of numerical functions, plus

some non-numerical tools and games that are also called

calculators.

Many of the results are calculators that dont imitate or simulate

hardware calculators, but that take advantage of the greater

power of computer software to implement alternative types of

calculator.


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Chapter 02

ANALYSIS

Out line


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This chapter includes the analysis of Scientific calculator

Use cases

Use cases are the interaction of the user with the computer with the entitiespresent in the system.

The menu use case of Army Burn Hall Registration system is given below

USER

Now if the user have no account the following entities appear

Enter operand

1

Enter operand

2

Operator

+

*%-


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USER

If the user selects the home the following case will appear


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User

DFD

/

Sin

Cos

Tan

Exist


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Chapter 05

DESIGN

Out line

This chapter is about the basic design of Scientific calculator and how it

works conceptually.

Design model

Rapid application development model is used in the project as the time is

limited or project is big.

Business modeling

Data modeling


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Chapter 06

DETAILED DESIGN

Process modeling

Application generation

Testing turnover


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Out line

This chapter is about the detail design of Scientific calculator and how

different component are connected in the system.

Process of prototype development

Establish

prototype

objective

Define

prototype

functionality

Evaluate

prototype

Develop

prototype


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Reusable component composition

Prototyping plan Outline definition Execute prototype Evaluation report

Reuse able software

component

Control and

integration code

Component

composition

framework

Executable

prototype


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Prototypes


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Chapter 07

IMPLEMENTATION

Source code#include


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#include

#include

//Shortcuts to avoid having to type std::cout/cin/endl everytime

usingstd::endl;

usingstd::cout;

usingstd::cin;

usingnamespace std;

//Beginning of actual calculator

int main()

{

int Done = 5;

int Subtraction = 4;

int Addition = 3;

int Multiplication = 2;

int Division = 1;

int answer = 5;

cout answer;

// Program will go through a linear path regardless of user input at the

beginning.

if(answer == 1) //Division section of the calculator

{

//Declaring the variables for use in the division function

//They can be used again(in a different sub function)

// because they are declared in a sub function

longdouble value1;

longdouble value2;

//asking for and storing the values to be divided

cout value1;

cout value2;

//dividing the values and outputting the answer

value1 /= value2;

cout


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longdouble value1;

longdouble value2;

//asking for and storing the values to be multiplied

cout value1;

cout value2;

//multiplying the values and outputting the answer

value1 *= value2;

cout answer;

}

if(answer == 3) //Addition section of the calculator{

//Declaring the variables for use in the addition function

//They can be used again(in a different sub function)


longdouble value1;

longdouble value2;

//asking for and storing the values to be added

cout value1;

cout value2;

//adding the values and outputting the answer

value1 += value2;

cout answer;

}

if(answer == 4) //Subtraction section of the calculator

{

//Declaring the variables for use in the subtraction function

//They can be used again(in a different sub function) // because they are declared in a sub function

longdouble value1;

longdouble value2;

//asking for and storing the values to be subtracted

cout value1;


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cout value2;

//subtracting the values and outputting the answer

value1 -= value2;

cout answer;

}

if(answer = 5)

cout


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Chapter 08

Testing

Out line

This chapter deals with the testing phases of scientific calculator.


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Testing phases

White box testing

It is an approach towards software testing where test are derived from

knowledge of software structure and implementation.

Test cases

Button configuration Right

Component

testing

Integration

testing

Test data

Test out put

Component code


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Coding RightLine alignment RightText Right

Accuracy RightObjects RightSpeed RightDesign Right

SYSTEM SPECIFICATION

Compatible with every kind of computer system.


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APPENDIX

ERD: Entity relationship diagram

STD: State transition diagramDFD: Data flow diagram

Cases: Scenerios

BIBLIOGRAPHY

www.google.com

www.wikkipedia.com

www.ehow.com

www.brothersoft.com

Contact

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]
http://www.google.com/http://www.wikkipedia.com/http://www.ehow.com/http://www.brothersoft.com/mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.google.com/http://www.wikkipedia.com/http://www.ehow.com/http://www.brothersoft.com/mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]

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